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ILLUSTRATED BY TWENTY-SIX VIEWS SPECIALLY DRAWN ON WOOD BY ALFRED RIMMER. INTUS SI RECTB NE LABORA. Eav i;? (p\\ofji.aO>]<; «r>; TroXvfiad'ii^. S b r e w 5 b u r s : ADNITT & NAUNTON, THE SQUARE. X 0 n & 0 11 : STMPKIN, MARSHALL ct Co., STATIONERS HALL COURT. ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLXXXIX. SHREWSBURY : ADNITT AND NAUNTON, PRINTERS, THE SQUARE. • • • ■ t a • • • • "t • • • • • • •' » • • • • • • • • • • ••• ■•" * *■*' * •** • •••■•••••• TO THE REV. HENRY WHITEHEAD MOSS, M.A., Head Master of Shrewsbury School and Prebendary of Hereford, TO THE MASTERS OF THE SCHOOL THIS HISTORY IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE PUBLISHERS. 45C721 Hiicface, HE learned Historians of Shrews- bury, the Ven Archdeacon Owen and the Rev. J. B. Blakeway, in- tended to have published a third Volume of their most vahiable History of Shrewsbury. In this Volume the History of Shrewsbury School would have occupied a prominent position. Unfortunately, in a few months both of these gentlemen were removed by death. Mr. Blakeway's MSS. were deposited at the Bodleian Library, and amongst them were the notes prepared for the School History. By kind permission these have been copied, and form the basis of the present work. Very much additional matter has been obtained from various sources, especially from Baker's History of St. John's College, Cambridge, edited by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor. The compilation of this work has taken much longer than was originally intended, but the difficulties in obtaining information have been great. The School Bailiff and Treasurer, E. Calvert, Esq., LL.D., could find no School Records of any kind prior to 1708 in the School Chest. The whole of the text to page 217 was revised by the Rev. W. A. Leighton (so well known as the best authority on Shrewsbury Antiquities), who made many additions, and it is a source of deep regret that his death took place in the early pai't of the present year, before the work Avas completed. A. R. H. W. A. Contents, Page. CHAPTER I. — Shrewsbury : Its Historical Importance in Byegone Days - - - .9 II. — Education in Shropshire prior to the Foundation OF Shrewsbury School - - - 15 III. — From the Application to the Crown to thb Appoint- ment OF ASHTON - - - - 20 IV. — The Grant of Elizabeth — Ashton's Ordinances, &c. 29 V. — Mysteries or Passion Plays, and Death of Ashton - 53 VI. — Election of Lawrence — Pageants — End of Lawrence's Head Mastership, 1568— 158f - - GO VII. — Appointment of Meighen — Early School Life - 71 VIII. — Commencement of School Buildings — Law Suits, &c. 77 IX. — Erection of School Buildings — Meighen's Resigna- tion AND Death - - - - 86 X. — Election of Chaloner — Expulsion from Office — Election of Pigott — Re-appointment op Chaloner 99 XI. — Election of Taylor — His Death — Appointment of Mr. Lloyd — His Resignation — Appointment of Dr. Phillips - - - - 117 XII. — The Head Masterships op Hotchkiss, Newling, and Atcherley - - - - 124 XIII. — Rev. S. Butler Appointed Head Master, 1798 — Resignation, 1836— Consecrated Lord Bishop of Lichfield .... 132 XIV. — Appointment op Dr. Kennedy — The Tercentenary — His Resignation - - - - 149 XV. — Appointment of The Rev. H. W. Moss — Removal of The School - - - - 161 XVI. — The Library — Benefactors to the Library - 167 XVII. — Notes on Eminent Scholars, 1562 — 1800 - - 182 XVIII. — Distinguished Scholars, 1800 — 1886, and List of School Honours - - - . 206 XIX. — The School on Kingsland - - - 233 General Index. JUustrations. Sheewsboy School . . - - Frontispiece A Pkospect of the Castle axd School of Shrewsbuky, 1658, by F. Saxdfoed, fkom the Herald's College To Face Page 79 Xew School Buildings and Head Master's House ditto 233 DiTi'O From the River - ditto 240 Mantle Beam in Second Master's House - - - 3 Corner of School Buildings- - - - - 5 Gateway at School - - - - - 9 Old Lodge in School Lane - - - - - 29 View of School Tower and Library fkom the Castle - - 11 Ditto Ditto from the River - - 86 School Chapel, Interior - - - - - 90 School from Head Master's House - - - - 92 Upper School Room, Interior - - - - 93 Ditto from Court Yard - - - 117 Entrance to School Ditto - - - - 121 The School from the "Welsh Bridge - - - - 125 School Seal - - - - - - 133 MONTMENT TO BlSIIOP BuTLER IN St. MaRY's Clin.TU - - 147 Corner of School Buildings, with Sun Dial - - - 149 The Court Yard - - - - - - Kil School Library and Chapel, from Castle Sti;eet - - 1(»2 School Libkary, Interior ----- 167 Entrance Gates to School and Porter's Lodge - - - 206 School Chapel, Kingsland, S. E. View . . - 233 Ditto Ditto S. View - - - - 237 School Boat House . - . . - 2I(» -i^ Sbrcwsbur^ -f Scbool. -f^^ CHAPTER I. Shrewsbury : Its Historical Importance in Bye-gone Days. • :o: HREWSBURY was at one time a much more important place in history than it is at present, and may be said to have occupied the same position in the West of England that York held in the North. It contained a Mint, Parliament met here and it was also a Royal residence. Pengwerne Powis as it was called is supposed to have been founded by the Britons in the fifth century as a secure asylum, on account of its great natural strength. In Alfred's reign it was called Scrobbes-byrig, and was numbered among the principal cities of Britain. In the reign of Edward the Confessor there were 252 houses here, and the Mint was under the control of his officers. Of these 252 houses some if we may judge from other parts of England were large enough to hold retainers and their families. The inscription on a coin that yet existsis "Edward Rex Anglioe," and on the reverse is "Aelmaeron Scrobe." For about 100 years after the death of Alfred we find no mention of the town, but in 1006 the Danes invaded England while King Ethelred was at his seat in Shropshire " in great perplexity," and they were only bought off on payment of the immense sum of £30,000. B 10 After the Xorman conquest the records of Shrewsbury become more full, and we learn much about the Earls of Shrewsbury, a title which only had three possessors, Roger de Montgomery and his two sons, the survivor was first banished and then attainted of high treason. The title after that lay dormant for 300 years. The last of the Montgomery's joined in a conspiracy to place Duke Robert on the throne, but this was discovered and many of his companions suffered death, but he bought his ransom for £3000. Roger de Montgomery founded the Abbey at Shrewsbury, and endowed it, he also built the Castle that has seen so many events in the history of England. He became a monk with the consent, it is said, of his lady, and is buried at the Abbey. The Welsh wars made Shrewsbury a city of great importance. They lasted from the conquest until the 10th Edward I., and as Shrewsbury was the most important place all along the border it could not help but be the scene of great actions. It was seven times besieged, and taken by assault. The first time it was captured by the Welsh when William was away in Normandy. The next siege was in the reign of Henry I., when the Earl of Shrewsbury had declared for Robert Duke of Normand3^ The third was in Stephen's time when the governor had espoused the cause of Maud, and left a deputy. The fourth and the most remarkable was when the Barons were away at St. Edmundsbury to demand their liberties from John, and though some of the Barons had seats in the vicinity, the town adhered to the Royal cause, and was attacked by the Barons partizans, and partially destroyed by fire. The fifth time that the town felt the fury of war was in 1234, when the Earl of Pembroke had a difference with the King, Henry III., and while he lay at Gloucester, Pembroke joined his forces with those of Llewellyn Prince of Wales, and they destroyed and wasted with fire and sword all the laud that lay between Wales and Shrewsbury. The sixth time in which tlie town was involved in war was at the immortal Battle of Shrewsbury that is so familiar to all Englishmen ; and the seventh siege was when Shrewsbury School was iii its full career, when Cromwell's army took it. Indeed the attack was in tlie immediate vicinity of the School, "About three o'clock in the morning, February 21st, 1644, some carpenters and i)ioneers were conveyed in a boat u]) the river to saw and break down llic palLsadoH iimici' tlic Castle Hill, which they accordingly did. The first that entered were forty troopers dismounted, by a low place in the wall near the Council Hou.se, snpj)ort('d l)y the musketeers, and 350 foot; which, jnarchiiig 11 to the Market House surprised the main guard ; presently after, a party was sent to secure the Castle Foregate, and that they effected without much difficulty, and about a quarter of an hour afterwards the drawbridge was let down, the gate opened whereby the horse entered, in number between five and six hundred, and immediately became masters of the town." Among the laws which governed Shrewsbury was a singular one that made it compulsory for the Burgesses to appoint twelve of the principal citizens to keep watch over the King whenever he lay in the city. This custom is spoken of in Domesday Book and the origin of it dates back to Saxon times. King Ethelred who seems to have been an ill-starred monarch not only paid enormous treasure to the Danes to induce them to leave the island, but he created Edric Duke of Mercia, and that man at once aimed at the sovereignty of the kingdom. He even was so treacherous as to make terms mth the Danes, and hoped by their assistance to gain his ends. He invited Prince Alfhelm, who was his near relative by marriage, to join him at a hunting party at Shrewsbury and when he was separated from the attendants a hired assassin killed him. The laws or customs are very curious and will be read with interest by Salopians. Thus if anyone broke the peace given under the King's own hand that person was to be outlawed, but if the peace were given under the hand of the Sheriff the offender was fined in the sum of 100s. "When the King went out to hunt, the better sort of burgesses that kept horses rode out as his guard, and the Sheriff also sent 36 footmen who remained on duty as long as the King stayed. When the Sheriff went against the Welsh every one was bound to accompany him under a fine of 40s. A widow paid the King 20s. for license to marry, but a maid only was fined 10s. If a house was burned by accident, and without negligence, the burgesses who inhabited it paid a fine of -iOs. to the King, and 28. each to the neighbours on either side, an assessment that would lead to complications in some of the desolating fires that used to sweep over English towns. Another law is very singular : any burgess who entered upon a tenement that was situated in the Royal demesne had to pay 10s. for a relief, and if this amount was not paid at once, the Sheriff was enabled to increase it by 10s. more. The origin of such a law was this : a fief was originally for life, but in process of time it became hereditary, and the heir when he came into possession used to pay a fine in money, or goods, or service to the feudal lord, this was called 12 a relief because it made him free to take possession, and in some parts of Eno'land the custom was in force till recent times. When a man wounded another so as to draw blood he had to pay to the King 40s. When the Kiu,<>- left Shrewsbury after a visit the Sheriff was bound to furnish him with twenty-four horses as far as Leintwardine, and he furnished him with tlie same number whenever he went through Staffordshire. With reference to the Mint it may be explained that as there were various towns where money was coined, the King had a set of dies of his own which he lent out at a rent, and required a royalty as well. Of course this accounts in some measure for the frequent calling in of money, and its re-issue, for it brouglit toll into the King's exchequer. In a Parliament held at Shrewsbury, 21 Richard II, Henry IV, who then was Duke of Hereford, impeached the Duke of Norfolk for words spoken against the King. All readers of Shakespeare will remember the scene in which Henry is sentenced to a temporary term of banishment and Norfolk is sent away never to return to England again. The Courts of King's Bench and Exchequer also sat at Shrewsbury in the reign of Edward I. A somewhat memorable circumstance is related in coiniection with the meeting of Parliament at Shrewsbury. The assembly was adjourned to Acton Burnell, where the remains of a castle stand in the beautiful park of the Smythe family. This was the seat of the renowned and learned Bisho]) Biirnell, and here the celebrated statute of "Acton Burnell," as it is called was passed, because here the royal assent was given. The Lords sat in the castle, and the Commons had to be contented with the humbler accommo- dation of a haiii, which belonged to the monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul. But every one was entertained most sumptuously. In tlie statute alluded to it was enacted that for the better collection of debts, debtors in London, York, and Bristol were obliged to appear before the Mayors of these cities, and agree upon a certain day for payment, otherwise execution was issued against their goods. The writ to summon this Parliament at Slirewsbury was dated on the "morrow after Michaelmas day," and the occasion of its meeting was to consiilt wliat course sliould be taken with David, Prince of Wales, whom the King declares he had received in his banisliment, nursed when an orplian, 13 and enriched out of his own stores, placing him among the chief persons of the court. Here we see again how Shrewsbury by its position became so impor- tant a place in the history of England. The account is briefly this. David was the brother of Llewellyn, Prince of AVales, who had for some cause committed his two other brothers to prison. David was received with great favor by the English King, but he returned this treatment with ingratitude, and induced Llewellyn to revolt against Edward. Of course the result was that the Welsh Prince was defeated, and David was taken and sent to Rhyddlan Castle, where Edward was. This caused the Parlia- ment to be summoned to Shrewsbury, and in the end he was condemned to die the death of a traitor, all the attendant barbarities being strictly com- plied with. It is said that Shrewsbury was the first place in England where such an execution was ever enforced, though the manner afterwards became usual with traitors. Of course in speaking of the Parliaments that met at Shrewsbury no note is taken of Royal Coiincils, which were very numerous, and were necessitated by the repeated Welsh wars. Dukes in his "Antiquities of Shropshire " says that indeed all the English Kings except Richard I. went one time or other against the Welsh, and even when the Princes were submissive they had many times to meet the King to do homage at Shrews- bury. With such an eventful career we might well expect to see traces of antiquity in the old town, and as it is not a manufacturing seat, we might fairly hope that these had not been broken down by the axes and hammers of the renovators. This is indeed the case to the fullest extent, and no visitor is likely to go away disappointed. It has been the writer's pleasant lot to spend a great portion of twelve consecutive summers in wandering all over England from Truro to Carlisle and from Yarmouth to Shrewsbury, in search of picturesque old county towns and cities, and to preserve by pen and pencil some relics of the quaint architecture with which they once were filled, but which, if it is not ecclesiastical or corporate property, is fast passing away. Perhaps there is no town in the Kingdom that has preserved its ancient aspect so much as Shrewsbury. Durham has a grand feudal appearance as we approach it, but the streets are modern and mean. Then many towns whose names are connected with a long succession of events in English 14 history have become so clianged that we look in vain for any appearance of byegone days. It is with feehngs of disappointment that we explore the streets of Lancaster, Carlisle, Leicester, or Derby. We meet with plate glass windows and stucco fronts, bnt the gables and tall chimney stacks have disappeared, with all their quaint carvings. The principal street of Shrewsbury, Pride Hill, really reminds us of an old town, and the one which leads off it and is called Double Butcher Kow, has no fellow in England. It is indeed nearly unchanged since the days when the amiable Mr. Ashton was head master of the School, and some of the houses were in their second century when the School House that forms so con- spicuous an object in Shrewsbury was built. There is as much or perhaps more antiquity in Chester, but it is hidden from the pul)lic view bv modern fronts. The Antiquary must explore iiidikely passages, and peer through open doors to see what the city contains. But not so in Butcher Row, or indeed in Shrewsbury at all, old gables still gladden the eye, and there is a wealth of design in the street alluded to that if it were properly studied and applied, would make the fortune of a modern architect. CHAPTER II. Education in Sheopshiee peioe to the Foundation of Sheewsbuey School. I LTR knowledge of tlie state of scholastic education during the dark ages is very slight, and as far as it relates to Shrewsbury is confined to the single notice of Sigward, a Saxon priest of royal descent, who built a small wooden Church, dedicated to St. Peter, outside the east gate of the town. To him, Ordericus Vitalis was sent, as we learn from his own chronicle : "I was baptized on the Saturday of Easter, 1075, at Atcham, on the banks of the great river Severn. There by the ministry of Ordericus the priest Thou didst regenerate me with water and the Holy Ghost, and gavest me the name borne by this priest, who was my godfather. When I was five years old I was sent to School at Shrewsbury, and I offered to Thee my services in the lowest order of the church of St. Peter and St. Paul. While there, Siward, a priest of great eminence, instructed me in letter for five years from " Nicostrata Carmenta," and taught me psalms and hymns and other necessary learning." The great Benedictine Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul was built as has been said, by Roger de Montgomery, the first Earl of Shrewsbury, in 1083, on the site of the wooden church, and in 1087 was richly endowed by him, and it gradually became so important that the Abbots were mitred and sat in the upper House of Parliament. Part of the original structure yet remains, and is easily identified. All visitors to Shrewsbury will remember the noble west window of much more recent date, which combines the best features of the decorated and perpendicular styles. It was proposed that this church should have constituted the Cathedral of Shrewsbury, and it would have been a worthy one. Willis, in 1718, says that only a nave and side aisles were left, reaching from the " great broad tower, wherein are six large bells," while the choir, the cloisters, and chapter house were totally destroyed. The site would have been excellent for a see, and even now the want is felt. So far had the arrangements progressed that Dr. Bourchier, the last Abbot of Leicester, was named as the first bishop. 16 In the early part of the reign of Henry III. the Schools of Shrewsbury were of sufficient dignity to have a " Rector," and he was able to fill an impor- tant function under the crown in a momentous affair then depending, for on the 10th of October, 16 Henry III, the King informs the Bishop of Ely and Master John de Ferintin, Archdeacon of Norwicli, that he has appointed Master Roger de Abbodesle, "Rector of the Schools of Salop, his proctor in the cause or business which we have before you by apostolic delegation in the collegiate church of St. Mary at Salop, against L. Prince of Aberffraw, for disturbino- the peace of our realm." Bat, what was the nature of these schools our authorities do not enable us to state. In all probability they were appurtenant to the Abbey, for we find but few instances of schools undertaken by individuals as a separate profession during the middle ages : the education of the clergy being chiefly conducted in the monasteries, and that of the nobility and gentry (such of them as received any education) in the families of bishops. What private schoolmasters there were seem to have been under the jurisdiction of the municipal authorities ; for we find an entry in the olck'st book of the Corporation importing that on Sunday after the close of Easter, 26 Hen. VI., the bailiffs and commonalty of Shrewsbury depose Thomas Fillilode, clerk, from any longer teaching bovs, or keeping school within the town. Owen and Blakeway, in their History of Shrewsbury, v. 2, p. 271, also state that at the time of the dissolution of chantries, the parish clerk of St. Alkmond's Church was also schoolmaster ; but whether these offices had been connected together for any length of time, or whether he taught school gratuitously, and to whom, are points upon which we can throw no light. Education in Slirewsbury was not altogether neglected, for in addition to the School at the Benedictine Abbey we find from the accounts of the Di-aper's Guild at Shrewsbury, that they maintained a Schoolmaster in 1492, paying liini Is. Sd. foi- liis nut, and (id. f(ir liis school. His name was Sir •loliu I'leyk'}'. Sir was a common title for a ])edagogue or a chaplain. Sir Hugh Evans, in the "Merry Wives of Windsor," Avas not only a clergyman, as lie says, " if Sir John Falstaff have committed disparage- ments unto you, I am of the Cliui'ch," but he was also a schoolmaster. Mrs. Page says to him, " How this. Sir Hugh, no school to-day ?" 17 When Shrewsbury Abbey was dissolved it was proposed that the revenues should be employed to endow a Bishopric, and Shrewsbury become a See, as Chester was converted into a Bishopric by utilising the possessions of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Werburgh. And in this scheme which was cancelled we find a provision that corresponds with one which originated the ])resent Kings' School of Chester. " Item XXX Scollers to be taught bothe grammer and logycke in the greke and latten tonge every of them iiiUi vis. yiujd. yerely." " Item a scolemaister for the same scollers to teache the greke and latten gramer and other good auctors xviZi xiiis. iiijcl." " Item an ussher- x//." "Whilst in the approved scheme, which, unfortunately, was never carried out — " Item a scolemaster to tech grammar xxZi." fci'^ In addition to the Benedictine Abbey, there were also in Shrewsbury the Franciscan, or Grey Friars, founded in Shrewsbury before 1246 ; the Augustiuian Friars, founded there in 1255; and the Dominican Friars, founded there about 1265, where the usual means for learning were afforded. With the loss of so many opportunities for study, we need not feel surprised that thewant of a Grammar School was felt in Shrewsbury, for even before the dissolution of Monasteries the cry had gone up for a better education than Monastic institutions could afford. The revival of letters which was stirring the intellectual life of Europe to new vigour, and which found a congenial centre in Florence had reached English shores, and it took a higher character here than it ever did in the voluptuous courts of the Medici. More's Utopia was its noblest exponent, and Colet at Oxford, and the equally illustrious Erasmus at Cambridge were its fitting champions. Grammar Schools had risen all over England before the eighteen that Edward VI founded, and indeed it is calculated that in the latter part of Henry VIII's reign a greater number of these Schools had been built than in the three preceding centuries. In the towns of Shropshire, steps had early been taken to supply educational wants, for in Ludlow the Palmer's Guild was incorporated in 1284, and its School is mentioned in records dating as far back as the 14th century, that c 18 too in such a way as (according to Wriglat) -would lead to tlie belief that it existed when the guild itself was incorporated, and this would make it one of the oldest Grammar Schools in the country. Ludlow School was refounded by Edward VI., when the guild was dissolved by Charter, 1552, and part of the revenues were appropriated to its use. It is probable that next to this, the oldest Grrammar School in the countv was founded in Bridgnorth, as it is certain that a School supported fi-om the revenues of the Chantry of St. Leonard's existed for a very long period prior to 1548, when the Commissioners recommended the continuance of the ancient payment of £8 annually. Oswestry must certainly rank third in the list of Schools of Shropshire towns, for this was founded by David Holbache, probably in 1404-5. The Commissioners on the 20th July, 1548, proceeded to assign and appoint that a Grammar School at Wellington should be there continued, and that the master should have an annual fee of £4 17s. Gd. as had of old been used. TVliitchurch School was founded by Sir John Talbot, rector of "Whitchurch, and others, in 1550, whilst Market Drayton was one of the few Scliools founded by Philip and Mary in 1555, upon the petition of Sir Rowland Hill. The other endowed Schools of the County have a much later date. Donnington was founded by Thomas Alcock, 1627 ; Wem was founded by Thomas Adams in 1650; New]3ort was indebted to William Adams, who endowed a School in the same year ; and Whittington dates back to 1681 for its Grammar School, wliich was the gift of Peter AVebster. Alter tiic dissohilioii, llie abulitiun of Monastic Schools, occasioned the necessity of others ; and the Reformation which ensued, by inspiring men with a desire of insti'urlidii, increased tli(> (IchiiukI lur it; and inti'odiK'cd the ncces-sity of erecting further now schools. Little in tliis way could be expected from the rapaciou.s Henry himself; but it was consistent with tlie views of his son's ministry to excite the piety of their young master to this benevolent design. A commission was issued in the second year of his reign, (20th June, 10 1548), for the maintenance of divine worship, the support of tlie poor, and the erection and continuance of Schools. By what is here said, it is not meant that there were but few Schools before the Reformation. If we might believe a curious Petition to the House of Commons in 1447 which throws a good deal of light on this subject, there had been before that time a " grete nombre of gramer scoles somtyme in divers partes of this realm." The petitioners com- plaiii of their decrease, and after reciting, that the city of London is " the commune concours of this land," not only for natives, but for young people fi'oin other shires, who flock thither "for lake of scole maistres in their oune con tree ;" they set forth the mischief of a monoply in this respect. " It were expedient that in London were a sufficient nombre of scoles, and good enfourmers in gramer, and not for the singular availl of two or three persones, grovously to hurt the multitude of yonge peple.*" Among the subjects of the realm, the mercantile interest were foremost in the promotion of education. Above a century before, one great cause of the resort of young persons to London for instruction is stated to have been " for the grete almesse of lordes, merchauntz and other, the which is in London more plenteously doon, than in many other places of this reaume, to such poore creatures as never shuld have be brought to so great vertu and connyng as tha have, ne hadde hit ben bi the nieane of the almes above said.+ " Rot. Pari, vi, 137. t Ibid. CHAPTER III. Fkom the Application to the Ckowx to the Appointment of Ashton. HE establislimeBt of a Grammar School in Shrewsbury was felt by the Burgesses to be so important, that as early as 1548, they entrusted the matter into the hands of Reginald Corbet, the third son of Sir Robert Corbet of Moreton Corbet, who adopted the Bar as his profession. In this he seems to have been singularly successful. He was appointed Recorder of Shrewsbury, and in 1559 he became a Judge of the Queen's Bench. The petition was presented to Lord Rich, Chancellor at the time, and the following entries in the Corporation accounts would thoroughly astonish a lawyer of the present day who had any cause to prefer in Parliament. " Sol' Reginaldo Corbet, recordatori. Paid Reginald Corbet, the recorder for '.psupplicaco'e exhibi' d'no Cancel- a supplication exhibited to the Lord lario '^ scola libera obtinenda - - Chancellor to obtain a Free School, 10s. " Et dat' servienti d'ni Cancellar' Given to a servant of the Lord Chan- pro favore suo in eadem"- - - - cellor for his favour in the same, 20d. A cynic would say with regard to the second item that though the Corporation of Shrewsbury knew the value of the services of a Chancellor's servant they did not make quite a sufficiently high bid for them. Two years later another effort was made by the Burgesses, and in this tlicy were now joined by the inhabitants of the County as well as by tlie principal residents in Mid-Wales and the districts adjoining Shropshire, but the town was chiefly indebted to Hugh Kdwardes of the College, gentleman, a Burgess of Shrewsburv, for the fdundatioii ami endow ment of this important estabhshment. This Hugh Edwardes was a younger son of an ancient British family seated in tlic Chapclry of Dudleston fi-om the pci'iod of the 21 Norman Conquest, and having l)ecn brought up as a mercer in Shrewsbury, lie went to London, and was eminently successful iu oljtaining royal patronage. This he used most advantageously for the Town of Shrewsbury, as he was enabled to obtain from King Edward VI., the first grant that was made for the foundation of a Grammar School. He appears also to have been a purchaser of part of the property from the Crown that had once belonged to the College of St. Chad, and this included the site of that establishment. Mr. Edwardes returned to Shrews- bury and resided there. He was admitted as an honorary member of the Company, in which he had been trained, on the Monday after Corpus Christi Day in 1651, and a Burgess in 1553. In his important work he was assisted by Richard Whittaker or Whitacres, one of the Bailiffs of the Borough. The Corporation accounts for a year from Michaelmas, 1551, bear witness to the labours of the latter. " Spent on Richard Whitacres, at his arrival from London, 3s. 6d." "Paid Richard Whitacres, one of the bailiffs, for divers costs by him expended, particularly about the Free School, £58 18s. 4d. Another item from the accounts may also be added — " Sol' ^ empc'o'e libe' Scole inf' vill' Paid for the purchasing of a Free Salop h'end. School to be had within the town £20. This, Owen and Blakeway in their History of Shrewsbury, say was probably a part of the consideration paid for estates settled on the School by Edward VI. A record of the labours of these citizens is made in the Early Chronicles of Shrewsbury, a manuscript in the School Library, from which many extracts of the early History of the School will be given. 1551-2. — " This yeare by the labor of one Hughe Edwa'ds of Salop, and late of London, mere', and Master Rychard Whyttacks, being as thys yeare one of the baylyffs of thys towne of Shrewsbery was laboryd to the Kyngs m*' for anwetie of xx/i for and towa'ds the mayntenance of a free scoole in the sayde town of Shrewsbery for ev' w""* was obtaynyd to the great 22 p'ferm't of the youtlie of tliat towne and tlae quarters there adioyninge in good lerni'ge and godly educac'on the w'^ scoolehowse ys sytuat nere unto the castell gate of the same towne uppon a goodly p'spect." The result was a Charter from Edward VI., bearing date, Feb. 10th, 155^ commencing — " Edwardus Sextus, Dei Gratia Anglise, Francise et Hibernise Eex, Fidei Defensor, et in terra Ecclesige Anglicange et Hibernicse supremum Caput ; omnibus ad quos pr^esentes liter^e pervenerint salutem. Sciatis quod nos, ad humilem petitionem tarn Balivorum et Burgensium ac inhabitantium Villge Salo])iaj in Comitatu Salopiensi, quam aliorum quam plurimorum subditorum nostrorum totius patriae ibidem vicinaj, nobis pro Schola Grammaticali ibidem erigenda et stabilienda, pro institutione et instructione puerorum et juvenum, de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia ac mero motu nostro, volumus, concedimus et ordinamus, quod de caetero sit et erit una Schola Grammaticalis in dicta villa Salopife qua3 vocabitur Libera Schola Grammaticalis Regis Edwardi sexti, pro educatione, institutione et instructione puerorum et juvenum in Grammatica, perpetuis temporibus futuris duratura, ac scholam illam de uno magistro sen peedagogo, et uno sub-psedagogo sive Ypodidascalo, pro perpetuo continuaturam erigimus, creamus, ordinamus et fundamus per prjBsentes." Tlie wliole of this Charter is here appended translated into English — " Edward the Sixtli, by the Grace of God of England, France, and Jrelund, King, Defender of the Faith, and in Earth of the Church of England and of Ireland Supreme Head, To all to whom these letters shall come, greeting, Know ye, that we, at the liunible petition as well of the Bailiffs and Burgesses and 1 iilialiitaiits of tlic tdwii of Shrewsbury in the county of Salop as of very many other our subjects of our whole neighbouring country there, for a (Jrammar School to be erected and established there for the education and instruction of boys and youths, of our special grace, and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, do will, grant, and ordain that hereafter there Ik , ami shall lie, one (lianiniar School in the said tdwn of Shrewsbury, which shall be called ' The Free Grammai' School of King Edward the Sixth, for the Kdiication, Teaching, and Instruction of Boys and Youths in Grammar,' to continue at all times iKTcalter for ever, and the same School to be continued 23 for ever by one Master or Instructor, and one Under-Master or IJslior, we do erect, create, ordain, and found by these presents. And furtlier know ye, that we, being willing to carry our intention and purpose in this behalf into effect, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to the Bailiffs and Burgesses of the said town of Shrewsbury, in the said county of Salop, all those our tithes of blade corn and grain and hay, yearly and from time to time growing, issuing, or renewing in the villages, fields, parishes, and hamlets of Asteley, Sensawe, Cliff, Letton, and Almond Park, in our said County of Salop, to the late College of the Blessed Mary, in the Town of Shrewsbury aforesaid, now dissolved, formerly belonging and appertaining, and lately being parcel of the possessions thereof ; and all those our tithes of corn, blade and grain, and hay, yearly and from time to time growing, issuing, or renewing in the villages, fields, parishes, and Hamlets of Frankewell, Betton, Woodcote, Horton, Bicton, Calcote, Shelton, Whiteley, and Welbach, in our said County of Salop, to the late College of Saint Cedde in the said town of Shrewsbury, now dissolved, formerly belonging and appertaining, and lately being parcel of the possessions thereof ; and tlie reversion and rever- sions whatsoever of all and singular the premises and of every parcel thereof ; and also the rents and yearly profits whatsoever, reserved upon any demises and grants whatsoever, in anywise made of the premises or any parcel thereof as fully, freely, and entirely, and in as ample manner and form as any Masters, Provosts, Prebendaries, or any other Ministers or Governors of the said late Colleges, or either of them, or any other person or persons hereto- fore having or possessing the said premises or any parcel thereof, or being seized thereof, ever had, held, or enjoyed, or ought to have, hold, or enjoy the same or any parcel thereof, and as fully, freely, and entirely, and in as ample manner and form as all and singular the same premises came or ought to come into and now are or ought to be in our hands by reason or pretext of a certain Act made and provided in our Parliament held at Westminster in the first year of our reign (amongst other things) for dissolving and deter- mining of divers Chantries, Colleges, Guilds, Free Chapels and Fraternities, and of other things to us given and appointed, or by any other manner, right, or title whatsoever, and which tithes and all and singular other the premises are now extended to the clear yearly value of Twenty pounds and eight shillings, to have, hold, and enjoy the aforesaid tithes, rents, reversions, and 24 all other the premises, with the appurtenances to the aforesaid Bailiffs and Burgesses of the said town of Shrewsbury- and their successors for ever, to hold of us, our heirs and successors, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent, by fealt}^ only in free socage and not in chief, and N'ielding therefore yearly to us, our heirs and successors, eight shillings of lawful money of England, at our Court of Augmentation of the Revenues of our Crown, payable at the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangel in every year, for all rents, services, and demands whatsoever ; and also we have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to the aforesaid Bailiffs and Burgesses of the said town of Shrewsbury, all the issues, rents, revenues, and profits of the aforesaid tithes and other the premises, from the Feast of Saint Michael the Archangel last past, hitherto arising or growing, to hold to the same Bailiffs and Burgesses of our gift without account or any other thing for the same to us, our heirs or successors, in any manner to he rendered, paid, or done. And further, of our mere abundant grace, and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to the aforesaid Bailiffs and Burgesses and their successors, full power and authority of miming and appointing a Master and Under-master of the School aforesaid as often and when the same School shall be without a Master or Under-master and that they, the said Bailiffs and Burgesses, with the advice of the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry for the time being, may make, and may and shall be able to make, fit and salutary statutes and ordinances in writing, touching and concerning the order, government, and direction of the Master and Under- ^laster and of the Scholars of the School aforesaid for the time being, and of the stipend and salary of the said Master and Under-Master, and of other things touching and concerning the same Scliixil, and the ordinary governing, preserving, and disposing of tlie rents and I'l'venues ;i|i|i()int('(l and to be appointed for the support of same School ; and wliich statutes and oi'dinances so to be made wo will grant, and by these presents command, to be inviolably observed from tinic tu time for ever. And further, of our more abundant grace, we have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to the aforesaiil liaililTs and Ibirgesses of tlic said town nf Slu'ewsbury and their successors, special liceiu'c ami IVcc and lawfnl l'acnll\-, |i(i\vi'r, and authority to have, receive, ami |)nicliasc, to tlicni and tlicir successors, for ever, as well of us, our heirs or successors, as of any dtlu'i' persons and j)L'rson whomsoever, any Manors, Messuages, Lands, Tenements, Rectories, Tithes, or other Hereditaments whatsoever within the Kingdom of England, or elsewhere within our dominions, so that they do not exceed the clear yearly value of £20 besides the said Tithes and other the premises to the aforesaid Bailiffs and Burgesses and their successors as aforesaid by us granted in form aforesaid, the statute of "Xot putting Lands and Tene- ments to Mortmain," or any other statute, act, ordinance or provision, or any matter, cause, or thing whatsoever to the contrary thereof, had, made, ordained or provided in anywise notwithstanding. Nevertheless, we will that the profits, issues, and rents, as well of the aforesaid tithes and other the premises by us hereby granted, as of all and singular such lands, tenements, and hereditaments so to be jjurchased by them the said Bailiffs and Burgesses as aforesaid, be wholly converted and disposed to the support and mainten- ance of the aforesaid School for ever. And we will and by these presents grant to the aforesaid Bailiffs and Burgesses that they may and shall have these our Letters Patent under our Great Seal of England in due made and sealed without fine or fee, great or small, to us, in our hanaper or elsewhere to our use for the same to be anywise rendered, paid or made, althouoh express mention of the true yearly value, or of the certainty of the premises or any of them, or of other the gifts or grants by us or by any of our progenitors heretofore made to the aforesaid Bailiffs and Burgesses of the town aforesaid and their successors, is not made in these presents, or any statute, act, ordinance, provision, or restriction to the contrary thereof made, passed, ordained or provided, or any other matter, cause, or thing whatsoever in anywise notwithstanding. In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent. AVitness ourself at Westminster, the Tenth day of February, in the sixth year of our reign." By this Charter it will be seen that it was granted by the King, at the humble petition of the Bailiffs, Burgesses, and inhabitants of the town, and also of many other his subjects of all the neighbouring country, that there should be for ever in future a Grammar School in the said town, to be called, " The Free Grammar School of King Edward the Sixth," for the education, institution, and instruction of boys and youths in grammar, to consist of a master or pedagogue, and sub-pedagogue, or under-master, D 26 both to be appointed by the Corporation, .and granted to the said Bailiffs and Burgesses the yearly rent of 8s., tithes of sheaf corn, grain, and hay in the vills, fields, parishes, and hamlets of Astley, Sansaw, Cliff, Letton, and Almond Park, late parcel of St. Mary's College, and all the same tithes in the vills, &c., of Frankwell, Betton, "Woodcote, Horton, Bicton, Calcot, Shelton, Whitley, and AVelbache, late parcel of St. Chad's College, of the clear yearly value of £20 8s. Od., with the issues from the preceeding Michaelmas. The Corporation were also empowered to make ordinances for the regulation of the Masters and Scholars with the advice of the Bishop of the Diocese, and to purchase lands, &c., in Mortmain to the further amount of £20, the whole, however, to be entirely applied to the maintenance of the School. The Corporation did not enter at once into full enjoyment of the tithes mentioned above. They were yet in lease to two lessees of the Crown, Byston and Kelton, and all that the Bailiffs received at present were the reserved rents. However, no time was lost after the issuing of this Charter in carrying its provisions into effect, so far as the scantiness of their means would allow. The same Bailiffs accounts last quoted prove that a House and Masters were immediately providL'd. " Paid to John Prowde, for a Honse and other Lands and Tenements, bought and provided for the Free School, £20." Regardo pedagogo lib'se scohi?, viz : Reward to the Schoolmaster of the d'no Marys. free school, viz : Sir Marys - 12d. Regardo and sup' comput' John Eyton, Reward and upon account to John conduct' ad custodiend' lib'am scola' Kyton, hired to keep the free grammaticale'. grammar school - - - (Is. 8d. E.xpendit" p' hair sup" pedagogo nunc Spent by the Bailiffs upon tlie School- conduct', master now hired - - - 2s. M. But the Bailiffs were not iurtunatc in tlieir choice of tlic i)iM-sons whose services they first engaged. "Sir Marys" apparently staye(i a very short time l)ef ore he was superseded by Mr. Ky ton, and tliis last did not cdntinnc to give satisfaction to his employers, fur tlicic is an entry on the book of orders : — 27 "Ult. Oct. 3 & 4 P. & M. L55G. Aggried .... that yf Mr. Baylieffs . . . can lieare ... of an honest al)le . . . person which will serve tlie office of Head Scole Master of the Free Scole of the town, and that shall be thought meats . . . that then Mr. Bayliffs shall avojd John Ejton now Scole Master, gyvinge him one half years warnynge ... & the said J. E. to have for his wages from St. Mich, last paste £14 by year and not above." In the Bailiffs' Accoimts, 1594, is an entry — " Given to Mr. Eaton, preacher, beinge sonne to Mr. Eaton, a late scholmaster of this towne, 10s." Whether anything was done in consequence of this order during the remainder of Mary's reign does not appear, but her sister had not been on the tin-one much more than two years before the Bailiffs engaged the Eev. Thomas Ashton, a fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and possibly a fellow-countryman of Whitaker,* one of the persons before mentioned, as instrumental in obtaining the foundation of the School. The first notice we have of him, in connection with the town, is the follo^dng: " 1561 It'm. Mr. " bayles spent apon Mr. Astone, and a other gentell mane of Cambridge, the " XXVth day of Maye, over pareadijs, 2s." The nature of the New Master's agreement with the Corporation appears from the following extract : — " 21 Jun. 3 Eliz. 1561. Aggried that Thomas Assheton, with on other lerned scole master, shall enter nowe at Mydsummer next, and for there stypend duryng the tyme untyll the leases be expyred to have £40, and for an usher £8, and when the leases be expyred of Mr. Byston and Mr. Kelton, then the said Mr. Asheton, fynding one other scole Mr. and ussher, to have a pattent of all those tythes belonging to the free scole for life, paying yearly 8s. to the Queene for cheffe rent, and that he shall kepe all reparations of the scoole howse." The New Schoolmaster, with Thomas Wylton and Richard Atkys for his under-masters, opened their School', we may suppose, at Midsummer, 1561, in pursuance of the resolution of the Corporation just quoted. But Mr. Ashton's register of admissions does not begin till " quinto Calendas Januarii, A.D. 1562," by which is intended December 28th, 1562. It * families of the names of Whitaker and Ashton were seated near each other in the Parish of Whalley, in Lancashire. Of tlie former was the famous divine, Dr. William Whitaker, Master of St. John's College, and the late Dr. Whitaker, the learned historian of Whalley, Craven, &c. 28 probably took a year and half to assemble the scholars with which that book commences, the number and respectability of which strongly express the great reputation of the Master. Two hundred and sixty-six youths, many of them of the first families in this and the neighbouring counties, appear uiider the date just set down, and twenty-three more are added before March 2oth, 156"2. The year 1563 produced one hundred more, the next year, 15G4, ninety-seven. The succeeding six years present an equal influx of scholars, seldom less than an hundred, and sometimes more. In seven years eight hundred and seventy-five scholars were admitted. Of the high estimation in which this good man was held by those who had enjoyed the benefit of his instruction, w^e have an interesting memorial by one of them, Andrew Downes, who in his dedication of his Lectures on an oration of Lysias, ed. 1595, to the celebrated and unfortunate Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, says : — " I was known to your Lordship at the University. Low as was my condition, I was introduced to a nobleman of your elevated rank by the circumstance of having received my education from the same person who superintended your tender years, I mean Mr. Thomas Ashton, who devoted himself to your father's service, and enjoyed a most intimate acquaintance with your noble family. I name this gentleman, who has now been long dead, that I may do honour to his memory, for after God and my parents, he is the person to whom I am most indebted for all the literature I possess. Whatever I have of humanity, or of any good in me, proceeds from him; nor do I feel so grateful to the Almighty for anything else as for this, that by His providence I enjoyed the advantage of a preceptor of whom all his scholars may be justly proud. Amid all the misfortunes of my life, of wliich I have an ample share, I consider it as a supreme, indeed an unparalleled felicity, that my father put me when a boy under the care of this most excellent person, and I feel assured that this tribute to liis inemory will be agreeable to your Lordship." CIIAI'TKI! I\'. TiiK (tRant (IF Elizabeth. — Ashton's Orjunances, &(:. HE School at first was opened in a timber bnilding whicli was [)urchased by the Bailiffs, in the street then known as Ratonyslone, and from its foundation there, this has always been called " The School Lane." The freehold belonged to Rogei- Berriugton. " 1576.— 22 Sep., 18 Eliz. Roger Birrington, gen. s. h., Tho B., gent., late alderman deced, grants to David Lloyd,* John Shell and lU others (whereof Ri. Owen, junr.,t mercer, one), totum illud magnu' mesuagiu' quondam voc Shottenplace et unum voc le Grrammar Schole howse in quadani veneir voc Rotten lane prope le Castlegate," in trust to permit the bailiff's and burgesses to enioy it for a school house. Part of what was probably the original School has recently been brought to light. The familiar porter's lodge, with its plaster front was in reality a post and peterel building of excellent design. The panels are richly carved, and of singular beauty. The sketch as it is shown here was an exact copy of the gable, made while the plaster was being removed, and as may be noticed it differs m some respects from the present restoration. It is difficult to assign a date to a wood and plaster building with the same amount of accuracy that we can to a stone one. The laws which regulated their form were not under the control of a mason's guild. But, generally speaking, we may consider that the cusped quatre-foil panels denote an early part of the Tudor period. There is another remain of the wooden building at the other side of the School, an old fashioned eaves- board, which from its carving would seem to be even older than the porter's • Bailiff, 1575. t Bailiff 1571. 30 lodge. Of course wlien speaking of the porter's lodge we must remember that such was not its original use. 'Sir. Ashton was as much respected by the Corporation as he was by his scholars, and that body made an order, 8th Oct., 15G8, that all the tithes (including Betton), granted to them ])y Edward VI. should be made over to him and his heirs in fee farm. " So that thereupon he maye devise good assurances for assuring the premises to the use of the said School for ever." The increasing reputation of the School reipiired a larger establishment than the grant of Edward VI would support, and excited Mr. Ashton to solicit from Elizabeth further priN-ileges, as our M.S. Chronicle thus relates: " lo70-l. — This yeare one Mr. Ast'n scoolemaster of the freescoole in Salop, beinge a good and zealous man towards the preferme't of learn'g in the same scoole, made suyte of his owue charge, besyds greate labor to the Queenes M"* and so obtayiied to the maynetenancc of the same scoole xx// a years more, w*"*" made it x\ll a yere to sufficient fjmdinge for diligent dysciplyne of a master and ij ushyars." The al)Ove extract states that it was at Mr. Ashton's own charges the Grant was obtained, and Camden also asserts this. But the Queen's Grant was gratuitous, a rare occurrence in that frugal reign, and Mr. Ashton was not even at any charge in soliciting it. This is proved liy llic following entry on the book of Corporation Orders: "20 Deer., 14 Eliz. (1571).— Agreed that the £25 10s. which Mr. Ashton hathe disbursed in the obtaining of the grante of the Qiieeues Majestie that nowe is, conserning the free school shall be paid." Indeed the manniM' in wliich lie ('(iiiiplains (2~th October, 157;3,) of liaving been reflected on for charging ,f() for his expenses in London and Cambridge while consulting about the Ordinances proves that he had not been at any indivi(hial charge ; for surely no member of a I\runicipal body coulil have been so ungracious as to murmur at so small an expenditure by one who had i)een sacrificing ids own money. This is not said with the slightest intention to detract from Mr. Ashton's praises. It was (piite enough 31 merit for a private scliolar to Lave obtained tlie grant by bis interest and representations at court, without advancing his money, of which, in that age, a clergyman and a Fellow of a College was not likely to have a plentiful supply. That Queen Elizabeth's grant was gratuitous we know from herself. >St. Mary's tithes were under lease to Kelton when she conferred them upon the Schools; and in 1688, when that lease was just upon the point of expiring having been leased 28tli Jan., 156f, for twenty-one years, she wrote the following letter to the Corporation and Head-master requiring them to grant a new lease of them to Kelton's widow for thirty years at the accustomed rent, and without fine, inasmuch as she had given them freely to the School. The original letter was superscribed by the Queen and according to Phillip's History of Shewsbury was, in 1779, preserved in the School chest. Elizabeth R. By the Queen. Trusty and well beloved : We greet you well : AVhereas among other parcells of landes passed unto you by our late grante, there is contayned one small parcell of tithe belonging to the parish of St. Mary in that our towne of Shrewesbury, of the yearelye rent of 20 Markes or thereabouts, then and nowe in the teniire of Mary Kelton, gentlewoman, widowe, whereof the yeares are almost expired, whereuppon she hath made humble suite unto us, that forasmuch as it is not nowe in our power to renew hir estate in the sayd tithes according as we iise to extend like favors to our tenantes upon surrenders, the same being passed from us to you, and that it hath bene left to hir by hir late husband for a stay and relief both to hir during hir life and afterwards to hir children to whom their father deceased hath left but small living besides, so as if this were taken from them they were like to fall in distress. We have in consideration thereof been removed to recommend her suite unto you, that is, that upon surrender of her present estate you will make unto her a new lease of the said tythes for the term of 30 yeares at the rent accustomed, and without fine, as at our reqiiest which we think we may the rather require at your hands, for that both the said parcel of tithes and many other things were in our late grant freely and without charge by us given to you. And, therefore, we do look that this so reasonable a request being for the relief of a widow and fatherless children shall not be denied, but 32 rather o^'anted, witli such favor and expedition as we may have cause to think our kite benefit to you bestowed on thankful persons. Given under our signet at the Manor of Greenwich, the 16th day of November, 1588, in the thirtieth year of our reign. To our trusty and well beloved the Bailiffs, ~ Burgesse.s and Head Schoolmaster of the Town of .Shrewsbury that now be and that hereafter for the time shall be." Tlie following is the Grant made liy Queen Elizabeth, May 23rd, 1571 : — "This Indenture, made the three and twentieth day of May, in the 13th year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady Elizabeth, by the Grace of God Queen of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., between our said Sovereign Lady the Queen on the one part, and the Bailiffs and Burgesses of the Town of Salop, in the Count}' of Salop, of the other ])art, AVitnesseth, That whereas the late King of Famous Memory, King Henry the 8th, Father to our Sovereign Lady tlie Queen's Majesty, tluit now is, by a certain Indenture made between the said late King, on the one part, and "William Snowball, of the Household of the said late King, of the other jnirt, bearing date the 24th day of March, in the 28th year of his Reign, hath demised, granted, and to farm lettcn to the aforesaid William Snowball, the Rectory of the Parish Church of Chirbury, in the [said] County of Salo]), of hite to the late Priory of Cliirliury, in the said County of Salop, by the Authoi'ity of Parlianu>nt, suppressed and dissolved, together with all Tenths of Corn and Hay in Wilmington, AVooderton, Stockton, Chirbury, Winsbury, Dudston, AValcote, Ilockleton, Priest Weston, Marington, Tymbredth, Roring- ton, and Middleton, in the County aforesaid, and all other Tenths, Oblations, Profits, ami I'luKilnini'iits whatsoever, as well in the Tnwns and Hamlets, and other places aforesaid, as in any other ))lac(' wheresoever. Id the said Rectory belonging or appertaining (except and always reserved to the said late King, his heirs and successors, all great Tn>rs and Woods in and n])on the land of the Rectory aforesaid, gi-owing and being, and the Advowson of the N'icaragc of the Chnrcli of Chirbury aforesaid). To have and to hold the Rectory aforesaid, and all and singuhii', dtlu'i- the premises, wit h the appurlcuances (except before excepted) to the aforesaid William, and his assigns, from the F'ca.st iif St. ^richacl tlu- Archangel then last past, unto the end and term of 33 21 years thence next following, and fully to be complete, Yielding therefore yearly to the said late King, his heirs and successors, 31 pounds, 6 shillings, and 10 pence, of good and lawful money of England, at the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangel, or within one month after either of the said Feasts, at the late Court of Augmentations of the Revenues of the Crown of the said late Kino-, by equal portions to be paid during the term aforesaid, as by the said indenture, amongst other things more at large, it doth and may appear. And whereas, further, the late King Edward the Sixth, brother to our said Sovereign Lady the Queen, by his Letters Patent under the Great Seal of England, bearing date at Westminster the First day of April, in the Fifth year of His Most Gracious Eeign of his special grace, certain knowledge and free pleasure, has demised, granted, and to farm, letten to his well-beloved William Bilmore, Gent., all the aforesaid Rectory of Chirburv, and the aforesaid Tenths, Oblations, and all and singular other the premises before expressed and specified, and to the aforesaid William Snowball hy the indenture aforesaid, demised and granted with the appurtenances (except and alwaj^s reserved to the said late King Edward the Sixth, his heirs and successors), all great trees and woods growing and being in and upon the said premises, and the advowson of the Vicarage of the Parish Church of Cliirbury aforesaid. To have and to hold the aforesaid Rector}', Tenths, Tithes, Oblations, and all and singular the premises before expressed and specified, with the appurtenances (except before excepted), to the aforesaid William Bilmore, his executors and assigns, from the end of the said term of 21 years in the indenture aforesaid expressed and specified, or from the time that the said term of the indenture aforesaid by forfeiture or surrender, or any other means, should happen to be expired or determined unto the end of the term and during the term of 21 years then next following and fully to be complete. Yielding, therefore, yearly to the said late King, his heirs and successors, £31 6s. lOd. of good and lawful money of England, at the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and St. Michael the Arch- angel, or within one month after either of the said Feasts, to the hand of the Bailiffs or Receivers of the premises of the time being, by equal portions, paying during the term aforesaid, as by the said Letters Patents of the said late King Edward the Sixth, among other things, more at large it doth and may appear. And whereas also our said Sovereign Lady the Queen's Majesty, 34 that now is by Her graciovis Letters Patents, under the Great Seal of England, bearing date the 28th day of January, in the 11th year of her most gracious Reign, for and in consideration of the same expressed, and for and in con- sideration of the sum of £32 Is. Od. of lawful English money, to her Majesty's use, by Thomas Kelton, gent., paid to the receipt of her Majesty's Exchequer, and, for other considerations, her Majesty especially moving, did demise, grant, and to farm let to the aforesaid Thomas Kelton, all those tenths, tythes of corn, hay, and grain, yearly and from time to time coming, growing, and renewing within the town and fields of Albrighton, in Her Majesty's County of Salop, of the annual rent of 33 shillings 4 pence, and all those small tenths in Castle Foregate, in the county aforesaid, then or late in the tenure or occupation of Arthur Kelton, or his assigns, of the annual rent of 8 shillings, and all Her Highness's tythes of wool and lamb and all other tythes appertaining to the said late College of Saint Mary, in the Town of Salop, aforesaid, then or late in the tenure or occupation of Eichard Mytton, Esqre., or his assigns of the yearly rent of 5 pounds 2 shillings, and divers other lands of Her IMajesty's land belonging to the Deanery, the portions there, that is, to wit, certain lands in Astley, within the county aforesaid, then or late in the tenure or occupation of Richard Bannister or his assigns, of the yearly i-ent of £2 ; and certain hinds there, then or late in the tenure or occupation of Lawrence Hussey, of the yearly rent of 15 pence, and one free rent of 8 pence, there, then, or late paid by John Browne ; and one free rent of 12d., tlien or late paid by William Maddocke, and one free rent of 12d., then or late paid by William Vicars ; and also certain her Highness's lands, sometimes Richard Burton's, then or late in the tenure or occupation of Richard Bromley, of the yearly rent of 1 (3 pence ; and certain her Highness's lands in Astley aforesaid, then or lato in the tenure or occupation of Robei't Bentlee, of the annual rent of 2 shillings; and also certain lier Majesty's land, sometimes Russel's, tlien or late in the tenure or occupation of Thomas Parker or his assigns, of the yearly rent of 12d. ; and one free rent of her Higlmess of 12 pence, then or late by Richard Bannister paid; and certain of lier Majesty's lands in Sansaw, in tlie county aforesaid, then or late in the tenure of Richard Russell, of the annual rent of 8 shillings, and all tliose profits frnin tiiiK^ to time coming or renewing of the spiritual jurisdiction to the said late College of St. Mary's, in tlie town oF Salop aforesaid [])elonging] rented at tlic ainnial rent of £1 (is. 8d. ; and all those profits growing 35 or renewing of the Easter Book, there rented at £2 5.s. ll^d. ; all and singular which premises are parcel of the possessions of the late College of St. Mary's, in the town of Salop aforesaid, and all and singular her Highness's profits and commodities, advantages, emoluments, and heredita- ments of our Sovereign Lady the Queen whatsoever to the aforesaid premises, or any of them, for the several revenues (rents) above specified in anywise belonging or appertaining or as member, part, or parcel of them, or any of them, for the said rent then before demised, set, used, occupied or known (except and always reserved to Our Sovereign Lady the Queen, her heirs, and successors, all great trees, woods, and underwoods, mines and quarries growing and being in and upon the premises) To have and to hold all and singular the premises before by the said Letters Patents last mentioned, with their rights, members, and appurtenances whatsoever (except before excepted) to the aforesaid Thomas Kelton, his executors and assigns, from the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel last past, before the day of the date of the said Letters Patents unto the end of the said term of 21 years then next following and fully to be compleat. Yielding therefore yearly to her Highness, her heirs and successors, £11 15s. 9^d. of good and lawful money of England at the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangel, at the receipt of her Majesty's Exchequer at Westminster, or to the hands of the Bailiffs or Receivers of the premises for the time being by equal portions, to be paid during the said term as by the said Letters Patent last-mentioned, amongst other things, more at large it doth and may appear : Now our said Sovereign Lady the Queen's Majesty, as well for the advancement and better maintenance of the Grammar School hereafter mentioned as for the maintenance of the ser^dce of God within the Chapels of Cliffe and Astley, in the said County of Salop, of her special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion hath given and granted, and by these presents doth fully and clearly give and grant unto the said Bailiffs and Burgesses, and to their successors, the reversion of the said Rectory of Chirbury aforesaid, and all the reversion and reversions of all tythes, oblations and all and singular other their premises before mentioned to be demised to the said William Bilmore by the said late King Edward the Sixth, with all and singular their rights, members, and appurtenances ; and also the Rectory and Parsonage of Chirbury aforesaid, and all glebe, tythes, profits, and commodities to the same belonging or appertaining or accepted, reputed or 36 taken as part, parcel, or member thereof, with all and singular the ajipur- teuances. And also the advowson and right of patronage of the Vicarage of Chii-bmy, in the said Count}* of Salop, and the reversion and reversions of all tythes, garbes, glebes, grain, hay, oblations, profits, and all other the premises before mentioned to be demised to the said Thomas Kelton ; and also all tj'thes, oblations, rents, profits, commodities, and hereditaments by the said Letters Patents demised as is aforesaid, with all and singular their appurtenances ; and also all manner of tythes, oblations, and obventions of whatsoever kind they be, from time to time, for ever hereafter growing, coming or renewing, or being in the towns, fields, pastures, and hamlets of Frankwell, Betton, AVoodcott, Horton, Bicton, Callcot, Shelton, Whitley, and "Welbach, in the said County of Salop, late unto the College of St. Chad, in the said County of Salop, now dissolved, belonging or appertaining, and parcels of the possessions thereof being, and the reversion and reversions whatsoever of all and singular the premises, and every parcel thereof ; and also the rents and yearly profits whatsoever reserved upon, whatso- ever demises or grants of the premises, or of any parcel thereof ; and all the woods and underwoods standing or growing in or upon the premises or any part thereof, and the ground and soil of the same woods and under- woods ; and also all those lands called Provender Lands in Shelton aforesaid, for the yearly rent, which is paid 3s. 4d., and the reversion of the same land last mentioned, together with the said yearly rent of ;3s. 4d. paid for the same. To have and to hold all and singular the premises, with the appurtenances, to the said Bailiffs and Burgesses, and their successors for ever as of the Manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, by fealty only in free soccage and not in chief. Yielding and paying, therefore, yearly to our said Sovereign Lady the Queen's Majestie, her heirs and successors, the yearly rent of £10 12s. 3d. of lawful money of England, at the Keast of St. Michael the Archangel, to tlic hands of the Receiver-General of the said county of Salop, for the time being. And if it fortune the said yearly rent, or any part thereof to be behind, and unpaid by the space of six months next after the said feast on which the same ought to be paid, that theii and from thenceforth it shall and may be lawful to and for our said Sovereign Lady the Queen, her heirs and successors, into the said Rectory, and all other the premises to enter, and tlic sann' to liave again and retain until all arid every the arrears of the said yearly rent be fully satisfied, contented, and paid to 37 our said Sovereign Lady, lier heirs and successors. And the said Buihft's and Burgesses, in consideration of the premises, for them and their successors, do covenant and grant to and with our said Sovereign Lady, her heirs and successors, by these presents, that they shall and will, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, well and truly pay, or cause to be paid, unto the Archdeacon of Salop, for Synodals and Procurations, the sum of £1 8s. 2d. yearly, which is going out of the Church of Chirbury, and of the same shall discharge and save harmless our said Sovereign Lady the Queen, her heirs and successors. And also shall well and truly content and pay a yearly and perpetual pension or stipend of £9 6s. 8d. to the Vicar of Chirbury, and his successors, due to the said Vicar and his successors, by a composition real out of the said Parish Church of Chirbury ; and also a yearly and perpetual pension to the Bishop of Hereford and his successors, of £1 1.5s. 6Jd. yearlv, wherewith the said Rectory hath been charged ; and of the said annuities and pensions, and of every part and parcel thereof, shall acquit and discharge and save harmless our said Sovereign Lady the Queen's Majesty, her heirs and successors, from time to time, during so long time as the same shall be due to be paid. And further the said Bailiffs and Burgesses, for them and their successors, do covenant and grant to and with our said Sovereign Lady the Queen's Majesty, that now is, her heirs and successors, that from the end and expiration or determination of the said lease or grant of the said Parsonage or Rectory of Chirbury, made to the said William Bilmore, they, and every of them, shall and will employ of the profits of the said Parsonage towards the maintenance of Divine Service to be had in the Chapel of Cliffe, in the said County of Salop, 5 pounds of lawful money of England. And other 5 pounds of like lawful money of England shall likewise employ and bestow for the maintenance of Divine Service in the Chapel of Astley in the County of Salop. And also the said Bailiffs and their successors shall and will discharge and save harmless our said Sovereign Lady the Queen, her heirs and succes- sors, of and from the yearly stipend of £13 6s. 8d., paid yearly to the Vicar of St. Mary's, in the County of Salop. And also of and from the yearly stipend of £6 13s. 4d. assigned to the maintenance of a Priest in the said Parish Church of St. Mary's. And further, the said Bailiffs and Burgesses, for them and their successors, do covenant and grant to and with our said Sovereign Lady the Queen, her heirs and successors, that they and their successors shall and will employ and bestow for the better maintenance of the 450721 38 Free Grammar School witliiii the Town of Salop founded by the late King Edward the Sixth, all the residues of the revenues and profits of the said Rectory and other the premises which shall remain over, and besides so much as shall satisfy the rent reserved by these presents, and other the paATuents before covenanted to be made, according to such Orders and Constitutions as shall be taken in that behalf by Thomas Ashton, Clerk, now Schoolmaster of the said Grammar School. And if he die before any Orders or Constitutions be made by him in that behalf, then, according to such Orders and Constitutions as shall be taken therein by the Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield, and the Dean of Litchfield, for the time being, in that behalf. And that they, the said Bailiffs and Burgesses, and their successors, shall likewise stand to perform and fulfill such rules, orders, and constitutions as shall be taken by the said Thomas Ashton, Clerk, touching the placing and ordering of such as shall serve in the Ministry in the Parish of St. Mary's, and for and concerning the ordering and emplojonent of the stipend and salary to be paid and bestowed upon such as shall serve the Ministry in the same Church. And if the said Thomas Ashton do die before any orders and constitutions made in that behalf, then, according to such rules, orders, and constitutions as shall be taken therein by the said Bishop and Dean for the time being. Provided always, that if the said Bailiffs and Burgesses do not well and truly accom- plish the covenants and intents in these presents expressed That then it shall and may be lawful to and for our said Sovereign Lady the Queen, her heirs and successors, into all and singular the premises to enter, and the same to have and receive and retain, until the covenants and intents aforesaid shall be duly satisfied, performed, supplied, or accomplished, for that express mention of the premises, or of any of them, or of any other gift or grant made by Us or our Progenitors to the said Bailiffs and Burgesses of the town of Salop, or any of them, before this time made in these presents, is not made in any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Provision, Proclamation, (u- Restraint to the contrary thereof had made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any other matter, cause or thing whatsoever to tlic contrary in anywise notwithstanding. In Witness whereof to the one ])ai't of tliis indenture remaining with tlic said Bailiffs and Burgesses of the town of Salop, our Sovereign Lady the Queen hath caused liei- Great Seal of England to l)e put. And to the othci- iiart of this Indenture remaining with oui' said Sovereign 39 Lady the Queen, the said Bailiffs and Burgesses have put their Common Seal the day and year first above- written." This grant, as may be seen, provided for tlie advancement of tlie Hcliool, and the maintenance of divine service at Cliffe and Astley, the reversion of the rectory and of the advowson of the vicarage of Chirbury, late belonging to the dissolved Priory there, with all tithe of corn and hay in Wilmington, Wooderton, Stockton, Chirbury, Winsbnry, Dudston, Walcote, Hockleton, Priest "Weston, Marington, Tymbredth, Rorington ;* and of the tithes of corn, hay and grain of the town and fields of Albrighton [£1 13s. 4d.], the small tithes in Castle Foregate [8s.], tithe of wool and lamb and all other tithes belonging to the late College of St. Mary lately held by Richard Mytton [£5 2s.], parcels of land belonging to the late deanery in Astley [lis. 3d.], and Sansaw [8s.], profits of the spiritual jurisdiction of St. Mary's College [£1 6s. 8d.], and profits of the Easter Book* [£2 5s. ll^d.], all the seven last particulars having belonged to St. Mary's. The Queen's Grant then adds, without any notice that they had been granted before, the tithes which had belonged to St. Chad's, and were included in her brother's Charter, also those lands called Provender Lands in Shelton, probably prebendal lands [3s. 4d.] In return the Corporation engages to pay the Crown a rent of £10 12s. 3d., and to discharge the synodals and procurations for Chirbury, providing a pension for the bishop, the salaries of the vicars of Chirbury and St. Mary, and the curates of Clive and Astley, and paying all the residue for the better maintenance of the School, according to such orders as shall be made by Mr. Ashton (or, in case of his previous death, by the Bishop and Dean of Lichfield), and likewise to fulfil such orders as he shall make concerning the duties and offices and salary of such as shall serve in the ministry of St. Mary. In soliciting an increase of revenue Mr. Ashton served no interest of his own. He had ceased to have any official connexion with the School in 1568, having then resigned the office of Head-master, in order to undertake at the * This rectory and tithes had been leased by Henry VIII to William Snowball, one of his household, 24th March, 1536-7, for 21 years, and by Edward VI to William Bilniore, gent, April 1st, 1551, for 21 years more from the expiration or surrender of the former lease. + The sums within brackets are the reserved rents in Queen Elizabeth's lease to Kelton. J It could scarcely be credited, if the proofs were not innumerable, that any statesman should put up to sale the contributions of parishioners to their parish priest. This Master Book was what is now called Easter Otterings. 40 request of "Walter, Earl of Essex, tlie superintendence of his liouseliold at Cliartley, and the education of his infant son during his own compulsory absence in Ireland. He also seems to have been employed in some concerns of a more public description, the nature of which does not appear. In a letter to the Bailiffs, Oct. 27tli, 157o, written from Chartley, and expressing his desire to be discharged from any further care about the School, he says, "My Lord's affairs, and my Lady's case is such that I cannot satisfy your request with my presence," and adds that "he was. entangled and tyed now by the Prince more streightlv." Bv " Prince," in the language of that dav was intended the Queen. The formation of the Ordinances, however, took up a long time, and obliged him to address the successive Bailiffs in repeated letters, minutes of which are still remaining. And the first dispute between them arose upon the subject of emplojang a part of the surplus revenue, the whole of which was, by both Charters, to be confined to the Schools, in redeeming tolls, and relieving of poor aititicers. The jjroposal for thus diverting the funds to purposes foreign from their original design jirocceded, not, as might have been expected, from the Corporation, but from Mr. Ashton himself, and was so streniiousl}' opposed by the Municipal body, that he was obliged to acquiesce in the a])propriation of the whole to the service of education. For this there was every need. iVo extensive correction of inveterate abuses ever yet took place without the pro(hiction of much countei'vailiug evil; and even the Refoi-mation of religion, indispensable and important as it was, brought with it the excitement of many malignant passions, scandalous rapacity, and, for the time, a signal declension of learning. While Abbe^-s stood and Bishops enjoyed unmutilated their princely revenues, many poor scholars were kept at iIk' Universities l)y their means. The laity, too, were not wanting in tliis species of liberality; but tlie Dissolution cut it all up by the roots, and l;at inun-, a witness in this case above all exception, compUiins in his first sermon before King Edward, that "Universities do wonderously decay already;" and in anotlier, that whereas " in times j^ast when any rich man died in London they were wont to helj) the poore scholers of the Universities with exhibition, now charitie is waxen eolilc, and noni' hclpri h I he scholcr ; " and our woiilil almost iniagine tliat Mr. Ashton's })roposal just mentioned was a iiu'ii' feint to ensure 41 a maintenance for the promotion of letters, for, upon tlie objoctious being stated by the Corporation, he replies at once (Feb. 20th, 1573) : " I reserve the surplusage to have provision made in either University for such your children as shall come out of the School thither. For you see now how the poor are forced to give over their learning and study, for that they can have no place in neither University in any College." The following is the full letter, and is peculiarly interesting giving as it does much information as to the early difficulties of the School : — " To the right Worshipful the Bailiffs, Aldermen, and Common Council of the Town of Shrewsbury. Feb. 20th, 1.573. " "Where your Worships hath requested me to alter the Orders for the Assistant and to place a second Schoolmaster who may have yearly for these Six Years Sixteen Pounds, without Respect of a dead Stock for the School, the use whereof the poor Artificers of the Town should have had, I have agreed to your request, and as time will serve have satisfied the same. If you like of it you may engross it and annex it to the former Schedules. If you mislike it, correct as you think good. I will set my hand unto it as most of you shall agree thereupon. My life is short and therefore I would it were done out of Hand. Yet as my Duty requireth I will give you some Reason of my doing. Seeing your minds be to have the School's Money to serve only the School's use (Howsoever pity moved me to applj^ it otherwise) I have now done the same, yet reserving a Surplusage still, first, to the use of the School to be first served; after, as it will appear by the Orders. I reserve the Surplusage to this end, to have provision made in either University for such your Children as shall come out of the same School thither : for you see now how the poor are forced to give over their Learning and Study, for that they can have no place in neither University, in any College, in Default neither the Shire nor the School aforetime hath made provision therefore. Seeing then you will have all applied to the School use, I agree thereto and have made Surplusage first, to serve that use, neither have disannulled the Orders in the Schedules before (that only excepted of the Assistant), but reserved them to the time when the Schoolmasters are all first discharged. My reason I make or would make so large a Surplusage is this. I think all that may arise of the School's Rent is too much to go to the Salaries of the three 42 Sclioolmasters, and tlie Reparations of tlie School, for if one Schoolmaster have in the end £40, another £20, the third £10, I think no School in England hath a Salary exceeding this. And seeing we exceed others. Let us know when we be well. The principal care then is to make provision for those which shall go out of this School, for their further Learning and Study, and if the Town be benefited by the School, should not the children rejoice to help their Fathers ? And now for the dead Stock of the School of £200 this is my reason. You know that the School is old and inclining to Ruin, also casualty of Fire may happen. The Stock is ever ready without hindering the Town to build a new School. Yet this was not only my reason, which now I will declare unto you. I have considered many times with myself in what an Evil Place the School doth stand in, as also for that they cannot have access thither but that it must be by the Prisoners, whereby great Inconvenience cometh. My meaning therefore was in time to have bought that plot of ground S'' Andrew Corbett hath on the other side of the Street, and to have builded a fair School there with the dead Stock of the School, and to have had a Door through the Town Walls, and Stairs or Steps with great Stones down to Severn, &c. " Thomas Asheton."* From the concluding part of the letter it will be seen that Mr. Ashton was dissatisfied with the situation of the School on account of its vicinity to the County Gaol, and wished to erect a new building apparently on the opposite piece of ground at the east end of where St. Nicholas's Chapel stood. This design was never executed and the School continued to be annoyed by the neighbourliood of the Gaol, indeed in this respect the School was very unfortunate. The County Gaol was built just below the School buildings between the two Castle Gates, whilst the Town Bridewell was the upper Castle Gate which stood at right angles to the School Chapel across the street. This was also called tlie Burgess Gate, and (ho following extracts from our ^I.S. History will be of interest: — "1579-80. — 'i'liis yeare and the same moonthe the Castell Gate in Shrcwsberie to saye the Burgis Gate there was new repayrd w"" stoane • Printed in the Report of tlio Commissioners on Public Schools. 43 woorcke verey bewtyfull, to saye, tlio froont tlierof towards the towne w"" tlie queenes m'° armes and the townes armes." *' 1588-9. — This yeare, and the 22nd of Januarii being "Wensday, and in the night the prissoners of the Castell geole in Shreusburie foande meanes to unfasten their boltes and lynckes and were at libertie in tlie prison who hud pullyd downe sertene stone of the wall towards the scoole house." This attempt at escape was futile inasmuch as the height of the School Grounds were considerably more than the cells. Singular to relate when a new County Gaol was built in 170-j, a site contiguous to the Schools was again chosen, and the Gaol was a source of constant annoyance until the present one, which was commenced in 1787 and finished in 1793, was completed. We can only measure the amount of annoyance that the Gaol caused Mr. Ashton if we remember what kind of buildings were used for prisons, and how these were conducted before the days of Howard. There were open railings in front through which every one could be seen, and the youths of a city found endless diversion in badgering the inmates. Constables were few and very far between, and literally hardly more efficient than the watch that waited on Dogberry. Besides which, the amusement that prisoners afforded a rising generation was supposed to have an elevating influence, and to deter them from evil ways. We can well understand how a scholar and a refined gentleman regarded the proximity of a prison. From a subsequent letter it appears that he was much displeased at the apathy displayed by the Corporation respecting the final settlement of the revenue, and suspected that some interested individuals were endeavouring to appropriate it to their own emolument. "Before God," says he, "if you look not better to it, I will alter all anew. My credit is not so much lost, but, if it be thought I have done what I can, and by law am barred to go any further, and, by that is done, some holes be espied to creep in at, to make a spoil, I will work upon my credit what I can to prevent it, what- soever it cost me. It shall but make me take such livings which now are offered, to bear the charges thereof, and to give them over when I have done." In 1576 he repeats his complaints of the delay in engrossing the 44 ordinances. " I kno-n- not what meaning may be in some to the overthrow of the School thereby: but this I promise, before it shall be anj- longer deferi'ed, seeing the thing now stands as undone, I will take a new course, both to defeat the purpose of those ill-meaners, and establish the thing more surely for learning, though less beneficial for the town hereafter." This was the lUth of Mar, on the 22nd of the same month he Avrites in a different tone; " having found their reddiness to work all to the best," and promises, in the folloAving month to come down, after he "had spoke once again with her ^Majesty." An expression proving the access which he enjoyed to the royal presence. A letter from Mr. Ashton to the Bailiffs after the completion of the Ordinances may with propriety be introduced in this place. It evinces the pious and humble character of the man, and proves that he did not obtrude any regulations of his own, but took the best advice that was to be had upon the occasion. " Right AVorshipfull, when that chardge of yo'' schole yo" trusted me w'hall, 1 upon iust consideracon, forced w"' sykenes, comitted the same againc, to be perfected, to worshipfull wise learned discrete personages, whose credytt and iudgement might both wynne to the mater more maiestie and p'cure yt more credit then yt ever could have had by myne owne pi'ivate doing : and perusing ther travailes therein fynd yt so substanciallie gone throughe w'hall, that I have iust cause geaven me to lyke and allowe of the same. I do both signifie unto yo" my good lykyng of ther labours and also most earnestlie do wische yo" to consent to the same, that the tiling w"' all speede may have his perfection. Ami tliinkc and persuade y'' selft'e this that yt was the good providence of God w* maide yo" committ the credit of suche a mater to a weake person at the fiirst, whos pui-posed power shuld geave streinght to the same at the last. And so lastlie 1 leave yo" ever to be gyded w"" God's most holie spritt in all yo"' affaires, that all faction sett apart, yo" loke w"' a synglc e3'^e to yo' gou'i-nient, that, God's wratlie pacified, yo" may enioyc the fruites of jilesscd coiicdnlc w"' great contcntncidn of niyiid in this world; and the ])articipacon of imnioi-talitie promised in an ollici' world I'oi' whicli 1 continew dailie ])raing w"' all fcrvencye of sjjii'it vnto (U'atli, that (loil may geave yo" the spirit of wisdonic in all knowleadge of liiin scHt'e, and 45 liglitliten the eyes of yo' mynd to see the hope yo" are called vnto, and to see the exceedyng riches of the inheritance provided for the sancts. ffare yon well, fro' kerston (or Euston) the xv of May, 1577. Yo'^ as ever, Thomas Ashetox." To the right worshipfull Mr. John Dawes and ]\Ir. Richard Owen, Balieffes of Shroisburye, to the Aldermen and comon Consell of the same. Endorsed in a different hand : — I pray you good Baylifs kepe this well and safe yt of weight. The Ordinances were accepted by the Corporation by an indenture tripartite of 11th Feb., 20 EHz., 1577-8, between the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield of the first part, the Bailiffs and Burgesses of the town of the second, and the Master, Fellows, and Scholars of St. John's College, Cambridge, Mr. Ashton late head-master and Thomas Lawrence their head- master, of the third. They were to be read publicly in the ToAvn Hall yearly on the anniversary of Queen Elizabeth's accession. They were repealed by Act of Parliament in 1798, but it is thought desirable to print the heads of each as extracted from the Blade Book of St. John's College, pub. by Professor Maj^or in his Baker's Eistorij of that College, p. 407, 409. There is no certain guage for arriving at the comparative value of money in the present day and when the Ordinances were issued, but £40 certainly seems a liberal sum if we consider that the revenues of Haughmond Abbey at the time of the dissolution were only £294 when Thomas Corvesor, the last Abbot surrendered with his ten canons ; and the great possessions of Wenlock were only estimated at a little over £400 a-year. The retiring allowance of an Abbot was generally such a sum as the schoolmaster received if he surren- dered his dignities and estates with becoming grace, and we see that the incumbent of St. Mary's Church in Shrewsbury only received half as much. 46 SCHOOL ORDINANCES. 1. After the expiration of the lease of Chirbury rectory, there shall be three masters in the School ; the principal with a salary of £iO ; the second with a salary of £30 ; the third with a salary of £20. 2. There shall be ' an accidens schoole' for young beginners, kept under or near the grammar school, the teacher of which shall receive £10. These salaries may be diminished, if the revenues are insufficient. 3. A bailiff to receive the rents at a stipend of £i ; David Longdon to be the first bailiff, and to give a bond of £300 to the town. 4. On Xov. 16 the bailiff shall give in his accounts before tlie town bailiffs and the head master in the town e.xchequer, and the town clerk shall register the account in a book kept for ever in the exchequer for that purpose alone, and the master shall give an account of the money received by him for the scholars' admittance; this account also to be registered by the town clerk, who shall receive 20s. for his pains. 0. Xov. 17 in the afternoon the statute.'! and accounts shall be read by the town clerk before the bailiffs, aldermen and common council, and the bailiffs shall have 20s. allowed them 'towards a Bankett vpon the schooles charges, callinge sutche vnto theme as they thinke good.' 6. The surplusage of the revenues shall be kept in a chest in the town exchequer, as ' the stocke remanent for the said free grammer schoole.' 7. The chest to have four locks ; the 4 keys to be kept, one by the bailiils, one by the senior alderman, one by the schoolmaster, one by the senior common councilman. 8. Out of the stock remanent shall be defrayed the charges for repairs of the school and master's lodging, all travelling and law expenses and other necessary expenses allowed by the bailiffs and schoolmaster, the whole amount to be taken at one time out of the stock remanent not to exceed £10, without the consent of S. John's college. 9. Tlie stock remanent first to go to make sufficient buildings for the two masters within the court of the school ; the lodgings under the school where Mr. Atkys now dwelleth to belong to the third master for ever ; the master of the ' accidens ' school to have one of the chambers under the school, unless he will provide for liimself otherwise. Afterwards there shall be built 'a library and gallerie for the said schoole, furnished with all manner of books, mappes, spheres, instruments of Astronomye and all otiier things appertcyningo to learninge, wliicii may be eyther geven to the schoole or procured with the schoole money.' 10. A sum not exceeding £5 yearly shall be delivered for repairs to the collector of the school rents, at the discretion of the schoolmaster and town bailiils ; the collector to render an account at the next audit. 11. After the above buildings are completed, a house shall be provided within the county for the masters and scholars to resort to in time of plague ; and any master refusing to teach there, .shall be debarred of his wages for the time of his absence. 47 12. After these buildings are completed, when the stock shall amount to £100 or more land shall be bought sufficient for founding 2 fellowships and 2 scholarships in St. John's College, for scholars from the school, at the rate of 12d. a week for every scholarship, 2s. for every fellowship, with preference (1) to natives of Shrewsbury, or (2) of its suburbs and the Abbey Foregate, being legitimate sons of burgesses if they shall be found meet, (3) to boys born within the franchises of Shrewsbury, (4) to natives of Chirbury, (5) to natives of the county of Salop. The scholars to bo elected by the college, and to bring letters from tlie bailiffs and head master, certifying that they are sons of burgesses or otherwise qualiiied. ' The godliest, poorest and best learned ' to be preferred. 13. After the above foundation is completed, the stock remanent to be employed for the foundation of scholarships and fellowships in either university, as the bailiffs and master shall think good. 14. The bailiffs, with the assent of the master, shall grant leases to such as will pay the highest rent ; the counterpayne of the indentures bearing the master's seal and signature as well as the town seal ; no lease to be for a longer term than 2 1 years to begin from the day of the lease or from the expiration of the lease then in being, such expiration being not more than one year from the day of the lease. 15. Every lease to contain a clause of re-entry for non-payment of rent; rents to be reserved within 20 days of the times appointed for the payment thereof ; every lease to be bound with sufficient sureties, as to the bailiffs and schoolmaster, or to any two of them, of whom the schoolmaster to be one, shall appear convenient with the advice of learned counsel. IG. The bailiffs shall yearly, upon taking their oaths for the discharge of their office, take an oath for the true execution of these ordinances respecting leases and expenditure, at which time the schoolmaster shall be always present, unless hindered by sickness or other urgent cause. 17. The curate of S. Mary's shall be such a fit man as hath been brought up in the school and a graduate, being a burgess' son, or in default, a native of Chirbury, or in default any of like sufficiency ; the election to rest with the bailiffs and schoolmaster. Curate's stipend £20. The schoolmaster to 'be sworne to graunte his voice frelie to hym that he thinketh moste worthye withoute eyther rewarde, briberie or other covine fraude or deceit whatsoeuer.' 18. The curate not to be absent more than one month in the year, except on account of sickness or urgent business which the bailiffs and master shall think cause sufficient of his absence ; he shall provide a sufficient deputy at such times. 19. The curate shall not be a common gamester or haunter of taverns or ale houses or other suspect houses, nor shall he be of any other known vice. 20. For non-residence the curate shall be expelled forthwith by the bailiffs and master ; for any other fault after three admonitions. The same rules to be observed in regard to tlie vicar of Chirbury, to wliich place a native shall always be preferred. 48 21. These ordinances to be interpreted by the recorder of the town, Tlio. A&hton during his life, and two lawj-crs noruiuated by the bailifls and master. To tliese Ordinances are appended others called Bailiff's Ordinances T\liicli contain much of interest, giving a close insight into the internal management of the School, and quaint particulars of School life. BAILIFF'S ORDIKANCES. 1. 'No schoohna&ter .shall kepe any alehouses, tavernes or houses of gamenings or other vntliriftynes or evell rule.' 2. On the death or departure of a master, liis wife and family shall depart quietly within a quarter of a year. 3. The master at his election shall be M.A. of two years' standing at least, 'well able to make a latten vearse and learned in the greke tongue.' 4. The second master sliall be JM.A. and 'well able' [as above]. 5. The third master shall be J>.A. at least, and 'well able to make a latten verse, and of sutclie sufficient learninge as that place requyreth.' C. The masters ' shall not be common gamesters, nor common haunters of tavernes or alehouses or other susspect liouscs or places of evell rule or of other knowne vice at tlie tynie they l)e elected. ..nor at any other tymc after, neither shall they or any of theme duringe the lime they or any of them... sliall supplie that place... take the charge or Cure of preachinge or niynisterie in tlie Churche, neither practise pliisick or any other arte or profession whereby his service in tlie schoole shoulde be hindered.' 7. When a mastersliip is vacant, the remaining master shall give notice of the vacancy to the bailifls, who with the advice of the bp. of Lichfield have the appointment by letters patent of Edw. VI. Within 20 days after receipt of .such notice the bailifls shall advertise S. John's College of the avoidance, requesting the college to elect and send to tlicm an able meet and apt man, with a testimony to his conversation sealed with tJK^ collcgi; seal : The college to elect (1) natives of Shrewsbury, legitimate sons of burgesses and bred in the school ; (2) legitimate sons of burgesses born within the liberties of the town or in the Abbey foregate and bred in the school ; or (3) natives of the county, bred in the school, with a preference to natives of Chirbury ; or (4) natives of any other county, with a preference to scholars of the school, ' yf any sutche be thoughte wditliic of the place.' 8. The master newly elected to be swcjrn liy tlie bp. of Lichliclil to the statutes of the realm in that case jirovided, and to bring to the bailill's a testimony under tln^ Bishoji's seal ; then the bailifls, if they think well of him, shall allow him ; if for n-asonabh; cause they mislike him, they shall certify the cause of their mislike to the college, which shall proceed to a new election. 49 9. Every master before his aclmission sliall take an oath Ijefore the Ijailifls in the town exchequer. The head-master shall swear to keep a true register of all scholars admitted and make a just account of the audit of all sums received for their entrance ; he shall also swear that when any lease is to be set, he will give his voice to such as will give most yearly rent, without favour or fraud. 10. The 2nd and 3rd masters shall swear not to detain any part of tl>e entrance money, nor to admit or expel any scholar without the head-master's consent. 11. All the masters shall swear not to ' proloyne, steall, convey, carrie awaie, geve, lende or by any meanes defraude or spoil the said schoole or any the buyldings he\on lias l)e('ii superintending inside says : — 55 " Wife come in, why stands tliou there 1 Thou wert ever frowarde I dare well swear, Conio in on (Jod's name — half time it were For fear lest that we drowne." The sons of Noah then endeavour to persuade her in, but with fine irony the daughters-in-law are silent. The indifference of the outside world to the danger that was imminent is told in " the good Grosipps songe " — The flood comes flitting in full faste On every side that spreads full far ; For fear of drownings I am agaste. Goode gossips let us all draw near. An let us drinke ere we departe, Fur oft times have we done soe. For att a draughte then drinks a quarte. And so will I doe ere I goe ; Here is a pottel full of Malmsine good and stronge It will rejoice both harte and tonge, Though noye think us never so long Heare we will drinke alike. Shrewsbury allusions occur in the plays and so also do Chester references, showing that the same dramas were represented in both places. But it is certain that good Mr. Ashton never revised the play called the " Slaughter of the Innocents," which forms part of a curious collection before me. He would indeed have wished good speed to the second of the three women who form important characters in the play, and who says to the "primus miles" — " Be thou so hardye I thee beliee To handle my ' sonne that is so sweetc ' This distaffe, and thy head shall meet Or we hense go." But his even temper would have been sorely tried to hear the actresses called 'primus mulier, secundus mulier, and tertius mulier.' Often the scenery would appear to have been enterprising in character, thus we find among the working expenses of the company the following : " Item, payd for mendyng hell mouth ijd. Item, payd for keepyng of fyer at hell mothe iiijd. Item, payd for settying the world of fyer vd." 56 Tlie plays in Shrewsbury were held in a piece of waste ground which lay outside the walls and now called The Quarry. This was planted with forest trees in 1719, and it has since then been used as a place of public resort, and from the noble avenues of limes, and its charming river scenery it has now l)ecome one of the most beautiful public parks in the kingdom. In old days the place was used by the inhabitants for manly sports such as wrestling, tilting, &c., and on the noi'th-west side may even now be traced (although so much of the ground has been built upon), the remains of a rural amphitheatre on which ascending seats were cut in the bank. As Archdeacon Owen writes in his History of Shrewsburj^ : " On this spot it is probable the Friars of the Augustinian convent entertained the Salopians with those ancient sacred dramas called Mysteries or Whitsun Plays for which the religious of Coventry and Chester were so celebrated." In the School Library is a M.S. "Arms of the Baihffs of the Town," beginning 1372, by Robert Owen,* and if this can be relied on, one of these representations was given in Queen Mary's reign for lie writes : " 1556. — This yeare the pla}- of St. Julian the Apostate played in the Quarrell. The ])lay called Auct and Magot." It was, however, under Mr. Ashton's superintendence as has been said that the scholars of Shrewsbury School produced the oft ropt>atod spectacle wliich drew so many visitors to the town. No complete or correct list can be given of these performances, 1)ut the following have been obtained from various sources. 15G0-1.— Mr. Aston's first playe upon " The Passion of Christ." (If this is correct Mr. Aston undertook this before he became Head-master of the School). 1563-4. — Mr. Aston's second playe in Shrewsbury. 1565-6. — The play was ".luliau (lie Apostate," and it is rrcordcMl, "Queen Kli/.abctli made progresse as farre as Covculry iiittMuliug for Saloj) to see Mr. Aston's play, but it was ended." • Robert Owen was a f;ontlenmii inob.-ilily <>( tlio family at Sliicwsbmv, Coiulovcr and Whitley, and is siiid to lidvft been " aiitlioiizod bv tin; Court Mar.Hliall of KMf;lanil, a di'putj lirrald of tliis and seviTall other adjacent i'oinitit'8." He died 1632, and liis burial in !St. Cliad's Ke^jister is " Nov. 8. — Kobert Owen, ^'entlenian, an Herald nt Arnics." In a M.S. in lliu lioUleian he is styled "dej)Uty to Clarenceu.x." Many of the arms are very doubt- fully assiKUcd. 57 1567-8. — It is recorded by some that the greate playe of Mr. Ashton's in Salop was this year. The play was " Tlie Passion of Christ." 1568-9. — This year a record appears in the M.S. Chronicle of Shrewsbury: " This yeare at Whytsoontyde was a notable stage playe playeed in Shrosberie in a place there callyd the qnarrell w""** lastid all the holydayes unto the w'"'' cam greate numbers of people of noblemen and others the w'"* was praysed greatlye and the chyff aucter therof was one Master Astoon beinge the head scoolemaster of the freescoole there a godly and lernyd man who tooke marvelous greate paynes therein." That this was an exceptional performance may be gathered from the records of the Corporation, and besides shewing the importance which the municipal authorities attached to them it also indicates the confidence they reposed in the probity of the head master. "1569. — April, 11th Eliz. Agreed y' there shall be geven oute of the treasure of towne ye some of £10 towards tlie maynetenance of the playe at Whitsontide over and above such money a^ shall be levied by all the occu- pacons of the Towne or anye other that will give anye money towardes the same : and farther y' that Mr. Ashton shall declare by his honestie that ther shall be wan tinge of any money rather than y' Mr. A., should ther bye be a looser that then y' money wantinge shall likewis be discharged by y^ towne." An additional proof of the excellence of this year's performances is found in the following extract from the Books of the Drapers' Company : — "Mem. 11th Ehz., 1569. The Company agree that their Bailiffs shall give to Mr. Aston towards setting forth his play at Whitsuntide, £5." Of these performances the poet, Thomas Churchyard, a native of Shrewsbury, gives the following description of the Quarry and its rural theatre as he saw them : — " I had such haste, in hope to be but breefe, That monuments in Churches were forgot, And somewhat more, beliinde the walles as chiefe Where plays have been which is most worthie note. There is a grounde newe made theater wyse. Both deepe and hye, in good lie auncient guise ; 58 \Yhere well may sit, ten thousand men at ease — And yet the one the other not displease. A place belowe, to bayte both bull and beare, For players too, great roume and place at wyll. And in the same a coke-pit wondrous faire, Besides where men may wrestle to theire fill. A grounde most apt, and they that sit above At once in vewe, all this may see for love ; At Aston's playe, who had behelde thys then, Miiiht well have seen there twentie thousand men." One otlier performance is noted in 1574-5, and the Queen again intended to visit Shrewsbury, but hearing the plague was in tlie neighbourhood she chano-ed her route and went to AYorcester. Our M.S. Chronicle briefly records this in the following words : — " 157-i-5. — This yeare the Queene's M"° went a p'greese towarde Shros- bery, but because of deathe w"'in a iiij myles of the same she cam no further the' Lychefilld." Incidental allusions are occasionally made to these performances, but after this time they appear to have lost their special interest, as the following extract from the Exch. M.S., 7 James, 1610, shows, where Richard Higgins of Salop, deposes in Chancery that the Dry Quarry ever was used for stage plays by consent of the Bailiffs. This evidence given only 35 years after the last great performance indicates that the antiquated Mysteries had lost their attraction, and the reason was not far to find. Tlie theatre had reached high prosperity, not only by the genius of Shakespeare, but through the writings of Ben Jonson, Dekker, Llarlow, IMassinger and others. Acting was not only pcipidar at Shrewsbury, but it was made the subject of one of Mr. Ashton's ordinances. Every Thursday the scholars of the highest form before going to their sports were obliged to declaim and ])lay one Act of a Comedy, and in connection with this it is interesting to note that when Dr. Lcgg's j)lay of " Ricardus Tertius " was performed at St. John's (College, Cambridge (1579-80), five of the actors were old Sliiewsbury Boys, and two of them, Richard Harries and Alualiain Kaunce, natives of tlie town. The latter was a barrister in the Court of the Marches of Wales, and John Meighen, who became Head-master in 158.') was also one of l\\v five. 59 The concluding scene of Mr. Asliton's useful life may well be related in the homely phrase of our M.S. chronicler : — " 1577-8. — This yeare and y° xxix* daye of August, beinge frydaye, master Asten, that godly father departid this pressennt lyffe a lytyll besyds Cam- bridge, who before hys deathe cam to Salop and there prechid famously, and dyd fynyshe and scale up indentures to the full accomplyshme't and anuitie of cxxU for the sufficient fyndinge of the scoole masf there in Salop, w"** he of hys greate suyte before was a travelar to the queenes m"° for the augme'tac'on to that anuall porshyon and so fynyshinge all things gyving the sayd towne of Salop a frindly farewell and w'^n a fourteen dayes after dyeed." There is no need of eloquence to set forth the obligations of every true Salopian to this good man. An extract from a letter of a townsman, Thomas Brown, of Shrewsbury, a draper, given in Owen and Blakeway's Shrewsbury, V. i. p. 365, will shew better than anything else the high esteem in which he was held whilst he lived : — "And also there is one Mr. Ashetone head Scolmaster in Shrewsbury, but nowe callyd away, (I trust by God), for the love he bearithe to the right honorable therle of Essex about his matteres, he cane make the state of Shropsher so well known to yo"' Ma"^ as any man that I knowe. He (Mr. Ashton), is a man, God be blessyd for hym, that hatlie donne much good in Shropshier. God graunt he may have the like good successe in that honorable man's affayeres as may be to God's glory, yo"' Ma*'" lionore and his, either in abiding ther where he is or ells in retorninge to his natife cuntry. Amen." " If the formation of pious tempers, and the improvement of the intel- lectual faculties are the greatest benefits, as undoubtedly they are, that can be conferred upon society, he who is the instrument of imparting to youth religious education and sound learning can never fade from grateful recol- lection ; and may justly assume his place in the foremost rank of those who have benefitted mankind. " Quique sui memores alios fecere merendo." CHAPTER YI. Election of Lawkence.^ — Pageants. — End of Laavkexce's Head-Mastekship, 1568—1582-3. H X 'Siv. Asliton's resignation, 1568, Thomas Lawi-ence, M.A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and Second Master under Asliton, and a native, as is believed* of "Wem in this county, was appointed Head-master. He had received a part of his education here; having been the fifth boy on the earliest register, 1562. Under his presidency the School flourished greatly, so that it contained in 1581, 360 scholars, and was even (juoted as a pattern for other institutions of the like nature. For the chapter of Hereford having petitioned Lord Burleigh in 1582, that they might have a free school erected in that city, add, that it shall " serve as commodiously for the training up of the youth of South "Wales, as the School of Shrewsbury doth for the use of North Wales."'*' Though a layman, and as such, church- warden of St. Mary's in 1579, he was by no means indifferent to the ]uirity of the reformed faith: and we have an account, that he, and his colleague Atkys, "uttered their knowledge," Jan. 15th, 1578, at Eyton near Wroxoter, to George Bromley, recorder of Shrewsbury, of certain Papistical superstitions practised by Lady Throgmorton, who received from an outlandish priest, pardon-beads and agnus-deis, and went to Halliwell on St. Winifred's day by night, ami tlici'e hcai-d mass in the night-season."* Under l^aw reiice, jKigeants apparently took the place of the Mystery Plays, ami in the M.S. (jiiotcd hcfoi-c, are several very interesting particulars of such pageants written in the (jiiaint language of llic time. It seems that whenever any great man visited Shrewsbury it was customary for two or more of the principal scholars to make orations on his entry to the town to welcome him. Several of these pageants were held in honour of Sir Henry • Oarbot's History of Wciu. t Stiyi>e'8 Whitgift, 108. X l''''li l'- 82. 61 Sidney, Lord President of the Marches. The principal residence of Sir Henry was at Ludlow Castle. He spent large sums of money npon it, and entertained his numerous guests there, with princely magnificence. Although Ludlow was his chief residence, much of the business of the Marches was transacted at Shrewsbury, and the residence where it was transacted still bears the name of the Council House, nearly opposite the School where his illustrious son. Sir Philip, was educated. " 1572-3. — This yeare at the commyng into Shrewsbery of S' Hany Sydney, Lord Presydent of Wales, from London, there was shott of in a ryaltie 18 chamber peeces at a voyde place nnd' the wyld copp, adjioyninge unto Masf Sherar's house, and also a lyttil from the same at the foote of the wyld copp, was an excellent orac'on made unto hym by one of the scollars of the free scoole there." " 1577. — This yeare and the last day of September, being Tusday, S' Harry Sydney, Lord Presydent of the Marches of Wales, one of the pryvy councell and deputie of Ireland cam into Shrewsbery from the p'ts of Ireland, and brought w"* hym an Irishe Earle, a Lord and the Earles soon and serten other Irishemen beinge enymys to the queenes m" the w'" he tooche in a skirmyshe in Ireland to hys greate honor, before whom, at hys commy'ge into Salop, was made by one of the free scoole an orac'on, and so brought honorably to Mr. Sherar's liowse, beinge as the' one of the baylyffs, and the next day after was requested to bancket in the newe repayryd hall, w"'' place he gave it a name and namyd it the Chamber of Concorde, and so to be namyd for ev' and the next daye after, beinge Thursday, departed towards London." " 1580-1. — This yeare and the xijth daye of February, Sir Harry Sydneye, Lorde President of the Marches of Wales, w"' the counsell cam from Ludlowe to this towne of Salop to keape the tearm here, at whose cominge there were ij orac'ons made unto hym by twoe of the free scoole scollars, w"*" were Master Needams son and heyre and one of Master Justes Bromles soons standi'g botlie upon a scaffolde made at the condit at the Wyld Coppe, before Mr. Roger Harrys dore, to whom the sayde Lorde gave greate prayse." 62 In 1581, a special entertainment was given by the Head-master and the under-masters Barker, Atkys, and Kent, to Sir Henry Sydney on his state visit to Shrewsbury, the particulars of which are thus given. "1581. — This yeare and the xxiijth of Aprell, beinge St. Georgj^s daye, the right honourable S' Henry Sidney, Lord President of the Marches of Wales, beinge of the ipvj\ej counsell and one of the Knights of the most noble ord'' of the garter, keapt S'- Georgs feast in Shreusbery most honorably comm'nge the sayde day from the counsell howse there in hys knightly robbes most valiaunt w"" hys gentilme' before hym and hys knights followinge hym in brave order and after them ye baylyffs and aldermen in theire scarlett gownes, w"" the companyes of all occupac'ons in the sayde towne in their best lyvereys and before ev'y wardens of ev'y company their ij stuards before the' w"" white rodds in theire hands w"*" devydid ev'ye company followinge in good and seemly ord' towards St. Chadd's churche where he was stallid upon the right h'syde of the qnyer where he was stallid upon the right hande in the said chansell nere unto the queenes m'^ place preparid in the same quyer also w"" all the nobilits armes that were knights of the garter, and passinge and repassinge by the queenes m*^ place he dyd as mutclie honor as thoughe hir m"" had been present, when he had there ye divine serves songe by note to the glorifienge of God and to the greate honor of the said S' Henrie, who l:)egan hys feast uppon the eve and kept open howseho'd for the t3'me, it ys to be notyd y' there was sutche a goodly number of townes men followinge hym to the churche that whe' he entrid into the churche the laf end of the traync was at my Lords place, or counsell house, w"'' ys the iust lengthe of 700 pases at the least." " This yeare and tlie fyrst daye of Mayc, the mast" of the free scoole in Slirosbery, whose nauies were Tliomas Ijarrance, John Backer, Richard Atkys and Roger Kennt, made a brave and costly bancket aff supper of the same daye to the nuiidjer of xl dishes, and the masf before the' ev'g scoole presentinge x dyshes wythe a shewer before ev'y scoole p'nowncynge thesse words : — Larrance 1. — " Thesse are all of liarance lore Accompt hys hint nlxive hys store." G3 Backer 2. — " These x are all of Backer's baunde Good wyll not weltlie nowe to be stande." Atkys 3. — " These x are all in Atkys chardge His gyftts are smale hys good Avyll lardge." Kennt 4.—" Thesse x coom last and are the least Yett Kennt's good wyll ys w"" the beast." These verses foUowinge were writte' that lieare aff followe abont the bancketinge dyshes. "En mittunt librum libram non mittere possiint Virgam non vaccam mittere quisq' potest." " The secounde day of Maye all the scollars of the said free scoole beinge tanght by the foresaid foure masters beinge in number ccclx w"" theire masf^ before ev'y of them marchinge bravely from the free scoole in battell order w"" theire generalls, captens, droomes, troompetts and ensings before them throughe the towne towards a lardge fiUde callyd the Geye, beinge in the Abbey suburbes of Salop, and there devydinge theire baundes in iiij parts mett the sayde Lord P'sident, beinge uppon a lusty courser invyroninge hym aboute, and cam to him the generall openinge to his Lordship hys purposse and assembly of hym and the reast the' he w"" the other captens made theire orac'ons howe valiantly they wold feight and defennde the countrey at w""" the sayde Lord had greate pleasure and mutche rejoysyed gyvyng great prayse to the sayde master fo'' the eloquency thereof." " This yeare and the viijtli daye of Maye, Syr Henry Sydney, Lord P'sydent aforesaide, departid from Shrewsbury by wat' and tooke hys bardge under the Castell Hyll by hys place, and as he passid by the' were xiiij chamber pe'cs bravely sliott of w"" a serte' shott of hargabusheyrs and so passings alongst not the lengthe of a quarter of a myle of by water there weare placid in an Ilott hard by the water syde serte' apoyntyd scollars of the free scoole beinge apparelyd all in greene, and greene wyllows uppon theire heades maringely callinge to hym mackinge there lamentable orac'ons sorrowinge hys departure the w"'' was doon so pytyfuUy and of sutche excel- lency that truly itt made many bothe in the bardge uppon the water as also 6i ])eople upon land to Treepe and my Lorde livm selffe to cliangde countenance, and l)ecause the orac'ons of the sayd njmphes are soomwhat tedious to put them here downe, I thought it beaste to place here the fynyshinge of the later staffe of the last nymphe that spacke w* sange the hole songe w"" mus'es ])layeinge and fynyshynge in this man'." Part of the orations are inserted as a specimen : — One boy alone — O staye the barge, rowe not soe faste, Rowe not soe faste, oh stay awhile, O staye and heare the playntts at last Of nymphes that haibovr in thys isle. Thear woe is greate, greate nioane they make With doleful tunes they doe lament ; They howle, they crie, theire leave to taeke, Their garments greene for woe they rent. O Beavern, turn thy streanie quite backe, Alas why doyst thou us anoye, Wilt thow cause us this Lorde to Jacke Whose presince is our onelie joye? But harke, methinks I heare a sounde, A wofuU sounde I playnly heare ; Some sorrow greate thear hart dotiir wound, Pass on my Lord, to them draw neare. Four boys appear in green singing — O woeful! wretched tyme, oh doleful day and houro Lament we may the loss wo have, and Hoods of tears out poure. Come nymphs of woods and liilles, come hiilp us moane we pray. The water nyiii]ihes our sisters dear, doe take our Lord away, Bewaylc we may our wrongs, revenge we cannot take. O that the gods would bring liim back, our sorrows for to shake. One alone with musick — O pinching payne, that gripes my hart, 0 thrice unhappy wight O sillie soule, what hap have I to see this woful sighte, Sh.ili I now leave my lovinge Lord, shall lie now from me goe. Why will he Salop nowe foresuke alas why will lie so! Alus my sorrowe doe increase, my hart doth rent in twayne, For that my Lord doth hence depart, and will not here remayiie. 65 A11-- And wyll yOr honor needs de[)art, and most it needs be soe, Wold God wee could lyck fyshes swynie that we might w* the goe, Or ells wold God this lytell Ih; were stretched owt so lardge That we one foote might follow ye and wayte upon the hardge, But seeinge we cannot swyme, and Ileland's at an ende, Safe passage w"" a short returne the myghtie God thee sende. "And soe the bardge departed, the Bayliffes, and serten of the Aldermen, accompanyinge hym by water untill they came to Atcham brydge, and theire they dynyd all together in the bardge uppon the water ; and after dyner, tacking theire leave, with mourninge countenances, departed." This pageant may in the present day appear very ridiculous, but such " showes " as they were called were very popular in those days. It was probably written by Churchyard, who had previously devised some very ingenious ones on the visit of Queen Elizabeth to Bristol in 1574, and in 1578, on the visit of the Queen to Norfolk and Suffolk we are told that his compositions " mightlye pleased the Queen." Churchyard was recommended by Sir Henry Sydney to the Bailiffs of Shrewsbury to prepare suitable pageants on the proposed visit of the Queen in 1574, as the following entry in the Corporation Year's Account shew : — " Geven Mr. Churchyard in rewarde, being sent nnto us by my Lorde P'sident with letters conc'ninge the cominge of the Queen's Ma"" to this towne, by the assent of the Aldermen and Counsellors, £3 6s. 8d. There is little doubt but that the pageant given in honor of Sir Henry Sydney was the one originally intended for the Queen herself on her proposed visit to Shrewsbury, and altered somewhat by other hands. Churchyard being- at the time in Edinburgh. We see in the following entry that the scholars of the " free scole " had some vested right to welcome a distinguished stranger. Crewe's family lived in Staffordshire, and at their seat, now in ruins, Isaac Walton was often a guest : — " 1582-3. — This yeare and the xjth daye of Marche, beinge Moonday, at nyght the right honorable Lady Mary Sydneye cam to this towne of Salop in 66 InT wao'on, and toocke liyr lodgjnges at my Lord's place there, and the xixth day ensuiuge the most valyant Knight, S' Harry Sydney, hj^r husband, beinge Lorde President of the Marches, cam also from Lndlowe to this towne of Salop in honorable maner, and as he passyd in hys wagon by the condit at the ^Vvlde Coppe, were made ij excellent orac'ons by twoe of the free scole scoUars whose names were Jerram Wryght and Thomas Crewe, stainge in his waggon to heare the same, the w''"' in the ennde he praysyed verey well, and passinge throughe towards hys Ladye w'" his troompeter blowjTige verey ioyfuUy to behold and see." Mr. Lawrence resigned his office, July 19th, 1583, leaving 271 scholars in the three highest schools. The letter in which he conveyed his resignation remains. It is much too long for insertion : in fact it is extremely prolix. Yet parts of it depict so strongly the character of the man, and express so fully the flourishing state of the School, that we cannot ])ass it over. " To the right worshipfull Mr. AVyllyam Tenclie and Mr. Edwarde Owen, bayliffes of the Town of Salloppe." " Right "Worshipfull Mr. Bayliifes, these are to gy\'e your worshippis to \inderstandc, that, whearas, I have taken infynite paynes in this my publicke charge, now almoste for the space of full : xv : years, and have brought it, to as greate p'fection, as by my poore Learninge, and symple dyscretion I was able : am nowe at the lenthe soe wearyed with the worke, soe tyred with the toyle, and overwhelmed with the care therof, that I nether can nor wyll any longer space contynue in it. And, therfore, nowe by this my liande writinge, I unburden my selfe of my charge, I resigne it up whollye into your W. hands, in as floureshinge an estate (upon my credyte) as any scholc in all Englande. The Revenues are greate and verey well iniploycd : the statutes are good and surelye confyrmed : the buyldings are everywhcare well re- payred : the schole with scholers is fullye furnisshed : the rosorte of straungers unto it is notable, and the p'fytings of the scliolers (I prayese God) commendable. Yea, I have within these twelve yeares paste (ut liceat niilii lie meipso, aliciuantnluin gloriavi) throughe the blessinge of (Jlod: tlirouglie my toyle in teachinge : and tliroughe theyr diligence in learninge, sente onto of my .schole aljove an Innidii'd scholers to Cambrydge and Oxloi'dc, of the 67 wliiclu^ a o'l-eate number at this day (God's name be praj-sed for it) are as likelje men to prove good members in the churche of God, and worthye instruments in a Christian commonwelthe as any whosoever or whearsoever. Sed jam tandem post tot tantosque exantlatos labores. Quid pretii sperare licet ? qua3 dona reporto ? Nil : Nil : nee superest quicquam, quo vivere possum, Quod superest sevi, si quid superesse volunt dii. And noe marvell therat, for I served in the place at my firste comynge hyther, six yeares, and receaved for my stypende but twentye markes yearlye, and ever afterwarde I receaved twentye pounds, and noe penny more, untyll the expyracon of the lease of Chyrburye." Then he goes on to state that some of his friends who are 'godlye, worshipf uU, wyese' and well learned have persuaded him to take a ' master of arte ' for a helper, and his reasons for declining to follow their advice. " I have hytherto (I thaidve God for it) had a conscience in my callinge, and ever looked rather at the good successe of my laboures and profette of my scholers, then the greatnes of my stypende or thankfulnes of parents. And therfore I wyll never consent to haue a substitute . . . Neverthelesse (consyderinge howe I founde the schole, and in what case I leave it) yf my successer (whosoever he be) will of his owne good nature francklye give me, or els throughe yo' W. p'swasious Ijestowe upon me, one yeares wages at the lest, I p'swade my selfe (good M' Bayliffes) that I may with a clere and safe conscience take it, yf my cause be wayed eyther with reason, lawe, conscience, or comen honestye. Butt deale in my behalf (good M' Bayliffes) as seamethe beste to your own selfes. And soe shall I very shortly haue just cause to make true reporte to some of honoure, and others of greate worshippe, eyther of you carefuU or unkynde dealinge with me." And after more to the like effect he concludes — "Procede nowe (good M' B.) conferre (I beseech you) -ndthe Mr. Baker, whoe is learned and wise, a man of greate honestye and sufficient experyence. A fytt man everye way for yo' W. to dealo withall. Reade over the statuts, send your letters to St. Jhon's . . . have a care of the schole, it is a 68 nurserye of learning, an ornament to jour towTie, and a singular benifjte to the wlioll comonweltlie. "And thus wisshinge helthe to your worshipps, good sucesse to your schole, and felicitye to your Towne, I here take my leave, trustinge you will bear with the tediousness of my -m-itinge consideringe the wayghtiness of the cause. Your worships verey lovinge frend to use, " Thomas Laueence." After his resignation Mr. Lawrence retired to Wem, and it is painful to read that he was reduced, in his old age, to the necessity of receiving charity from the Corporation of Shrewsbury. It was resolved by that body in 1602, that, " being grown poor, he should be allowed £5 and 5s. in hand, for his great pains in procuring good order in the Free Grammar School." This seems rather a scanty allowance. We presume, however, that the £5 was meant as an annual payment as long as he lived. His life was protracted to 1620 ; when, supposing him to be only 25 at the time he was appointed head- master, he could have been little short of fourscore years. He died at Wem, and was buried there Jan. 23rd. On his resignation, the bailiffs sent the following excellent letter " to the Right Worshipful the M'' and Fellowes of the College of St. John the Evangelist in the Universitie of Cambridge," wliich contaiTis an interesting view of the state of the Free School at the time when it was written, as well as a well-merited tribute to the merits of the late master. " Right W., Theis shalbe to signifie unto you that Mr. Lawrence the cheife Scholenf of the free gram, schole of Shrewesbury, having contynued that chardge by the space of theis xv yeres last, and fyndinge him selfe so wckcncd in body that he is not able to contynewe the susteyninge of the burden incident to the place any longer, hathe nowe presently geven over that chardge. And althoughe for our owne partes wee have signified unto liiui tliiit wee arc unwilling that he should do so, and have crnestly entreated liiiii to contynewe thai cliardge, and for his ease to take unto him suclii" an assistant for a tyme as Iiiniselfe should like of, yet can wee not perswade him to yell! tlicniiilo. And lor as much as his care and diligence hath l)yn such, 69 that the schoole hath nott onelye yekled a great nomber of good schollers in his tyme (as your howse can partlie testifie), but also is the speciall ornament of this towne and tresure of the contre adjoyning, and for that the schole is nowe left in suche good order as all gentlemen in theis partes are verie desirous to haue their children hear trayned vp in learning, wherby the nomber of schollers do dayly encrease, wee are theirfor desyrous at this first advoydaunce of the cheif scholem"' suche consideracon may be taken for the choise of a new as may in euery respect aunswer the good meaninge of the foundors and of the setter forward of the woorke (Mr. Ashton by name, somtyme of that your colledge.) For this purpose have wee entreated this speciall berer, Thomas Salter, gent., to tray vale to you at this present, with theis our letttres, signifying unto you by the same that this Rowme nowe being become void, our desyre is that you will elect and send unto us (accordinge to the great trust which by the ordynaunces of the said schole in you is reposed), a suffycient person who for his learninge, gravitie, audacytye, invencon, wysdome and discrecon maye for this first tyme of avoydance (for good example to posteritie) receve the place in respect of worthynes only : and not for any other pryvate suite, labour or affeccon. And albeit wee think you wil be myndfull to comend a sufiicient person accord- ing to the ordynaunces, yet for that by the ordynaunces the second scholm'' (Mr. Baker by name, being a master of arte above 2 yeres standinge, and also sufiiciently fornished with all other qualities bie the ordenaunces required) ought to be preferred before any others, hee beinge called before us disableth him selfe to receve the same and utterly refuseth to supplye the rowme, requesting that a more sufiicient person by your recomendacon maye be had, wee have in respecte thereof also taken occasion to make this speciall suite unto you, that a man qualifyed as aforesaid maye be elected to furnishe the place ; for yf friendship shall so prevaile that a younger or more insuifycient man then Mr. Baker shal be comended we cannot allowe of the choyse . And so wee take our leave. Salop under our seale of ofiice the first of August, 1583. The authorities of the College in their reply, dated 20th September, 1583, bore witness to Mr. Lawrence's merits and lamented the loss "of so speciall a man." Their trust touches " the first nurseire of the common 70 weltlie," and commended the bearer Jo. Melien, M.A., of above two j^ears standing of St. Jolin's, of Shrewsbury School, son of a burgess, and very sufficiently qualified, and had no fear that he could be disallowed. "We know what we haue to do," and commend him " as one whome we fi.nd (besides one onely man who refuseth to deale their in), by priuiledge principallie preferred : by his industrie in the studie of good learninge verie sufficiently qualified accordinge to the rules there in ordained, so well affected for his religion, of such honest conversation the course of his whole life to our whole knowledge, of such discret gouernement in his behauiour hear amongest vs eaven from his yonger yeares, and so well approued (as we verie crediblye hear) in the good gouernment of youthe and their dew order of teachinge, that thoughe we fear it wilbe very hard to matche what hathe been done in that place, yet we neither fear to valew him with greater yeares, etc."* * Thill Black Book, quoted by Professor Mayor in his Baker's History of St. John's College. CHAPTER VII. Appointment of Mkighen. — Bakly School Life. R. Lawrence was succeeded, October 1st, 1583, by John Meigheii, M.A. He belonged to an old Shrewsbury family and was the son of Richard Meighen, tanner. He had received his education in the School over which he now came to preside, having been admitted a Scholar in 1566. It is doubtful whether he was a clergyman, for in 1587 he was styled gent. We often meet with the family name. John Meyghyn, of Salop, and Alice his wife, occur in 49 Edw. III. John Meyhane, of Uffington, had land in Monks foregate, 3 Hen. IV., and the same occurs in the rank of tradesman in the subsequent reigns. "William Mighen, valet of the crown was made searcher of the Severn in the 1st year of Henry VII. Whether he was one of the Braban^ons who attended that Prince in his invasion of England we cannot affirm : but Peter Meghan, " monoculus Thento natione Brabantinus," a scribe of the sixteenth century is mentioned by Archdeacon Churton (1. of Bp. Smyth, 218). The name was subsequently softened in Shro23shire into Meakin. In 1583-4 the Town was visited by the Earls of Leicester and Essex, and the scholars of the School again took part in the public rejoicings. Our M.S. says : — "1583-4. — This yeare and the xxv'"" daye of Maye, the Lord Robart Dudley, Earle of Lecester, and Lord Robart Devereux, Earle of Essex, with the Lorde Northe cam to Shreusberie and were R — of the woorshipfull of the shire, and also of the baylys w"" hys breethe' the alderme' and other to the number of xxiiij scai'let gownes, w"' the scollars of the freescoole and companyes of the occupac'ons of the same towne in comely and seemely order, and at the coondit at the upper ennde of the wylde coppe were 3 orac'ons 72 made unto liym by Mr. Thomas Sj'dney, his systers soonn, Rycliard Hoorde and Edward Higgoons, bothe in prosse and myter."* " Tlie next morninge he went to vysett the free scoole there to whom were made unto hym soondry orac'ous gratifienge the masters of the scoole w"' soondry rewards." After this visit to the School he proceeded to St. Mary's Church, when a sermon was preached by John Tomkys, in which he eulogised the Earl for, amongst other things ..." Your comfortable going into the free Grammar Schoole to experience the towardliness of the j'outhe there . Your liberall rewardes unto the Scholemaisters ... all the whiche vertues did then shine in you as in a moste cleare mirrowe of true nobilitie." The next year the Earl of Essex again passed through Shrewsbury, and the notice of his visit shews that bows and arrows were still in use. Ashton's ordinances as No. 23, provided that " the Scliollars plaie shall be shooting in the lonof bowe:" — o "1584-5. — This yeare and the 15th daye of Maj-e, Lord Robart Devereux, yonge Earle of Essex, cam from Master Leightoons of Watils- boorowe throughe the towne of Shreusberie, before whom was made soondrie orac'ons by the scoUars of the free scoole, and standinge in battell raj'e w"" l)0wes and arrowes at hys passadge throughe the Castlell gate reioysyed at the sight of tliem gyvinge them greate rewards w^*" harty thancks." It may be well here to give a few particulars of the inner working of the School and although the ordinances partially show something of it, yet a resume of the School life at an early period will be of interest. From Feb. 2nd to All Saints Day the scholars came to School at six o'clock, and the remainder of the year at seven, continuing at their studies till eleven, at which hour dinner was ready. Afternoon school began at a quarter to one, and the pupils were not finally released till half-past four in winter and half-past five in summer. * TliDiiias, aftiTwanls Sir T. Siilney. liiotlior to I'liili]! Sydney. Kiclmril llnrilu, IJtli sim of.Idlin llonU', I'lii'k HiiilfjiKntli, tliuii 17 years old. £(lwarU Higgiiia, second son of lliu Stni, then the Bailiffs going downwnrd, Mr. Gittins spoke to Ihcin in Latin verses, standing by the scat in the 2'"' 83 School, which been done the same Schohir did pronounce a congratulatory speech to him in Latin prose which Mr. Gittins answered in English, and that being done, Mr. Bailiffs boath did drink to him in wine. And he to me being the only Schoolmaster remaining ; also Mr. Gittins had a boy or two of his own that pronounced a few verses to the Bailiffs, all this being performed in the 2""^ School, Mr. Bailiff's went down to the S"* School where Mr. Jones stood before the seat and entertain'd them with a speech in prose, yet inter- laced with some verses also, and the foresaid Scholar pronounced a few verses unto him instead of a congratulatory oration, referring him thereby to his former congratulation pronounced in the 2'"^ School, the same also was answerd unto in English by Mr. Jones, and then Mr. Jones was drunk to in wine by Mr. Bailiffs, also myself and Mr. Gittins were drunk to in wine by him; and so Mr. Bailiff's departed to the Accedence School where Mr. Spurstow standing in the frame of the door, not far from y^ post on the street side of it did pronounce a Latin speech in prose likewise to Bailiffs. Also the foresaid boy pronounced some verses to him for a congratulation ; and he again some what in English as an answer there to then Mr. Bailiffs drank to him and he to the rest of the Schoolmasters, so Mr. Bailiffs sendino- the Scholars instantly to play departed out of the School. From School the Bailiffs first went to the second Schoolmaster's lodgings and having view'd the implements of the School in the several rooms of the lodging, left Mr. Gittins in possession of it. Then they did the like in the o''' Schoolmaster's lodging and left Mr. Jones in possession of them. Lastly they did the like in the lodgings belonging to the Accedence School and left Mr. Spurstow in possession of them, and then going up into the Library they had wine and cakes there instead of a banquet. And so departed every one his own way. — J.M." This convivial settlement does not seem to have been long undisturbed for Mr. Meighen commenced almost immediately a new attack on the Corpor- ation. In the 10th year of James I. (Holy Trinity Term), he filed a Bill in Chancery against Thomas Jones and Hugh Harris, then Bailiffs of the town, for unlocking the School chest* without his consent, having " unlockt 3 of the * This Chest was kept in a strong building know at that time as the Excheciucr, and demoUshed in the erection of the first GuildhaU. A few years later, in Nov., 1633, it was broken into by two townsmen, and robbed of £229 7s. 6d. They were tried and convicted at the next Sessions, one was hung in the Maiket Place, the other named John Davies Millar, being only accessory to thu robbery, received the Royal pardon, Nov. 28. 84 locks of the said cliest and broke open tlie 4tli lock whereupon tlie said chest lay open to the desposition of the defendants from the 29th of Jan. in the 8th year, until the 17th day of Nov. in the 9th year of his Majesty's reign that now is, during which time the said defendants took out of the said chest divers sums of money, etc.," and for other articles of misconduct ; the Lord Chancellor Egerton, with much promptitude seeing it was a matter affecting the government and ordinances of the School issued a Commission of Enquiry to Sir Edward Bromley, one of the Barons of his Majesty's Exchequer, Sir Richard Lewkener, Knight, Chief Justice of Chester, and Richard Barker, Esq., Recorder of Shrewsbury, who were directed to investigate the whole matter. The Commissioners met at the Town Hall, in Shrewsbury, on Easter Thursday, April 8th, 1613, when calling all the parties to the suit they " bestowed 2 severall dales " in the full hearing of the case, examining the several witnesses, and investigating the disorders which had grown so prevalent. The Commissioners themselves tried to act as peace-makers, and " endeavoured finally to end and determine the said cause with the liking of the said parties" which because they could not perform they drew up their report on the 10th April, and forwarded the same to the Chancellor. The Report began by stating that they "found the estate of the said School was much decayed by the froward and ill-carriage of the said Meighen, being a very contentious person and of a turbulent and mutinous spirit and disposition," and " faulty in many things, some of them not befitting the place of an honest man." They then proceed to relate all the several parti- culars of tlie bad character and riotous proceedings of Gittins, and report that they were of opinion the said Ralph Gittins was not a fit person to teach in the said School, but 'that he be removed from his office and some worthy man to be elected in his place.' It appears he had been suspended some short time pre\'iously, and then Mr. Meighen had appointed (with the consent of the BaiUlfs and the approbation of the Archbisliop), Andrew Harding to the 2nd School, and caused an allowance of £30 to be paid liim nut of tlie School Revenues; but no sooner had an acquittance been given than £20 was taken from liini and handed to Gittins, tlnis leaving liiiii (ndy i'lO foi' Ids own services. The Commissioners thought this was wurtiiv of the stroiiijest 85 repreliension, and for many other causes the Head-master was censured and it was ordered that if " he could not hereafter conform and carry himself more respectively in the affairs of the said School than he had done heretofoi-e but should minister just cause of further complaint against him for his miscarriage then they were of opinion that it was fit that he were also removed and some worthier and more sufficient person chosen to su])ply his room of Head Schoolmaster there." As to the complaint that the Bailiffs had unlocked the school chest, the Commissioners report, that it was necessary the chest should be opened to defray the expenses of Kowland Jenks riding to Cambridge for the election of two Schoolmasters, and for other necessary expenses, and that the chest was not opened "for any private gain or lucre unto the defendants themselves or either of them." On this report the Lord Chancellor on the 28th of June, founded his decree. The Bill was dismissed, Gittins was ordered between " this and Michaelmas next avoid from his place," and other Masters appointed by St. John's College. The plaintiff was ordered to pay the costs of the defendants, but " withall his Lordship declared that if the said plaintiff shall hereafter conform himself to a better temper in observance of the aforesaid Ordinances and due performance of this decree, then such moderation shall be had of the said costs as upon his conformity shall be thought fit." The final hearing of this unhappy suit took place on the 24th October, when it seemed that the defendants had expended £127 17s. 4d. without recovering anything for their loss of time, the Lord Chancellor " much commending the case of the defendants in so good a work and being also willing to favor the said School," ordered that the said defendants receive the sum of fourscore pounds towards their full charges out of the funds of the School instead of £100 which Mr. Baron Bromley was of opinion should be paid to the defendants out of such funds. These litigations and disputes could scarcely fail to injure the School. Heavy complaints of its declension, mostly referable to the incapacity of Gittins and the other undermasters soon occur, yet in the year of the trial 90 ; in 1613, 103; in 161G, 108; and in 1617, 119 scholars were admitted. CHAPTER IX. Erectiox of School Buildings. — Meighen's Eesignatiox axd Death. X tlie last chapter reference was made to tlie New School Buildings, tlie Library and room under having been commenced in the year 1595. From that time steps had been taken to procure the necessary land to increase the accommodation requisite for the building of suitable Schools. The following extract is one of the earliest transfers of land to the School. " 1605, 7th June, 2nd Jac. Rob. Pope of Salop, drap., Chrisabell Ottley, vid. of Tho. 0. of Sal., Esq'"''- dd. and Sarah 0. his d. and extrix, grant to Kdw. Hopton, of Sal. gent., for £30 a mess's and gardens, &c., in or near Rotten lane lying bet" a mess'e of y" King and a garden, and reaching from Rotten lane to y'' town wall." if Tlic other portions of ground in which the subsequent erections were made for the use of the School and its masters, and the gardens and play ground in the rear towards the River were purchased at various periods, and from divers parties, viz.: On tlie 12th September, 1612, a garden was purchased from Mr. Thomas Bi-oiuliall, as follows : — "12th Sep., 10 Jac, Tho. Brouiliall, of Northwond Hall, gent., gi'ants to y" Corpor. for £20 that close, late an oi-chard, „« -v ■> .u.&*3«ii,v,. near the C astle-gate and ncai' tlie Scliool, -■'•■'■ [A-- ^^y.. ., 87 and near adjoining the lodgings provided foi- the masters, and now in the hokling of John Meighen, which lies bet"' the town wall on y'' jjai't of J. M.'s lodgings. On the 20th September in the same year, another garden with an orchard was purchased from the said Mr. Bromhall. On the 29th of the same month the then School House and Schoolmaster's lodgings were purchased from Mr. Richard Hiffgfins. 'DO' A garden before the Schools in Shrewsbury was purchased from John Beddow on the 18th of April, 1628. In 1630 a grant was made by the Corporation and is described to be " so much of the streete called Higlie Pavemente over against the newe schole house lying to a house of Sir Andrew Corbet, knight, towards a house of Richard Breeze." This was the enclosed ground in front of the building adjoining the street. On the 6th of October, 1637, a farther plot of ground was bought from Mr. John Bromhall, two messuages in " Rotten Lane" from Mr. Adam Webb, on the 29th of June, 1649; a house and premises in the same lane from William Pateshall and his wife on the 28th of June, 1650, and two Messuages in " Rotten Lane " from Mr. Richard Pryce, on the 16th and 18th of April, 1662. The above-mentioned purchases form the site of the present School buildings and premises. One portion as already said was commenced in 1595, though not completed until 1617, the next portion erected was that which adjoins the former at right angles and fronts eastward towards the Council House. It appears, however, from the accounts, that all the buildings as now seen, connected w'itli the Schools, were not finished until after the close of the 17th century. One serious objection to the well being of the School was the terrible sweating sickness which many times had swept over the town bringing disaster and death, whilst the periodical visits of the plague rendered a house of refuge in the country absolutely necessary. Shrewsbury indeed had fully its own share of plague and pestilence notwithstanding the almost exception- ally healthy situation it enjoyed. 88 One peculiarity of the sweating sickness seems to have been that it coramonlj sought out those who were in robust health, and in the better circumstances of life. Its attacks were very sudden, and produced a sensation of heat over the body, sometimes only locally, which was followed by profuse sweating and insatiable thirst, with a great desire to sleep, a single hour not unfrequently carried off the sufferer after the disease had taken hold of him. It made its first appearance in England at Milford Haven, when Richmond (Henry VII.) landed with a small army, on his road to Bosworth. He passed through Shrewsbury (and it may be said incidentally), the house where he slept on his way to meet Richard III., still stands, and is very well preserved. The following exti-acts will shew the necessity for a refuge outside the limits of the town. " 1575-6. — This year the plage was in Shrosbery in the begyninge of the w'*" there died one Mr. Hawckswoorthe curate of S' Chadds, and one Roger Barns, curate of S'' Alkemoonds, in Salop." " This year, St. Matthew's Daye beinge the xxij daj^ of Septe'ber, w"'"* was woont to be a fayre kept in Shrosbery towne and because of the plage in the towne the sayde fayre was kept in a place sometymes a commoons callyd Kyngsliuul Here Shrcwsbery." In 1584, the same terrible tale of death was recorded. The urgent wish of the Head Master and the Bailiffs of Shrewsbury was to provide a necessary country house, but the authorities of St. John's College did not seem to have recognized the urgency of this step, and shai'p words passed. On the 10th May, 1612, the Bailiffs of Shrewsbury sent Mr. Meighen to obtain the consent of (lie College for them "to take money out of our Sclioole treasure towards l)uildiiig of a Schoolehouse in the country, for the Schoole- masters and Scliollei's to resort vnto in tymes of sycknes." A reply was sent by the College, in which they request that they might be certified, " that the Hchoolehouses be finislied, your Gallery and Lllnmy built and sufficiently furnislied, ami tlirn require a snfliciciit security to the Cdllege that the money proposed to be spent on this Count it Scliool House be iniployed to the vse 89 pretended." Altliough negotiations liad been entered into with tlie owner of the land, and for the commencement of the Building, the matter ended, until on the 29th April, IGIG, the Bailiffs write a letter to the College, and send it by Mr. Meighen : " God willing we meane this summer to erect a Scholehouse for the Schoole Masters and Schollers of this towne to repayre vnto in tyme of sickness." The College gi^anted a license to take out of the School chest for this purpose £240, and £100 additional was granted, Sept. 14th, owing to the " doubtfulness of the ground whereuppou the Building is sett." On the 20th September, 1616, the land at Grinshill was purchased from Mr. William Kilvert. In 1621, the College sent by Mr. Meighen a license to employ £420 in finishing the Country School House, but as former licenses had not been carried into effect, this was to be returned if not used. In 1623, the Bailiffs write for an order to take a farther sum of £100 from School Chest. As an instance of the need for these Buildings, we shall find if we turn to G-ough's History of Myddle, co. Salop, that in 1649, the plague had again broken out in Shrewsbury, and the School was removed to Grinshill. These premises continued in the hands of the Trustees of the Schools until a few years ago when they were sold with other property. In 1616 the Library was furnished by order of the Lord Chancellor, for he had been informed " that there was a fair Library erected adjoining to the said School, and stands unfurnished with books, whereby no good use is made thereof as it was truly meant at such time as the same was erected." The furnishing of books to this Library had previously caused the relations between the Bailiffs and the authorities of St. John's College to be very strained as the following reply (July 3rd, 1612), to the Bailiffs' request for leave to expend £100 in furnishing the Library will shew. " Cowld your letters beare a good interpretation, we shold most willingly admitt of it ; l)ut your doubtfuU writing gyves suspicion of vnsound Intentions. Our Condicions we propounded directly, expecting your answer accordingly. In which you appeare to vs more cautelous then well meaning. Your Stock, like a mystery, may not be revealed, somewhat perhapps will remayne after your deductions vppon provision, but what that some is you M 90 list not ■«Tjte, and we cannot divine. Yonr Library (yon report) is furnished, and jet more to be done to it after tins building-, £100 will suffice it for the present tyme, and other such termes, which we know not hoAv to vnderstand. As for security for the imployment of the mony requyred this in your opinion is beyond our power, proceeding fi'om ignorance of the ordinaunces. Thus you leave vs vnsatisfyed in any one point. Wherfore if you fynd not that successe you hoped, blame your selves, not vs. The sleeping stock canne no way benefite vs, only we serve the desyres of your deceased fownder." Desire to know first " jour stock remanent ; Then to be certifyed that the other schooles ar built and the Library furnished according to the meaning of the nynth Article in the Ordinances, and lastly. That (sutablj to the direction of . . the . . Bysshopp of Lychfeild) you enter the security formerly requyred, A thing no way preiudiciall to your Autority or the statnts of your schoole. If theese demands seeme vnreasonable, you may spare to moove vs any farther." The School Chapel was consecrated on tlie 10th September, 1G17, by John Overal, D.D., Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. The Bailiffs and Corporation of Shrewsbury attended the service, when a sermon was preached by a townsman, the Rev. Sainpson Price, D.D., Chaplain to the King, Vicar of Christ Church, London, and son of the Rev. Thomas Price, minister of St. Chad's. Til.' .sermon was aftci- wards printed by a brother of the Hem! Master, with the title "The Beauty of Holi- ness, or the Conse- cration of a House of Prayer l)ythe exaiiiph^ of our Saviour. — John X, 22, 23. A sermon preachid in the Chapell of the Free Scole in Shrews- bury. Loudon, 1G18." 91 The Chapel and Library being now complete an order was made in 1 023, that the old Schoolhonse shonld be taken down, after a conference described in the Corporation records as under : — " Salop Exchequer, (3th July, 1. C. 1. — Agg. y' persons shall conferr w"' Mr. J. M., ch. sch.m"'- about y^ buyldinge up of y'^ old free schooles anew, in respect it is gone so ruynous, eytlier with free stone or otherwise, upon w'"' confer'^'' it was tho't fit y' y' owld sch. house sh'^ be taken downe, and rebuilt w"' free stone answerable to y'^ o'' buildings." It was not however until 1627 that the greater part of the old building was taken down, and the present ones were begun. The Schoolhonse that has just been abandoned was finished in 1630. It may be well here to enter somewhat more fully into a description of the Buildings. The School consisted of two ranges of Buildings at right angles, and there was a square tower in the angle built of Grinshill stone. Both ranges are in the Jacobean style of architecture, and although the Chapel and Library were begun late in Elizabeth's reign, and the Schools only finished in Charles I. time, both have been brought into harmony. They occupy a fine situation, and seem to form almost a citadel in the middle of the town as it is approached from the station. Interesting indeed the building is, as being so very representative, but if we criticise its architectural features, we shall not find very much that would- avail us now. The Elizabethan architecture tells us the same tale as the Gothic, and its decline is owing to the same causes. In the palmy days of Gothic the monks were an earnest hard-working commonwealth, and the glorious remains of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries yet seen in so many parts of England point to a painstaking age when all the science of masonry was known. But the easy luxurious life of the monastic orders which culminated in their dissolution is illustrated in their architecture in a hundred buildings. The graceful arches and foliage gave way to easy perpendicular forms which required neither artistic skill to design nor scientific knowledge to execute. AVith careless design came slovenly work, indeed sometimes we often see in the same building that the parts which were built in the reign of Henry III. or Edward I. are strong and hale, while the loosely jointed masonry of the Tudor period, especially of the latter part, is showing signs of decay. Even 92 now tlie clustered columns, and arcades, let us say of Wenlock Abbey, are quite as true as they were wlieu tlie}' were first erected, and when these are reduced to a small scale even by the merciless accuracy of the photographic lens they have all the appearance of careful brass castings. With the revival of letters in Elizabeth's time, came the almost necessary journey to Italy, among members of the upper classes, and this accounts for the sudden introduction of Italian forms in the buildinsrs that were erected durina: her reio'n. At first there was life in these, as we may see at Audley End, or Burleigh House, or the still finer farm house that is now called " Dukes House," at Bradford, and there was good workmanship, but the slovenly days of the Stuarts altered all this at once, and if we look for example at the scroll parapet which surmounts the walls of Shrewsbury School we shall see how meagre and attenuated it is. The old Schoolhouse is termed a " wooden building," and this must have been very picturesque from the situation in which it stood. By the term 'wooden' is to be understood half-timbered, and many fine specimens of such architecture may be found still in Shrewsbury, Chester, and Ludlow, and occasionally in otlicr towns, such as Leicester Hospital at Warwick, and Bablake's at Covcntrv. The parapet is a coarse scroll bo- lonofinof to the so-called ' renaissance ' style, which in Elizabeth's time super- seded whatever the Tmlni' period had left of pointed architecture. The windows were all of the scpiare form introduced into England not long before the erection of the first part of the building, witli tlu> exception of the south end of the L j)i)cr School Room, which has a large window with a pointed arch with tlii'L'c iniillions :iii(l jicriiciuli- cular tracery. It li;is licru thought liy some that this window was removed IVoin an F]cclesiastical building, and tlieiv is nothing incon.sistent in the supposition. 93 The tracery and other kindred types (which nmst not be confounded for a moment with the magnificent perpendicular window in the Abbey Church at Shrewsbury), prevailed during the whole of the IGth century. In the centre of the building is a gateway adorned on cither side with a rudely designed Corinthian column on which stand figures of a Scholar and Graduate in the dress of the times. Over the arch is a quotation in Greek from Isocrates. Eai' ^? (pWofiadii'i eo-96 - 77 Edmund Howes, ton, would lianlly Iiiivc veutui'cd to set down llio encomiastic account of tlii.-; Scliool which lie liad lu.'^ci'li'd in hi.^ coutiiuiatiou (if Stow's Annals, ]). 1(H)2, Kd. Ki:}!, oven thoui;"li liis pulilislicr was tlio Selioolmaster's son, if its condition lind hccn .^^o vcrv (h'lilorahlc as the Bishop ami ('oHcge were made to helicve. " Tlie said School," he writes, "hath confinucd now 54 yeares, and of tliosc 51 yecrcs my wm-thy and learned IVieud, .\l. .lohn ]\lei,u'hen, now chiefu 1597 - 88 1598 - 97 1599 - 83 1600 - 96 1601 - 117 1602 - 114 1603 - 51 1604 - 27 1605 - 96 1606 - 82 1607 - 93 1608 - 75 1609 - 90 1610 - 93 1611 92 1612 - 90 1613 - 103 1614 - 86 1615 - 87 1616 - 108 1017 - 119 1618 - 107 1619 - Ill 1620 - 79 1621 82 1622 - 75 1623 - 89 1624 - 72 1625 - S4 1626 - 57 1627 - 137 1628 - .S3 1629 - 93 1630 - 70 1631 - 123 1632 - 125 1 633 - 86 1634 - 67 97 master of the same, hath bin chiefe master there 48 yeeres complete, during all which time of 48 yeeres, notwithstanding that many attempts have bin made by divers persons of place and great power, both by suits of law and otherwise, thereby as well to wrest away, part of the meanes thereof, as also to breake and infringe some of the said ordinances, yet as well the meanes of the said Schoole, hathe beene hitherto preserved through the good care and speciall endeavoure of the said M. John Meighen, the chiefe Master and Governour thereof, and godly blessing upon the same, as also the ordinances thereof, to the uttermost of his power, and with the expence of his owne purse defended from violation." And that Mr. Meighen had, at least some persons in the toAvn who thought highly of his merits is plain from the eulogy of him in the M.S. Arms of the Bailiffs of the Town previously referred to, in which he is stvled " That famous person, this yeare deceased, who to his perpetual memory hath by his great care and industry since he was the chiefe scholemaster, wholy endeauored the flouinshing condition of the same, not seeking to advance himselfe or his by deminishing from the revenues any thing, having left a good paterne to them that succeed; making it his great care and chiefe work to perfect that structure and building in a glorious manner." In one of the books presented to the Library, the donor, Thomas Pritchard, Archdeacon of Llandaff in 1627, styles his old School as even then " the most numerous in all England. Dulcissim^e Nutrici snse (totius Anglian numerosissimse) Scholge Salopiensi hoc GPEIITHPION d: d: Tho: Prichard, Archidiac. Llandaven : et Coll. Jesu, Oxon, Vice-princ." At this time it must be remembered the complaints against the Head Master were greatest. The Bailiffs were, with all the trouble they had with Mr. Meighen, anxious to provide for him in his old age, and propositions were presented to the Bishop of Lichfield and St. John's College on his behalf. They urged that the " Grammar Schoole beinge greatly decayed for learning and number of Scholars," and Mr. Meighen," not being able by his great age and weakness to continue the burden of his office, "it is thoughte meet that he should resign the place," and, in consequence leave the School House, they proposed that " In consideration whereof, and of his long service in the said Schoole, N 98 it is thoiigli[t] meete that lie sliould liaue pajd liim yearely out of tlie Sclioole revenewes during bis life the summe of £20, and also should have during his life and a quarter of a yeare after rent free antl free from reparations the house in Grinsell •which was provided for the Schoole Mrs. and Schollers...in time of any plauge or other infectious disease in the Towne of Salop. And that the said John Mighen should haue allso out of the Schoole revenewes the summe of £100. " And for Mr. Meighens better security as well for the payment of the said £20 to him yearly during his life and for the enjo^nng of the said house at Grinsell and for the payment of the said summe of £100 upon his resignation of the place he holdeth and yealding up of the said house he now hath as head SchooleMr. : It is desired that the said L. Bishop and the aforesaid Colledge would be pleased to give their consent thereunto. And that the right Honourable the L. Keeper would vouchsafe to establish the same by decree in his Ma"^^ High Court of Cauncer}-, and that all these things be done at the Schooles charges. Cha. Bexton (Ballivi Villfe Tho Heyes { Salop. " "Wee whose names are subscribed having been chosen amongst others by the commons of the s'' Towne to consider of the affaires of the Schoole, consent to the presentment of the aforesail ]iropositions. Ell. Jones, Tho. Owen. Tl. Mackworth. Tho. "Wingfeild. R. Gibbons. George Wright. Jo. Meighen as committed." To these terms the College agreed, and in 1035 Mr. Meighen resigned the office he had held for more flian lialf a centur}', retii-ed to the Country School at Grinshill, and died a few months afterwards. He was buried at St. Clary's, Shrewsbury, on tlie ■]yd of Foln'iiaiy, lG3f. CHAPTER X. Election of Chaloner. — His Expulsion from Office. — Election op Pigott. RE-ArPOINTJlENT OF ChaLONER. ■ O HE election of a new Head Master was always a difficult matter to arrange between the Bailiffs and the College. It will be remembered that by the original Charter, the sole nomination of the Head Master rested with the Bailiffs and Burgesses. In Elizabeth's reign this was altered and a compromise was effected which enabled the College to recommend, though the formal appointment of the Master still rested with the Bailiffs. This arrangement was a frequent cause of dissatisfaction and led to many unseemly disputes between the two parties. When Mr. Meighen tendered his resignation, the Bailiffs of Shrewsbury wrote to St. John's College, and apparently proposed an amicable arrange- ment, for they thank the College for consenting " to ioyne with vs in some course that may tend to the restoration of the ancient bewty and lustre of our Schooles now much deformed and eclipsed," and state the desirability of an able Head Master being appointed, one who "must be able to governe not onely children but men." This was in 1635. The Bailiffs, however, were not willing when Mr. Meighen resigned, that the selection of a new Master should he left to the College, for they write in the same letter, that when the time arrived for such a selection to be made, it was their " intendment to have the cJiiefcst stroke therein."* At first, the Bailiffs at the express wish of some persons of importance in the town, named Mr. Poole, a native of the town and son of a Burgess, "one who hath beene euer since the time he cold read English brought vp in our Schooles vntil he entred the Vniuersity of Oxford, and for his life, conversation, learning, religion and instruction of youth hath beene very well approved and hath given abundant testimony of his industry, sufficiency and abilityes of teaching schollers." The College however nominated a "young man" of whom the Corporation did not approve, being themselves at this time as the Bishop of Lichfield informs the College by letter, 24th Nov., * Uiuleiiineil in M.S. 100 1635, "addicted to one Mr. Jolin Hardinge, Master of Arts of 12 years standing, of Cambridge," having made -'a publique claojxe of liim in a generall and greate assembly." His Lordsliij), witli more caution, perhaps, than sound wisdom, advises them to acquiesce in this election, which was a manifest usurpation, " to avovde contention and to intereste your Colledge in the right of a nomination." The man, "I assure you," continues he, "hath bin highly comended unto mee by many of sounde judgemente both for his learninge, judgmente, methode, governmente and honesty." Why, early in Sept., 1635, the Badiffs should write and recommend Mr. Poole, an Oxford man, and in November of the same year they should strongly recommend Mr. Harding, a Cambridge man, as having been elected by the public choice it is impossible to say, but certainly Mr. Harding had strong claims upon them for he had filled the office of second Master, and he seemed to have been an especial favourite in the town. The College, however, maintained that they alone had the right of nomin- ation, but this the Corporation of Shrewsbury disputed, and they expended no less a sum than £300 in law in attempting to place their candidate in the office he sought. It was however in vain for not only did they loose their case, but as the following extract from the Corporation accounts, 1636-7, show, had also to pay the sum of £170 lis. lOd. towards the law charges the College were put to in the matter. Paid S"- John's Colledge in Cambridge, their charge expended in (juestioning of y® town for placing M''' Harding cheifc Scholemaister according to y^ Lord Referees order - - - £170 11 10 The College acted vei-y fairly with the Corporation for they wrote to the Bailiffs ami intiinatril their desire to meet them with an allowance of charges in the suits between themselves and the town. It is therefore probable that the above item only included part of the expenses the College incurred. The settlement was apparently an amicable one. The Bailiffs, Th. Nicolls and Simon Weston, write to the College: "Where contention as betwixt such as are wise, not soe much the prevayling as the availing of either party will be considered. A late contention lialh hapned between your College and our Corporation touching the placing of a Head Master in oui- Free Schole. 101 In which buisnes the trouble and paynes belongeth to you and vs, the bcnefitte to others. In which respect if that be acted by eyther of vs which shall really conduce to effect that which shold bee both our ayraes, it is not much materiall which of vs be thought the principall actor." They then ask the College to " finde out and commend a man in all respects fitte for the Head place of our Schoole," and hope " that you and wee forgetting the former divisions of our predecessors and now according may revive the creddit of that place that seems by others to be allmost forgotten, because it seemes by you and vs to be neglected." One of the Bailiffs above-named, Simon Weston, writes again to the College, and entreats them to send at once " an able honest and discreet man for the supply of this place which is now vacant and soe hath long been to the prejiidice of our towne and cuntry. I doe earnestly entreate you, first for God's sake, secondly for your owne creddit, and lastly for the prosperity of this antient Schoole wherwith both you and wee are interested, that you will faithfully perform this thing with as much expedition as you may, and for what things have been heretofore unjustly doene, you shall finde men ready and willing to joyne with you to have a redresse thereof." After some months delay, the College appointed Mr. Thomas Chaloner,* born at Llansillin, a village in Denbighshire, on the Shropshire borders, educated at Shrewsbury under Mr. Meighen, having been admitted Nov. 17th, 1614. He was a member of Jesus Coll., Cambridge, being matriculated among the Quadrantarii+ there July 6th, 1617, and proceeded B.A. in 1620, and M.A. in 162-i. So that he was probably of much the same standing with his com- petitor Harding, and could scarcely have been the young man for whom the College originally intended the office. The appointment was satisfactory to the town for the Bailiffs write on March 16th, 163f , " especially that you have commiserated the state of our poore schoole in supplieinge vs with soe able and euery way qualified a scholem"'- (Mr. Chandler, marg.) whom we cannot choose in requitall of this *The Chalenors are believed to have descended from a Xornian family that came over with the Conqueror, but iu Welsh pedigrees they are derived from Madoc Crooni, founder of one ol the 15 tribes of Wales, abont the year 1135. The names of his descendants are purely Welsh until his namesake Madoc Groom took the surname Chalenor, from a place called Chalenor in France. It is probable that this Madoc followed Edward III. in his French wars, and then acquired the name, and probably an estate, for services rendered. The name is still extant on the Welsh borders. t i.e. the pensioners, who wore S(iuare caps, in opposition to the sizars, who wore round. — Dr. Butler. 102 care, but welcome* with all gladnes, and for further testimony therof much desire to complie with your Colledge for the augmentation of his means the speediest and best way your wisdomes shall direct." That the Corporation welcomed Mr. Chaloner is also shewn by the following extract from their accounts for the year : — *o Paid what was laid out in a banquet at the admission of Mr. Challoner, the cheife Scholemaster 01 00 00 The expense of communicating with St. John's College was very great for in the same accounts the item occurs : — Paid what was given to Mr. John Lloyd, draper, to bringe a letter to St. John's College, in Cambridge - - - - OG 00 00 This refers to the letter sent by the Bailiffs and quoted above. The following items connected with the School also occur, but no special interest attaches to them : — Paid Thomas Rider, attorney for engrossing, and being attorney for the Schoole 01 00 00 ,, unto ]\Ir. Ralph Jones in full of a decree made by ye Court of Request at Westminster 50 00 00 ,, Mr. Challon' for his journey to ye B''- of Cov. anH'." " 1 was stripped of all I had and cast out to the crows," he writes. When the town was taken it ^\■as l)y treachery, and it is fortunate for the School tliat this was so. For it stood in close proximity to the Castle, and occupied so exposed a position on the north-west side of the town, that it is certain if a lengthy siege had taken place (and from the strong position the town held it is probaljle a siege would have been prolonged), the New School Buildings would have been seriously damaged, if not entirely demolished during the conflict. o That Chaloner was an excellent Gi-eek and Latin Scholar is evident from the specimens he has left, Salo])ians of the present day might claim them. In the first few years of his llead-mastcrship the number of Scholars was higlier than at any previous time. Old Shropshii'c and Welsli families arc found on the registers, and those of neighbouring counties were well rejtn-- sented. In tlie School he was altly seconded l)y David Evans — David Ddu (Black I);ivi(l as lie was eulleil), who had been liis fellow (\)llegian at .lesus 107 College, Cambridge. As we have already noticed, this gentleman had given proofs of his teaching abilities, we learn this from the entry in the Corporation accounts. Evans remained Second Master through the whole of this trouble- some time, for when Chaloner was expelled and Pigott appointed he served as ably under the Commonwealth Master as under the Royalist, and after 30 years service in all, he died during the Head-mastership of Pigott, and was buried in tit. Mary's Church. The following is his epitaph : — " Caveto, sis puer ; prope est David niger, Notandus olim literis rubris senex. Is Priscianus temporis sui inclitus : Nescis adhuc ? Abito ! nescis literas." A successor was appointed to Mr. Chaloner, in Richard Pigott, a native of Northwich, in Cheshire, and apparently a layman (he is called in the School accounts for 1646, "gentleman"), whose principles were of course congenial to those of the party who now gained the ascendancy in Shrewsbury. He was an acquaintance of Richard Baxter, who calls him " my old friend," and this is nearly all we know of him, but it is probable he took Orders soon after he was appointed Head Master. He was brought from Newport to Shrewsbury. The list of admissions under this gentleman shows that the School was in a flourishing condition. A year from 17tli Xov. A year from 17th Nov. 1645 - 52 „ 1646 - 90 1647 - 83 1648 - 94 1649 - 60 1650 - 40 1651 - 66 lfi52 - 102 16.53 - 51 1G54 - 79 1 655 - 82 1656 - 56 1657 - 64 1658 - 93 1659 - 98 1660 - 71 1661 - 74 In 1650, the School was once more closed for some months in conse- quence of the plague which visited Shrewsbury this year. The following is the order of the Council : — " You are also forthwith to dissolve both the Schools in your towne and see that they continue soe till it shall please God the infection shall cease. Jo. Beadshawe, p. Whitehall, 9th Aug., 1650." 108 During Mr. Pigott's Head-mastersliip a matter was finally settled wliicli for nearly 50 years liad been the subject of long and at times angry corre- spondence between the town and St. John's College. This was the foundation of Scholarships at the College, in accordance with Ashton's Ordinances. From the year 1612 to 1624, there seems to have been no confidence existing between the School authorities and the College, and the impression at Cambridofe was that the Head Master favoured the town much more than the College. In the early years the College feared that after the buildings were completed, the town might return to furnish the Library, " deferring if not defeating the better use to succeed." The town replied that "our Schoole in a manner is fastened vppon you and therefore that they should not be treated as strangers." For the whole of these 12 long years the subject was under discussion, and when the Corporation were willing to agree to the College terms, the security of the funds to be invested was questioned, and it was not till the end of 1623, that a final arrangement was made and £300 ordered to be invested by the town fi-om the School funds, as the following item from the Corporation accounts shew : — • " [1624]. Sal. Exch. 19th Jun., 21 J. 1. Agg. to graunte a rent chardge of £17 10s. out of the pasture lately p'chased of Mr. Tho. Bromhill, one called Park field, the other Meribury field, the other small medow, to St. John's Coll. (in consou of £300 p'' to y" corpor. from y" School treasure) to found 2 schollarships accd^ to y" ordin"^- In accordance with a deed made between the Bailiffs and Burgesses, the !Master and Fellows of St. John's College, Cambridge, and John Meighen, Head Schoolmaster; "William Peers, son of George Peers, gent., and Nicholas Prowde, son of Richard Prowde of Shrewsbury, then deceased, being two Burgesses sons, were elected Nov. lltli, 1624, the two first Foundation Scholars under Mr. Ashton's Ordinances. AVilliara Peers was afterwards Vicar of Lhiudyssil, in Montgomery', and Nicholas Prowde became Archdeacon of Cashel, in Ireland, having also for some time held successively the Vicarage of Meole Brace, ami the fiiviug of DiddlebuiT, in the County of Salop. This deed dlil not cud the (lilhculties in eoniicelidii willi the Scholarships. In 1631, further correspondence ensued, tli(> College C()iii|>l:iining in one letter tliat they wore kept lioodwinkt by the iJailiffs and Governors of the fowu'. 109 In 1G49, the whole subject was in dispute, at that date the sum of £113 15s. was due to the College as arrears of the annuity of £17 10s. This amount was disputed as not being legally due on the ground that the College did not fulfil its obligations, for they had refused such as had been recommended, and filled the vacant Scholarships with students from other places. It was not till 1656 that this matter was definitely settled, when Articles of Agreement were concluded, Sept. 27th, between the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the town. Dr. Anthony Tuckney, Master of St. John's College, and Mr. Pigott the Head Master. In this agreement the conditions as to the Scholarships are distinctly laid down. They were these, that no other persons be nomin- ated for the Scholarships than — (1.) Legitimate sons of Burgesses in the town of Shrewsbury. (2.) In default such as are born in the Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury. (-3.) In default such as are born in the Liberties of the Town of Shrewsbury. (4.) In default such as are born in the parish of Chirbury. (5.) In default those born in the County of Salop. (6.) Or lastly, such Scholars as may be born elsewhere. The only stipulation being, that the Scholar shall have been at the School three years, and have been "of the First Bench in the Highest School by the space of one whole year at the leaste." At the time of the Restoration a like fate to that which befell his predecessor awaited Mr. Pigott, and although the authorities of St. John's College formally nominated him with a view of confirming his title to the office he held, yet in July, 1662, his friends having lost ^Dower, he was dismissed from office and taken to the Castle, in company with Michael Betton, and Mr. Tallents the ejected minister of St. Mary's, where he was imprisoned for a few days. He died in the next year, and was buried at St. Mary's, on October 21st, 1663, exactly one year before Chaloner was laid to his rest, at the same place. "VYe may well infer that he jjassed the years during which he held his office here, in tranquillity and peace. Such was not the case with Mr. Chaloner. He had taken the School Registers away with him, and used them as a sort of diary, in which he set 'down all manner of private notes in Greek and Latin ; and these curiously illustrate his life, and exhibit a living picture of the straits to which he was reduced. He, like many other men, was reduced to great extremities in the civil wars of the Stuart period. 110 These vrere not confined to either side, but tliey suffered from being true to their convictions. He removed to " Eiton," apparently Kuyton, near Baschurch, where he taught School for seven months, thence he retired to Newnes, near Ellesmeie, and after a short time went up to London, with the hopes of making his peace with the ruling powers, but was able to effect it, only b}' submitting to conditions grievous, as he says, to his estate and conscience : " Conditiones admisi, et rei et conscientise mese perquam graves." He was obliged we know to pay a composition of £60 for his malignancy, to make a formal surrender of the Head-mastership of Shrewsbury School, and we can scarcely doubt from some of his expressions that he was obliged to take the Covenant with the best grace he could. He wisely made the best of matters and returning to his former neighbourhood, took Birch Hall, or as he loved to Latinise it ^des Betulianfe, where he opened school, with 44 of his Ruyton pujjils, and the acquisition of 4G new ones, and contrasting this confined sphere with his splendid one at Shrewsbury, fancifully likens himself to the tyrant, who driven from the helm of govern- ment in Syracuse was content to wield the rod at Corinth. " Nam Sp'acusis exulans, Corinthi tyrannidem molior." At the end of ten months he was invited to Draj'ton by Sir John Corbet of Adderley, Bart., M.P., patron of that School. Most of his pupils from Birch Hall accompanied him ; Sir John had obtained a licence for him from the House of Commons, and he had a reasonable prospect of a permanent settlement. But the loyal clei'gy were, l)y this time handed over to the tender mercies of a Committee for Scaiuhilous and Plundered Ministers, and Mr. Chiilnuer was distasteful to a majority of that 'accursed crew,' so he ventures to style them, (" Mandato tyrannico rn KarafxcTaTou delegatorum synedrii ex agro Salopico discedere coactus sum,") who in spite of all his efforts ami prayers banished him from the county. This expulsion was tlie more grievous, because lie had been obliged to pay £10, a sum which, in his tlicn circumstances, he couhl ill spai'e, to liis predecessor, Mr. Cnihvoi'th (probably a brothii' lit' the author of the I iitelleetual System), " pro introitu." Nothing which lie 1i;h1 hitherto iiiidcrgone, gave liitii, h(> assures us, so iiiiich concern. Yet in the midst (if this aillictiim he still fiiuls rooui for jiious gratitude. " Tlie divine mere}' " says he "did not fail me." His good Ill character raised liim friends in every emergency. He was invited to the School of Hawarden ; and though he complains of a multitude of poor children who were to be taught the rudiments of English, yet he soon collected a School of more than 100 gentlemen's sons. He tells, with much delight of their proficiency in learning and attachment to his person, of their representing the Captivi of Plautus and of their poetical contests with the boys of the neighbouring School at Chester. The plague (28th June, 1647), broke up his School at Hawarden, and drove him to Overton, whither his former success followed him. All these removals appear to have given him, if he had it not before, somewhat of a restless turn. He speaks of having been rejected hy the Wrexham cobblers, from which it is plain he had been soliciting a situation there ; and of removing in 1652, to the School of Stone, where in a short time he collected 122 Scholars, and three of the intermediate years he had passed as domestic tutor in the family of Sir John Puleston, at Emrall, where he found his pupils more than ordinarily dull, " pueros pessimje indolis." At Stone he continued in peace and quietness for about two years, when he was induced to quit it for the School of Ruthin, upon which he enters Aug. 1653, with a devout prayer, and an admission that his enemies, who, as he says, were very many, called him, ' a rolling stone that would never gather any moss.' The truth is, that besides that restlessness of disposition which seems to have been imputed to him not without justice, Mr. Chaloner had another propensity very much calculated to create enemies at all times, but especially in such as those on which he was cast. He was too free of speech, and of this he was himself not insensible, for soon after his settlement at Ruthin he records that it had been the subject of some of his waking thoughts during the night, and he resolved to exercise a stronger restraint over himself in future. At the end of little more than two years the poor man was obliged to make another removal. In Cromwell's anger against all the royalists for the ill-judged rising in the West, he inhibited, by his sole authority, Nov. 1655, any person who had been sequestered for delinquency (i.e. loyalty) from teaching School, and the new Major-General of North Wales, at the instigation, as Mr. Chaloner thinks, of the people of Wrexham, forced him to relinquish the beloved School of Ruthin. He allows, however, that he had forfeited all 112 hopes of averting tliis inliuman ordinance, hj liis own indiscretion.* Here- upon lie repaired to London, and presented a petition to the Lord Protector. His Highness referred hira to the Major-General and Commissioners, and they, as appears, at length consented to permit his return. ]\rr. Chaloner seems to have amused his leisure during his various ■wanderings bj dwelling with a melancholy satisfaction upon the society which he enjoyed while a resident in Shrewsbury. The names are most of them of the first rank in the county, with a slight mixture of an inferior class, reminding us of the much greater degree of intercourse which prevailed between the different classes of society in that age than is the case at present. " "When I lived in Shrewsbury these persons following were a knot of companye-keepers at the Sextrye." Tlie Sextry is now callctl King's Head Shut, and leads from High Street to Princess Street. Formerly it cnnunuui- cated with St. Chad's Church by a covered way. The old house now standing is the tavern of Chaloncr's day. Sir Francis Oatley ]\Ir. Richard Oat ley j ^Ir. Ponsbery Owen Vdead. Mr. Thomas Barker Mr. Ireliinil Mr. John Xcdham, slaino at taking the townc. John Brigdale, inkejier, dead. Jack Usgate, living Dec. 1652. Dick "Williams, living. Sir Michaell Ernley, slayne at taking the towne. Sir William Yaughan, slavn at Tredagh. Sir R. Lee, papisted. ]\Ir. Rich. Owen, dead. Mr. Kynaston, of Oatley, dead. Sir Thomas Lister, dead. * It was in a funeral sermon that lie committed this fully, atul ho fjives us a sketch of the offensive passage. " Let no one think amiss," said he, "of the deeoased Ijecaiise he did nut conform, in all things, to the religion of our new reformers. As long as we hold faith in fumlanu'ntals, and ]iay olicdicnce, men should not raise a clamour concerning indilfcrent points, and niattcis merely circumstantial. The late King .lames, wlio was very fond of a jest, pretended once to see a star at noon -day. One of his courtiers, at length, avowed that he .saw it ; and by degrees the rest of tho company came into the same story, except one, who said his eyesight was not ({ood enough to discern it. Say you so, (pioth .lames, you are an honest fellow, ami the rest knaves wdio are rearly to s.ay anything to curry favour with me. So, continued Mr. Chaloner, I do not deny that a new state of reformation hath ari.sen in our ecclesiastical hcmis]dierc. Hut if any of you arc so jimblind or short-sighted as not to see it, and ingenuously owns as niuidi, he is, in my opinion, an honi'stcr man than those timc-scrvcrs and hunters after ]ircdernient, who exi laim : A star ! a star ! thoiigli, peih.ips, all tin' while, they see no sucli thing " Our limits will not admit the original Latin, wliich docs more credit to the ingenuity of llr. Chaloner than to his pruilencc, and as to the story, it is probably a pure fiction as applied to King James, for it nuiy bo found, admirably told by Era.snins. t lie was a younger brother of Sir Francis, and a member of Line oln College, Oxford. 113 " When I lived in Saloj? my acquaintance were tliese following with whom. I was most familiar : — David Evans. » Thomas Hay ward. Kobert Forster. Joseph Baynes. Mr. Roger Owen. l^'l'''''' [Betton Kobert ) J \ -}'■ Richard \ John -StiulL Peter ) Andrew Griffies. Vnow living. Simon AVeston. \lead all. Vicar Lloid. Mr. Poole, minister. Mr. Th. Bromhall. Ben Evans, of Raven." When we read of the Head Master spending much of liis leisure in a tavern we must not suppose that such a habit was as exceptional as many persons would consider it in the present day. Railways have even in our time completely altered the social condition of such places, while if we go back as far as Chaucer we shall find that the landlord of the Tabard was a Scholar, and he generously defrayed the expenses of his guests to Canterbury. " Bold of his speech and wise, and well yetaught, and of manhood him lacked righte nought." Then at Malpas in later days (a fine old country town on the borders of Shropshire), there are hotels — empty indeed now — but they speak of the luxurious times they have seen, by their architecture. In one of them is a panelled room, and a stranger is shown the chair where James I. sat incognito, when he was entertained by the Rector and Curate who were paying their daily visit to the tap room, and the monarch divided the wealthy living into two. The tale is not historically true, but it has been firmly l)clieved for generations, and it is implicitly relied on yet, so that it is as valuable as if it rested on undoubted authority for showing the acknowledged customs of the time. In a previous chapter we recorded that the Head Master, ]\Ir. Meighen, met some of the principal county gentry at the Gullet, a similar house to the Sextry. Chaloner was soon, however to quit Ruthin, for in the following year, when Mr. Adams founded his School at Newport, Nov., 16-56,* he appointed Mr. Chaloner the first Head Master ; and it must give every ingenuous mind real pleasure to be told that he owed his promotion to the strenuous exertions * Mr. Ailanis liad in a will dated 1G50, made provision for the establishment of this School in case of his death. r 114 of Tliomas Gilbert, cliaplain to Oliver Cromwell and Bector of Edgmond. This Bishop of Shropshire as lie was generally called, who could have no inducement to protect Mr. Chaloner, but compassion for his persecutions, and a conviction of his merits, displayed a rare and very estimable superiority to sectarian prejudices in recommending to this School one so diametrically opposed to him on the great topics in Church and State which then agitated every mind. Indeed it is manifest that Chaloner must have been an estimable man, In* the many friends which he made wherever he went. He opened School at Newport, Jan. 7th, l()r)(i-7, with his son for under- master, and by the close of 1658 they had 244 Scholars, many of them sons of the first gentlemen in this and the neighbouring counties. Newport is very pleasantly situated on the borders of Shropshire anil Staffordshire, and it is exceedingly central. Highroads to Market Drayton, Stafford, AVolverhampton, AVellington, and Shrewsbury meet here, and at the time when Chaloner taught it was more important than it is now. William Adams who founded the School was what is called a haberdasher, or a member of that Guild, and an Alderman of the City of London. Its principal lands are situated at Knighton Grange, and it is probably through the influence of Thomas Gilbert that Cromwell exempted the school lands from all kinds of taxes, either parochial or government. When Chaloner was here, Newport must have been the centre of a great number of landed estates, and how well he filled his offices among them, the numbers that attended the School would indicate. He was spared the nnhappiness of seeing his favourite abodr in ilanics, for six months aftei' he was buried at St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, 100 hdiiscs wliich must have compi'ist'd a great pai't of Newport were burned to the ground. 'JMicv wvw estimated at L'oO, ()(•() in vahie. On the 4th and lnth of Deccml)ei', lOoT, he addressed two copies of verses to AVill. I)u Caiil, Schoolmaster of Merchant Tayk)rs, on his l^exicon of the Greek Testament, and they are prefixed to the edition of that woi'k published at London, KJOO. The last of these short poems is here inserted as a specimen of his grniiis, and as containing some alhisions to his personal history. J)u Gard's woi'k con)})rises all the words of the Xi'w Tt'stamcnt in their respective inflections, and it is ujwn this circumstance that Air. Chaloner's lines are founded. 115 Plostello innixus, paulatim parvulus infaiis Assuescit teneris terrain contingere plaiiti.s, Bracliiaq' adstantis fastidit iiota pucllii'. Ilia videns, ridensc] siiiiul. milii gratulor, iiifjuit, Tsedia defessis tandem excussisse lacertis. Caiiitiem septena niilii jam lustra tuloruiit Dictanti pueris lingua' priiiiordia Ora>c;i'. Ah quoties duri post t;cdia longa laljoris Hora fatigatum diniisit quinta Magistrum ! Tu plaustrum, Dugarde, scholis puerile parasti, Cui tarda incitens tironuni infantia, posthac Figere sponte sua gressus, et poplite moto Alternare pedes per Grwca volumina possit. Neglectus gaudetq tuens nieditamina doctor. Ergo tibi grates deliemus, quotquot ubivis Ingenuain faeili pubem moderamur liabena. Nemo niagis, quani cujus adhuc vexata procellis Innumeris perpessa irani coeliq marisq, Tandem tuta, Novo consedit cymbula I'ortit.'' But the hope expressed by Mr. Chaloner in these lines that lie should find a permanent repose at Newport were not realized. Very soon after they were written the monarchy was restored, and the Act of Uniformity two years later obliging Mr. Pigot to retire, made way for the retnrn of Chaloner to that School, though he intimates that he should not have left Newport if things had gone on to his mind there. " I, T. C, after an exile of nineteen years return to my ancient province. For the under-master of Newport (we hope this was not his own son), behaved so imperiously and deceitfully to me, that I could not bear to associate with him any more, and so removed hither * 111 English somewhat to the following effect : — As when the go-cart tempts the asjiiring boy To walk alone, the nurse maid sees with joy The young advent'rer ]ily his tender feet, Her arms no longer tax'd to hear his weight ; So me, grown grey with age and spirits spent In teaching day by day the rudiment Of Grecian lore for Hvc and thirty years, DuErard, your literary go-cart cheers ; Tir'd of my daily task, how oft with glee I've heard the clock strike five and set me free. ]?ut now such ceaseless toil will not be needed, Our labour hy your Manual superseded. And iiuich we masters ought to sing his praises Who thus conducts our boys through Grecian mazes. Not least myself, wliose back so long the prey Of angry winds, and waves more tierce than they. At length escaped the dangers of the seas Awaits in this New-Port repose and ease. — J. 13. l>. IIG (/. e. to Slirewsbury), witlimy second wife, and some young gentlemen whom I placed in their several classes on the 4th of March." Mr. Chaloner was buried at St. Mary's, Oct. 21st, 1664. The evil effects the Civil War had upon the country at large may be well gathered from a letter of the Mayor of Shrewsbury, dated July oOth, 1649, in answer to an application from St. John's College for payment of arrears on the Annuity of two Scholarships referred to on page 108. " Besides you cannot bee ignorant of the disability that these times hath put vpon all places in the nation for the constant payment of such charges and Anuietyes, especially vpon townes and Corporations possessed by the King's party, where they and their revenues were subiect to the will and pleasure of their adversaryes, and to give you a more ful accompt of the condition of this Corporation, for two years or more it was in the possession of the King's party wholy. During which time those lands charged with the anuiety lying very neare the Garison and vnder the power of the Souldiery yielded no profit to the Corporation; nor was the condition much amended for two yeares after the Towne came to be Garisoned by the Parliament; other Garisons of the late King continued so neare that the Tennaunts of these lands could not enjoy the same in peace, and these farmers haue since by reason of their disability to make payment been acqutted of their rents." From this extract we may gather some idea of the terrible effects of the only Civil AVar in England. The 'only one' because the wars of the Roses were wars of tenantry and nobles, and kings, and the l)oroughs generally took little IiihmI df tlicm. Happily we know no other kind of warfare in our confines. What the awful visitation of a foreign army, who enter a country as conquerors, and speak a strange language might be we cannot ti-ll. But those who have read the pages of Arndt and Scheiermacher will understand how widely the troubles of ShreAvsbury differed from those of the great Colleges of Bonn, or Jena, or Heidelburg, when Napoleon's soldic-ry swai'incd into the towns, and students were sent lionu'. College chests were emptied, jind |i;iiiic stricken professors sought refuge In sccluilcd lionses, often running the gauntlet of flights of bullets, and not iit all secure, even wlu'u they reached their resting i)lace, and yet some of tlicm wrote great works in their years of seclusion, and indeed privation, thiuugh all the clang of arms. CHAPTER XI. Election op Taylor. — His Death. — Appointment of Me. Lloyd.- Mi!. Lloyd's Resignation. — Appointment of Dk. Phillips. OR six months after Mr. Pigott's dis- missal tlie Second Master, Mr. Cotton, elected in 1659, discharged the duties of Head Master, and two 3-ears later, on the deatli of Mr. Chaloner, it was natural that he should lay claim to the office, the statutes expressly providing that if found competent by the Bishop the Second Master should be admitted to the Head Master's place. In this, however, he was disappointed, for on the vacancy being made known to St. John's College, they presented Mr. Andrew Taylor, formerly a Scholar here, but then a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Lord Newport, however, interested himself in behalf of a Mr. Bull; which produced the following letter to his Lordship from Bishop Hacket : — To the right lion"" Francis Lord Newport, &c. My very good Lord, I will not proceed about the chief Schoolmaster's place, till by these, I make your Lordship acquainted, how far it is at the present upon the anvil. St. John's College hath sent one Taylour to me with their presentation, and I perceive not but that he is a capable person ; yet I have suspended to admit him upon pretence that Cotton hath not legally as yet given over his claim. But my true intent is to take time to send your Lordship word, that unless St. John's College will also present Mr. Bull to me, that I may chuse lis of the twaiue wliom I like, I am liable to a complaint, if I do not dispatcli Taylour according to the ordinances of the School. I am of the same opinion with your Lordship, that the little crafty creature Archbold hath wrought all this for Taylour ; but so likewise Mr. Richard Tavloar of Shrewsbury is very zealous for him. I hope about Candlemass to see your Lordship at the Parlament, and to confer more upon this and other aifairs, and to perswade your Lordship to a more generous contribution to the vast expense required to repair the Church of Lichfield. God preserve your Lordship to enjoy the comfort of many new years. .Ian. 7tli, 1001. Joiix Cov. and Lu'II. Andrew Taylor succeeded, having been nominated by St. John's College, Nov. 30th, 1664, and approved by the Bishop on the 1-lth of the following .lanuary. He was a grandson of Andrew Taylour, who was admitted of this School in 1588, and who was a younger son of John Taylour, of Longdon- ujion-Tern, ancestor of those of Rodington and now of Buntingsdale. Mr. Taylor, the Head Master, himself received a part of his education at Shrewsbury School. He was afterwards on the foundation of Eton, became a Fellow of King's College Cambridge, and proceeded B.A., in 1001, but does not appear to have taken any higher degree, or ever entered into Holy orders. He married the widow of Edward Cotton, the late Second Master, wlio died in 1068, and left one daughter. Taylor held tlio Head Mastership for 23 years, and diuiug his tenure of office but little of the School history is known. It is probable tliat under his rule the entry of Scholars remained good, for although the School Register cannot be found, it is recorded in 1684 that 67 Scholars were entered, and in 168o there were 58. The closing years of his life were anxious ones for the country. The 'I'owii Charter was required to be delivered uj), but the Coi'- poratioii lni- twclxr months resisted this dcniiiiiil. Shi'ewsbnry was deemed ill-affectfil, iiinl was lookiMl upon with suspicidii. ('(Hispiracics ami plots were oontiiHially hn-med to obtain for either party the inlliionce which they desired in the ccjntrol of town affaiis. The accession of James to the throne increased this feeling, and dining the whole of his reign his object was to advance the 119 Roman Catholic religion. Cambridge was somewhat too sturdy, and he left it pretty much alone, but tried to force Catholic professors upon Oxford. A Catholic was presented to the Deanery of ('lirist Church, and James even attempted to force a Romanist of evil life, and not cpialified by scholarship to be the President of Magdalen, then the wealthiest of Oxford Colleges. The College resisted this appointment, but the Fellows were afterwards over- powered by the King. Still a feeling of resistance had begun to develop itself in the countrj^, as when James ordered the young Duke of Somerset to introduce the Papal Nuncio into the presence chamber, and on receiving for answer that it would be against the law, was sharply told that as King he was above the law. "Your Majesty may be, but I am not," was the reply; and even the Duke of Norfolk, the most conspicuoiis and excellent of Catholics, on more than one occasion made use of equally incisive retorts. James made a special visit to Shrewsbury in 1687, and though we are told that " all the conduits ran with wine the day his Majesty came to town," and though we find in the local histories an account of the great expenses the Corporation incurred to welcome their royal guest, we cannot for a moment douljt but that, like the rest of England, they were appalled at the shocking proceedings of Judge Jeffreys, who had not long before comj^leted his murderous assize in the South, and received rewards and honours from the King. Many Salopians then living would also remember him as a Scholar at the Grrammar School. Lord Campbell sums up his life tersely when he says, speaking from his own vast experience : that no man is quite as black as he is called even among those who have lived in the most evil report ; and when he was writing the Lives of the Chancellors, and Jeffreys' name came up in du(.^ course, he set himself to work cheerfully to clear away at any rate some of the infamy which has made him a by-word in history. Little by little however his hopes faded away, and he was compelled to admit that Jeffreys was the one solitary exception to his rule. At this assize which even yet is spoken of in Somersetshire villages as a thing of yesterday, he condemned gentle women to the scaffold, and even the faggot for no higher a crime than sheltering fugitives from Sedgemoor battle-field. He took bribes openly to pardon the accused, and broke his word as soon as he had received them, and though it would seem incredible (unless it rested on undoubted authority), the agonies of his panic-stricken victims were congenial to his soul. It may 120 easily be conceived liow tlie townspeople were dismayed Ijy tlie King's visit, for Lis Chief Justice was a man after his own heart, and he designed to place a head-master of his own choosing over their School. Taylor was in his last illness, and the Catholics had procured the admission of Sebrand, a Jesuit, to the list of Burgesses* in order to forward his election to the Head-mastership. But the Salopians were not asleep. A meeting was quietly held, and a secret resignation of Mr. Taylor was accepted by those who would doubtless make his closing days easy. A willing messenger proceeded by forced marches to Cambrido-e, and for want of a better man Richard Lloyd was nominated. The Bishop approved, and the Bailiffs and Burgesses hastily inducted him. Great was the astonishment of the King's party, who had prepared a Royal mandamus for the election of Sebrand, but it was all too late. It was feared that the King would attempt to reverse the appointment, but the rumblings of discontent which caused his ignominious flight in the following year, had jjenetrated the dull ears even of James. The citizens were not one moment too soon in their action, for ]\Ir. Taylor only survived two months. Richard Lloyd succeeded to the ofl&co. He was born in Frankwell, Shrews- bury, about 1G61, and was a son of Grithth Lloyd a Burgess. He was educated under Mr. Taylor, and admitted of St. John's, Cambridge, where he proceeded 15. A., Iii7'.t., -M.A. 1683, and was elected a Fellow of his College. + He was nominated Head Master of this School, Nov. 20th, and licensed by the Bishop on the 27th of the same month. The School during the earliest part of his Head Mastershiji flourished greatly under his care, and sent out man}' able Scholars, as IMr. Clarke, Dr. Taylor, &c., but it relapsed very much in his later years. In 1710 the first-class contained 7 boys, the second as many, the third 0 ;iinl the i'ouitli only 3. As an instance of the decay we may allude to an affidavit of the Rev. Benjnmin Winglicld, ])ublic preacher of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, made Jan. 2nd, 1 7 I-!, in whicli he states: "'i'liat he was admitted a Scholar of Shrewsbury School and continued there under Mr. ITotchkiss the under-master, one year and part of another, but was removed from thence to Wem School for his better education as were several other Scholars about • TliiH was on the 30th June, 1686. He is marked in the list, " Mort sine e.xit niascul." + In a letter from the Burser of St .lolm's, Aiiril lltli, 1C85, ajuiareiitly to Mr. Taylor, tlin lleail Master (liut the ilirection in torn oil), <'om|ilaiiilnf{ heavily of the arrears of the Shrewshiiry Exhiliitioiicis, who hail, in t'oiiHeipieni'e lieen put out of commons, he .say«, " no other Siholar shall lu' eirctcil into Sir llloyil's place (now vojdj, till the College he satisl'yed ; who was chosen llcllow last Monday sennight, " 121 that time, Shrewsbury School then being in low repute, and the chief School- master at that time by his age and infirmities rendered incapable to discharo-e his duty." Mr. Lloyd had a stall in the College of Brecon, with another in the Cathedral Church of Hereford, and in consequence of this he held the vicarao-e of Sellake in Herefordshire, which finally obliged him to quit his office here. An information was filed against him in Chancery by the Attorney-General at the relation of Bulkeley Mackworth, Esq., and others for breach of the sixth ordinance which forbade any Head Master to have any parochial cure. In consequence of the decree granted, Mr. Lloyd left the School in July, 1722 after nearly 36 years service. There were only 16 Scholars when he resi' " Oct. 8tli, 17:37, was y" last day Mr. Mansfield Price, 2'"' Schoolm'' came to School, he having before resigned." "Xov. 8tli.— Humphrey Parry, M.A., was admitted 2'"' M'' by Robert ^Jore, Esq., tlun ^fayor." " Oct. lUtli. — John Brickdale came to School to say y' he w'' teach no more." "Xov. 21st, 17:'7.— Arthur Yaughan was adiuitted 3'' Master." "Sept. :liitli, 174U. — Mr. Yaughan resigned y^ o** Scliool, and on Oct. 15th following, John Brooke, A.B., was admitted by Edward Twiss, then Mayor." Ill 172-"), whilst second Master, IMr. Hotchkiss published " Exccrpta ^liscellanea ex probatissimis lingnte Latinaj autoribus. In nsum sc]io1;b Salopiensis," and these he signed in his notes : Posthabeo tamen illdi'uni mea seria ludn. This little book was printed at London ; Shrewsbury, it may be ])resumeil, alturding at that time no printer equal to the task. Though niuloubtcdly a learned man, Mr. Hotchkiss was not a successful llea» )) 1743 14 1738 - 33 J» ») M 1744 - 12 1739 - 29 »J )» 'J 1745 - \o 1740 - 16 128 The decreasing number of entries in the later years sliow tliat under his ' rule the school was gradually declining, and he would have resigned earlier than he did but for fi-iends who persuaded him to remain. He felt sorry at the declining condition of the School as we gather from a letter dated Aug. 1st, 1750: "I have but two or three boys a year from Mr. Parry (second Master), and I do not see more than seven or eight in his School now, except four who ought to be in mine. It is a melancholy state to be in and I wish to be out of it." On July 2nd, IToi, he resigned, and afterwards became Incumbent of Battlefield, an exceedingly interesting Church near Shrewsbury, which was built by Henry lY. to commemorate the battle that will live for ever in history, through Falstaff and his recorded deeds. He continued to live in Shrewsbury near enough to look out on the School Garden, and to borrow books from the School Library. It has been suggested that a passage wliicli occurs in a letter from the Rev. G. Ashby, where he speaks of the company he met at Dr. Taylor's (who was the intimate friend of Hotchkiss), refers to the Head Master of Shrewsbury himself. Speaking of the company lie met there he says that some of them were " the dullest companions ])0ssible ; one of them who I think had been a Schoolmaster, of all men I ever met the stupidest." Mr. Hotchkiss died in 1771, in his 80th year. Mv. Hotchkiss was succeeded Ity the Rev. Charles Newling, M.A., son of the Rev. Atlaui Newling, Vicar of Montford and Shrawardiue, and Rector of Fit/., to wliicli livings he had been ])resented by John Bromle}', Esq., father of the first Lord Montford. Mr. JN'ewling's mother was a sister of Mr. William Clarke, who it will be remembered was nominated to the Head ^Mastership in 172o, at the time the Corporation chose Mr. Owen, and Avho soon after retired to Essex. Charles was his eldest son and was Itoru at IMontl'ord, in 1728. lie was entered on the roll of Shrewsbury School in 17o'.>, was educated under Mr. Hutclikiss, and went to St. John's College, Cambridge, of which he became a i'ellow, and ]ii-i)cee(le(l 15. A., 1 7 1-7, and M.A., 1751. Mr. Xewling's appointment dates Oct. 3rd, 1 7-') 4, and being in the prime of life and very liiu'lily and desei'Vedly beloved and esteenie(l, he lii'onght the School into a very high state of reputation, lie had g(>nera.lly more than (id Ijoarders in his house, many of whom were from 1 he pi-incipal families in t his and 129 the neiglibom-ing counties, and by all of these his memory was highly venerated. Dr. Adams in a letter to Dr. Taylor, June 19th, 1754, while his appointment was in agitation writes : " I heartily wish Mr. Newling success in this affair, whom I look upon as the likeliest, if not the only person, to retrieve the credit of the School." One of his Scholars thus writes in after life of him : " Mr. Newling was a perfect gentleman in his manners ; his countenance extremely handsome. From everything like assumption he was indeed most remote, and his conversation displayed a gennine good hnmonr which pnt the younger persons that were admitted to his company quite at their ease." My. Xewling was presented in 1764 to the second j^ortion of Pontesbury, which he held for Mr. Edward Leighton till 1709. In Augnst, 1770, he was presented by Archbishop Cornwallis to the rectory of St. Philip's, Birmingham, with the annexed prebend and treasurership in Lichfield Cathedral. It was tlie choice of the Archbishop's, to whom Mr. Newling became known by having superintended in earlier life the studies of two of his Grace's relations at Cambridge, Thomas Townshend, afterwards created Viscount Sydney, and his brother, Henry Townshend, Lieut. -col., but he was much more strongly recommended by his own merits. In his letter to Mr. Newling offering him this preferment the Archbishop Shjs: "I promised Mr. Townshend to do something for you long ago if an opportunity offered, which did not during my continuance in that diocese. I am now at liberty to make you an offer of this preferment, which I do with pleasure, as thinking you equal to the undertaking, though of no small consequence . . . The duty is great, and requires a man of prudence and ability to execute it well, and such I take you to be . . . you may imagine I have been much solicited about the disposal of it, but have thought it of so much consequence, that my chief consideration has l)een how to dispose of it for the real advantage of the parish and my own credit. If you accept it, I am satisfied I shall have obtained those points which will be real satisfaction to me." In consequence of this preferment to which two years later the portion of Westbury in dextra parte was added, he resigned his Head Mastership, and divided his remaining years between his two benefices, at the latter of which he died, March 17th, 1787, in the COtli year of his age. He was buried at Shrawardine where he has a monument, but his parishioners of St. Philip's 130 erected another very handsome one in that Church, "to the memory " as is there expressed " of their most vahied Friend and highly respected Pastor, as a sincere and histing Testimony of their Affection and Esteem, and fnmi a perfect knowledge of his real Worth and numerous Virtues." On the resignation of Mr. Xewling the Rev. James Atcherley, of Magdalen College, Cambridge, was appointed to succeed him. He was nominated Tliird Master of the School in 1755, Second Master in 1763, and Head Master in 1770. He was Head Master 28 years, but there is nothing very satisfactory to record in the History of the School. He is said to have left it very much to take care of itself, yet one of the books ])resented to the School Library, bv the Rev. Joseph Thomas, is given " In testimony of respect and gratitu(k> for the education whicli he received under the worthy and Rev. James Atcherley, Head Master." He is also blamed for the little care he took of the Library; but the Rev. A. T. Paget, who devoted much study to the History of the Benefactors of the Library, writes : " From the book in which the volumes lent out are registered he seems to have been careful as well as o-ood natured." AVe are unable to give any idea of the number of Scholars or of the admissions to the Schools. The son of the late Head Master wrote : " There was a large folio volume of the admissions at the Schools, which after having been filled to the period of my father's resignation was given to Mr. Atcherley that he might continue it in the same manner." The same unfortunate record is given of this book as of so many documents which would cliiciilatc tlie School History,- — " Tliis valuable M.S. has disappeared." Dr. Pai'i' calls .Mr. Atchcrh'v " tlic vulgar iguoraut Master of the School," liut we can scarcely give much weight to this statement, because, though Dr. Parr was certainly not ignorant, he was himself the very last person we slioulil consider a just interpreter of Avhat was vulgar, it must, however, be conceded that for 43 long years Mr. Atcherley worked on at the Schools, and yet practically duiiug no time of the School's History is there less to record. He resigned in 17'.l''^, and I'cccivcd a ]H'nsion of L'ltHI a-ycar from tlie School, and liccanic \'icar of livdbury North, in Sliropshirc. lie died at Mridgnorth, Marcli :'.i'd, ls(i|.. Defoi'e closing tliis chajitei- we may rt'\\:v to the financial condition of the School. Thi' Income dei-lved I'roin the til lies given liv its rounilei' had l:]l gradually increased, and as the leases of the tithes fell in, they were generally let at higher rents. Take for example those of Chirbnry : In 1578, they were £120; in 1G57, £186 Is. Od. ; and in 1775, £220. The total income of the School in 1578, amounted to £182 7s. 5d. ; in 1638, this had grown to £325 7s. Od. ; in 1657, to £369 18s. 8d. ; in ] 751, to £397 Is. lid.; in 1 775, to £642 2s. 5d. ; and in 1780, to £697 5s. od. The expenditure had, it is true, increased, the principal items being the payments to the Masters and the stipends to the Clergy. For convenience the payments have been arranged in tabular form under the same years : — 1 .'37 8 1G3^ 16.5' ', 1 775 £ s. d. £, s. d. £, s. d. £ s. d. The ISalary of the Head Master .. 40 0 0 50 0 0 60 0 0 60 0 0 „ „ Second 30 0 0 3.5 0 0 45 0 0 45 0 0 „ Third 20 0 0 2.5 0 0 30 0 0 30 0 0 Fourth 10 0 0 10 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 The Curate of St. Mary's 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 40 0 0 „ Chirbury 9 0 8 50 0 (1 50 0 0 5(1 0 (J Clive 5 0 0 .5 0 (1 r^ 0 0 13 6 ,s The Catechist and Reader )) 2(1 0 0 20 0 0 20 (' 0 Other miscellaneous items occur making the total expenses of the School in 1578, to amount to £158 17s. 9d. ; in 1640 to £239 lis. Id.; in 1657 to £276 lis. Id. ; and in 1775 to £352 15s. lid. In 1776 the stipends to the Masters and the various Clergy were increased, but all the regulations and orders made were eventually, after they had been in use for nearly 250 years, superseded by an Act of Parliament. This Act was obtained in 1798, and reference will be made to it in the next chapter. CHAPTER XIII. The Rev. S. Butler APPOI^'TED Head Mastee, 1798. — His Resigxatiox, 1836. — Coxseckated Lori> Bishop of Lichfielh. Reform of tlie constitution of the Scliool now became a pressing question, many of tlie rules and ordinances were found from experi- ence to be inexpedient and ineifectual, while the state of its revenues called for some thorough reforms. With rcL^aid to the latter many disputes had from time to time arisen, and were cmitinually arising between the lessees (if the tithes and the proprietors of the lands titheable to the School. Through these litigations money owing to the revenues had been lost, while the expense of constant lawsuits had been great and threatened even to be o-reater. The Trustees, looking at these exigencies and also at the decayed state the School had fallen into, found it necessary to make vigorous efforts to meet the difficulties. To effect the inijirovements required, a Special Act of Parliament was applied for, and after nmch consultation with the Master of St. John's College and the Bishop of Lichheld, the provisions of the Act were agreed to, and the doubts and discussions as to the Charter, or the Ordinances, or the tripartite Indenture were at once ended when the Act for regulating the School was procured. It was called " An Act for the better (lovernment and reo-ulation of the Free Grammar School of King Kdward tlie Sixth at Shrews- bury," and obtained the Royal Assent, 38 George 111,1 7'.KS. Hy this Act the whole of the Oi-dinaiici's known as ".Mr. Ashton's " antl the "Bailiffs" were repealed, except those under which the Scholarships and F('llo\vshi])s at St. John's College were founded. The Mayor of Shrewsbury for the lime being (as chairman), with twelve other gentlemen were incorporated as Trustees of the School mill its revenues, instead of the ('iir|Hir;it ion, who friHii the fomidalioii liinl heri'tofni'e coiilnil. The lirst Trustees were: — Nathaniel iietton, gent., then Mayor; Sir ( 'liarles Oakeley, JiaiL, of the Abbey ; Thomas i'lytoii, lvs(|., of Welliiigtoii; \\'illi;ini Cludde, Esij,, of Oileton : 'I'lioiiias i'enilierton, i'lsi]., of Millicliope ; ileiiry lievan, Edward Burton, and Joseph hi^xdale, Esquires, 13:3 all of Shrewsbury; tlie Rev. Joseph Plymley, Archdeacon of Salop; the Rev. John Rocke, Rector of Clungnnford ; the Rev. Hng-li Owen, Vicar oF St. Julian's, Shrewsbury; the Rev. Richard Wilding, of Little Strettou ; and thi' Rev. Thomas Stedman, Vicar of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury. Visitor: — The Hon. and Rt. Rev. James Cornwallis, Lord Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. The Trustses were author- ised to have a common seal, and to act as a body 2:)olitic, and as such plead or defend in any case in their own right. The appointment of foundation Masters was left entirely in the hands of the Master and Fellows of St. John's College, with the approval of the Bishop. By this arrangement the claim of the Corporation to elect was gone, and what had been a fruitful source of litigation for so many years was ended, but the claims of the Burgesses (antient Freemen) that their children should be taught gratuitously was as thoroughly established. Soon after the Act was obtained Mr. Atcherley and the other ^Masters, the Rev. S. Johnson 2nd Master, the Rev. J. Mathews 3rd Master, and thr Rev. J. Rowlands 4th Master resigned, and the College appointed the Rev. Samuel Butler to the Head Mastership. Mr. Butler was Ijorn 3()th Jan., 1774, at Kenilworth, where his father, William Butler, was a draper. He was educated at Rugby, into which School he was admitted March 31st, 1783; entered sizar at St. John's, Oct. 14th, 1791 ; and pensioner, Jan. 22nd, 1792. He was Browne's Medallist Latin Ode, 1792 and 1793; Greek Ode, 1794; Craven Scholar, 1793, against 17 other candidates, amongst whom were Dr. Keate, Head Master of Eton, S. T. Coleridge, the poet (who in after life preached at the L^nitarian Chapel, at Shrewsbury, and had almost accepted 134 tlie office of Minister of it), and Bisliop Betliel of Bangor; Fo\irtli Senior Optime and Senior Medallist, 179G; First Member's Prizeman, 1797 and 1798. Elected Foundation Scholar of St. John's, Nov. 5tli, 1792; admitted, Nov. 6th; elected Piatt Fellow, April 3rd, 1797 and M.A., 1799. It is apparent from this wonderful list of honours that the College were in earnest in presenting to the Head Mastership the best of their Scholars, and indeed one of the best, if not the best, classical Scholars of the day. We cannot be surprised that the Trustees in announcing the re-opening of the School congratulated themselves in obtaining the services of " such gentlemen of excellent moral character, highly distinguished for learning and ability to fill the important office of First and Second Masters " The Second Master was the Rev. W. Adams, M.A., late Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, and ]\[r. Jeudw ine was appointed Assistant Master. We can scarcely realise the fact when we gravely read the salary of the Head Master was raised to £100 per annum, and £20 additional as Catechist and Reader. Yet with this paltry stipend, ^Ir. Butler decided to accept the office of Head Master when offered to liim by the College, shewing in his early days one of the principal traits of his life, carelessness of self-interest when duty called him to work. He was installed in the office on Monday, Oct. 1st, 1798, when many of tin' principal residents of the town and county were present. The Mayor, Mr. Loxdale (who had been one of the first to suggest that an Act of Parliament for the School be obtained), together with the Corporation, proceeded in State from the Town Hall to the Schools where they were received by the Head Master. The Mayoi- in delivering the keys of the School to Mr. Butler congratulated hiiu on his clci'tiou, as well as tlu' School that so distinguished a. Scholar had accepte(•(). 'I'lie games at Shrewsbury Schodl were somewhat limited in i)i-. IJutler's time. He endeavoured to suppress both hoal iul;' and rootiiall. hord ( 'ranlirook relates that when he was at the School they had to play foothall by stealth 139 and if a trip was taken on the river in the miserable ohl tubs of boats, and they happened to come in sight of any of the Masters, they rowed with tlicir jackets over their heads. Athletic sports were encouraged, but the limited area of the play-ground prevented many games l)eing carried on except at a great disadvantage by securing play-grounds a considerable distance from the School premises. The School Buildings received during Dr. Butler's term much atteudou at his hands. In 1815, the Library was practically re-built. It was originally a similar room to the Chapel, over it were chambers for the boarders. Externally the Building was a plain one with three gables on each side. In 1831, the tower was re-built, while the outside premises were much improved. Soon after Dr. Butler built a fine range of buildings at his own expense for private studies for the boarders. In 1832, the Duchess of Kent and the Princess Victoria honoured the Schools with a visit. An address from the boys was presented in the Upper Schoolroom. The occasion Avas made one of great rejoicing, and long remem- bered by the Scholars present. In Blackwood's Magazine, for April, 18GG, an old Scholar gives very interesting details of School Life, well worthy of a place in this History of the School, for from such sketches we may gather much of the real character of Dr. Butler, as well as a record of School Life in those days. He writes that there were many who " remembered lovingly that most intelligent and benevolent countenance, which, no less than the careful neat- ness of costume, marked the accomplished gentleman as well as the scholar, not too grave with all his learning to enjoy a joke with all the heartiness of a school boy." The accommodation, he tells us, was very inferior. And this the Bishop of Manchester, in his sermon on the opening of the New School Buildings confirms when he says, " it was almost Spartan in the fewness of its comforts and the hardness of its discipline." A single bed, though most boys had it, was charged as an extra luxury which must be paid for. In each Hall there was but one common washing room for all the boys, no accom- modation at all being provided in the bedrooms. A basin of skim milk, and a supply of dry thick toast formed the breakfast, and the supper was bread 140 and cheese. At dinner pudding was served before meat. The dinners themselves were fairly good except on "boiled beef" days, which were very unpopular. Remonstrance had been made in vain, and the result at last was something like a " School rebeUion well remembered as the Beef Row." By concerted arrangement on one day the boys in every Hall quietly rose from the table in a body and left the masters and the boiled beef alone. Dr. Butler was indignant, he came into each of the Halls after locking up and demanded from the leaders of the School a public apology for the insult, cri-s-incr them an hour for consideration, and placino- before them the alternative of immediate dismissal. The boys held together, and early next morning the whole of the Sixth Form — comprising no less than three who were to be the future heads of Colleges — were started to their respective homes. The rest of the boys declared themselves en-revolte. They would not go to School, and the Masters walked about the Court alternately threatening and persuad- ino" them. At last a gentleman of the town — an old Shrewsbury boy much respected — harangued the lads and persuaded them to surrender. Some concession seems also to have been made by a portion of the absent sixth, probably through home influence, and the matter ended by the return of all the Scholars. It was the only time during Dr. Butler's Head-mastership when the discipline of the School was seriously disturbed. Another account of the cuisine of Dr. Butler is given by a gentleman who was also his pupil aud a boarder in his house, and pro^ieuts a different picture. Since the above was written he has sent a very interesting account of some of his School experiences : " The boys might call it skim milk, but I can testify that it was not so ; I have often as a child gone to the School farm and seen the new milk despatched to the School, and this was done twice a day. I remember it had a singular interest for me. We had toast and milk fur breakfast, and l)read and cheese and small beer for su]i])er. But beyond this each boy had an allowance of forty shillings a term to spend at the grocers, in anv way he might think best, either in tea or coffee or sugar." It is not impii)hal)k' thai some of tlie self-willi'd and as such, more influential in the School, had nuich to do in formulating the grievance, and greatly ))aining Dr. liutlci'. Mnt the narrative as above given is on authority so high tliat it may be rclird (ni implicitly. 141 There is a story told of liis coming upon a small hoy in some locality which was strictly out of bounds, and the culprit taking refuge in an empty hogshead which stood before a grocer's shop. The doctor walked up to the shop door, and, after tapping the hogshead all round with his cane, remarked to the grocer that he had been looking out for an empty cask about that size, and desired it to be sent down to him "just as it was," the fright of the delinquent during the negotiation being his only ])unisliment. Stern as his threatenings were in the lectures delivered, somewhat incongruously, in lieu of sermons, after evening prayers in the School Chapel (when the offences of the week were sometimes reviewed), against delinquents who had been supposed to have been stealing ducks, breaking the farmer's fences, or riding their horses bare-backed in an impromptu steeplechase, his anger took a much milder form when his own apples and pears had proved too tempting for some of the smaller boys. But it was more serious in the case of any- thing like a personal insult to either of his familiars — Dinah, the boys' housekeeper, or John " Bandy," his factotum, who had to maintain the minor discipline of the hall in such matters as calling in the morning and taking away lights at night. On one particular occasion, Dinah made formal complaint — a very unusual circumstance — against the Sixth Form as a body. Both in their common room and in their studies, they had, according to her account, been coupling her name loudly, during the whole afternoon, with very bad language, "very bad indeed," though happily she did not understand the words. The offenders were summoned before the Doctor in his study, where he sat brimful of very natural indignation. It turned out that the bad language was Greek ; the subject of the next repetition lesson was the chorus in ' CEdipus Rex :' — " AEINA /jLtv ovv, 0€Lva TupiKTirei (ToAoi OKOi'oSeTa?." which the boys had been shouting out, all the more vociferously when they saw Dinah's delusion. It was the kind of joke which Dr. Butler could not resist, and he broke out into a paroxysm of laughter. Dr. Butler's senior assistant-master for many years was Frederick Iliff, a sound scholar and able teacher, strong in Tacitus and Thucydides, and with whom Matthife's Greek Grammar (the great authority in its day), was a text- book in constant use. Though by no means Dr. Butler's equal in elegant 142 scholarsliip, lie was not inclined to give way to liim on questions of grammatical criticism. He tanglit his Form (the Upper Fifth) in " Bromfield's Hall," in the School Lane. Sometimes in the course of a lesson, some point would arise upon which he was aware that he and his chief differed in their ^-iew when he would conclude his own interpretation with the significant remark, " vou may perhaps be told differently lower down the lane, but — ;" and there he would stop, with considerable emphasis. The influence which Mr. Iliff exercised on the School is best told in Ldnl Cranbrook's words : — "I cannot forget also that there was another AAith wlioni I was much connected when I came to the School, and that was Frederick Iliff. I began my career at his house. I would not advert to his learning and the admirable teaching given, but this I would say, he was the man who oji the first occasion I had anything to do with him, showed me that he deemed it his first dut}- as a master to place implicit confidence in boys who gave him no reason to suspect any dishonesty. He accepted as truth wliat- ever was said to liini." LiU'd Cranlirook added that lie could not pass by liis friend Mr. Iliff, because he gave Iiiin liis start in hie, and it was one of the things winch reconciled him to Shrewsbury amidst the man}- disadvantages which cvcrv bov had to contend with when thov arrived there. There was a punishment peculiar ri> the School in those days whieli is now- disused. In the corner of the old "Fourth Form School," afterwards occupied by the boards containing the list of linnoiirs, th(>re used to be a small four- square apartment, not nuich larger than a I'uneh-and-Judy box, lighted by a single narrow loophole— a receptacle for the flogging block, and other like apparatus. This was known as the Black Hole, or sometimes more faniiliailv as " Rowe's Hole" fi'om a traditionarv culiirit who had been a very regidnr occupant. Here younger offenders were occasionalh- locked up for some hours. It was patronised chiefly by ililT, in whose hall, somehow or other, there were usually a large proportion of those ii-rcgular characters who preferred the excitement of a poaching expedition to the due preparation of lessons and exercises. AN'hcn the oiiginal [irison was judlcd down, a small closet in tlie I'pper School was occasionally used hir the same purpose. It, was a ])oint of honour with a prisoner's friends to supplv him, while under rontinement, witli small bixui'ies fi-oiii the iiasl rv-cook's — not alwa\s an 143 unnecessary provision, for on one occasion two bo_ys were forgotten, and might have remained there all night had not one of them made his escape by breaking the lock and climbing down by a water-pipe into the School Conrt below. There were in Dr. Butler's time the usual "speeches" at Midsummer, in the preparation of which he took considerable pains, having the boys into his private library to practice. On more than one speech-day Dr. Parr, for whom Butler had an intense respect, was present, sitting in the seat of honour next to the Doctor, with his pipe in his mouth and his spittoon before him ; an arrangement which, together with his buzz-wig (probably the last surviving specimen) attracted considerable attention from the boys He was good enough to signify a gracious approval of some of the speakers by the quiet tapping of two forefingers of one hand on the palm of the other, an amount of applause which, as Butler assured the young performers, meant a great deal from so great a man. But the great School Festival in those days was the annual play at Christmas, in which Butler took almost as much interest as Ashton had done in the more elaborate spectacles which attracted Queen Elizabeth. In the week before breaking up, the large School was fitted up as a temporary theatre, and some time beforehand was spent in careful preparation. The season for the town theatre was then generally drawing to a close, and some half-dozen scenes, wings, &c., were readily lent by the manager, who liberally supplied all other properties required, even to the thunder, lightning, and rain for " King Lear." The performance was public, that is, the trustees, the neighbouring gentry, and so many of the most respectable townspeople as the School could accommodate, received invitations. A play of Shakespeare, with a farce to conclude, was the usual jDrogramme. There was a supper for the actors afterwards, not the least important part of the festival, to which old pupils were wont to contribute presents of wine. Some amusing scenes were occasionally enacted, which were not set down in the bill. There was usually an epilogue, written by one of the Masters, and spoken in character. On one occasion Garrick's farce of " The Lying Valet " had been acted with great applause, and the young actor who had sustained Mrs. Olive's part of "Kitty Pry" came again before the curtain to deliver the epilogue. By a not uncommon theatrical licence, one of the audience was to take part in the dialogue. Accordingly immediately upon 144 Kitty's entrance, a boy wlio was seated close behind Dr. Butler got up and saluted her with : " What, Kitty Pry again upon her legs!" Scandalised at what he thought an audacious interruption, the Doctor rose and turned round in boiling -RTath upon the speaker, and was hardly appeased, amidst the intense amusement of the house, when Kitty, not in the least disconcerted, replied in her pertest tone : " None of 3-our himperance, young man, I begs !" Ko one laughed more heartily at the mistake than the Doctor himself. This performance took place at Christmas, 1826, and it was only last vear that a letter was received fi-om an old scholar (since deceased) in which he writes that the scene was accurately described in Blackwood, as he was present at the time, and for long after it was remembered in the School. In varied ways Dr. Butler laboured on for 38 years deeply interested in his Scholars' welfare; his satisfaction, as he writes, in witnessing their improve- ment in classical literature, being infinitely surpassed by that which he felt from perceiving them likely to become honourable and good men. During this long service Shrewsbury Scliool attained a pre-eminence that even exceeded that of its former history, and the number of University Scholars that it produced caused the eyes of England to turn to it in wonder. During all these years the official stipend received by Di'. Butler was small. From the first his stipend was £120. In the year 1808 this was raised to £150. In 1815 it was £375, and from that time a further sum (instead of Burgesses' fees) was paid of £44, wliicli rose afterwards to £80. In 1823 it was £200 + 10; in 1827, £300 + 80; and in 1830 the burgesses' fees disappear, and the salary stood at £363. Well might the worthy Doctor write in one of his letters to Lord Brougham; — "Gramniai' Schools sliould not be made sinecures. Two and twenty years hai'd labour iu \]\v Scliool of which I am Master will bear strong attestation of my sentiments on this score." Still it inust not be supposed that the nominal stipend was the whole or even the principal part of Dr. Butler's revenues, which for at least twenty years must have been consiilcialilc The nominal stipend of Shrewsbury is as large as tliat in other Schools, and is never of niaguituilc. 'I'lic profits of till- Head Master rise iu cliici' measure fi'oiu tlic ]irivilcg(> of taking in boarders, and Forni fees. Indeed, as Di'. Mutlcr's purchase ol' AVldtcliall 145 would indicate lie was through the revenues that must accrue to his oiEce a comparatively wealthy man. In 1836, Dr. Butler resigned his post as Head Master, having purchased the beautiful residence of Whitehall on the outside or Shrewsbury, where we may suppose he had looked forward to ending his days in quiet and repose. But this was not to be. Soon after the resignation a meeting of old Scholars was held in London, to take the necessary steps to inaugurate some expression of the high estimation in which he was held by them. It was at this meeting that the Rev. B. H. Kennedy (his successor to the Head Mastership), gave the first intimation that Dr. Butler had been chosen the successor to the estimable Bishop Ryder, as Bishop of Lichfield. At a meeting of the Governors and Trustees, held May 23rd, 1836, it was unanimously agreed that their thanks should be heartily given for the unre- mitting assiduity and eminent ability with which for 38 years Dr. Butler had performed the duties of Head Master. At the speech-day, June 7th, 1836, this resolution exquisitely written on vellum, with the official seal of the School attached, and a richly chased silver casket were presented to Dr. Butler. The Butler exhibition of £100 per annum was also founded, Mr. Francis France, Sen. Classic in 1840, being the first Exhibitioner. At the same time Mr. Marsh, the Senior Scholar, presented the Head Master with a massive silver candelabrum of the value of 300 guineas, from the Scholars. The subject was a " Vine Branch with Geiiii pressing the fruit." It bore the following inscription: — "Vied ad prime venerando Samveli Bvtler, S.T.P. Infoematoei Fraestantissimo Patri Altebi Grate Pie Peramajstteb C.P. D.D., Alvmni qvot IN ReGIA ScHOLA SaLOPIENSII LITTERAS TVNG DISCEBANT QVVM ILLE ex ScHOLJi; MAGISTERIO QVOD XXXVIII AnnOS OrNAVERAT AD OeNANDVM EpiSCOPALEM OrdINEM Translatvs est A.S. MDCCCXXXVI." The Bishop in reply, after thanking them for their splendid present, added, " With regard to learning you have the walls of that School in which you are accustomed to see me, covered as you observe with a splendid list of names of those who have gone before you distinguished by the highest academic honours in both Universities, and I doubt not you will endeavour to tread in their steps. I trust indeed there will never be wanting within these walls a 146 succession of insrenuous youths fired witli noble emulation to imitate tliose who have gone before them." Dr. Butler, was nominated by Lord Melbourne, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and was consecrated July 3rd, 1836, at Lambeth. In December of the same year the Archdeaconry of Coventry was transferred to Worcester and the title of the bishopric changed to Lichfield only. On the 6th of October, a magnificent service of plate of the value of 1000 guineas was presented to the Bishop at Eccleshall Castle, his successor accompanied by a deputation of the committee making the presentation. This gift was entirely confined to the Bishop's old Scholars. It is sad to read that from the moment of his elevation to the Episcopal Throne to his death, he knew ]io day of health, scarcely an hour free from sufi^ering. Patient, unwearied, uncomplaining, submissive, he was an example to all, beloved by his Clergy and all with whom he was brought into contact. One visit the Bishop made to the scene of his life's labours was deeply interesting. He came to hold probably for the first time a Confirmation in the School Chapel, and there where he had served so long, he now as Bisho]) solemnly administered the rite of Confirmation to the Scholars who knelt before him. The Bishop was deeply affected, and the service was impressed iu a special manner on those assembled. It is no part of our task to trace the Bishop's work iu his diocese : lu^ laboured on as a tried servant of the Master he served, until on the -Itli December, 1839, at Eccleshall Castle, he passed away to his rest, and as one of his old Scholars wrote, " a great man liad served the good pleasure of God UTito his generation, and had now fallen asleep." He was buried by his own wisl) in St. Clary's Churchyartl, Shrewsbury, the Church so long connected with the School, and wlicre so many of the Masters had been interred. Along the road fimii Eccleshall every innik of respect was shewn, (he elniicli bells tolled at each village as llie iiinunirul cortege passed tlirough. Twenty-one carriages with the clergy and mourners met the hearse at Atcluim, three miles from Siirew.sbury. On arriving at tlie outskii-ts of the town the Corporation, tlio Local Clergy, tlie Masters of the School, and a lai-ge inimber of old Scholars and residents joined ilie procession. The day was one of general 147 inouruino- in the town, the shops were closed and the bells of the Churches rang muffled peals. It had been the wish of the Bishop that the funeral should have been strictly private, but it was found impossible to resist the mu'vcrsal feeling of deep respect which prompted so many to take part in paying the last tribute of affection to one they loved so well. His remains are covered by a plain stone bearing the following inscription : — LOCVS • SEPVLTVRAE • QVEM • SUM ■ ET • SVIS • VIVVS • NVNCVPAVIT • SAMVEL • BVTLER • ST P. • EPISCOPVS • LICHFIELDIENSIS. CONCESSA • FACVLTATE • ADSIGNATVS. Funeral Sermons were preached in Eccleshall Church by the Rev. Henry IMoore, Vicar, and at St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, by Archdeacon Bather. Only a few days elapsed before a meeting was held at the Schools, at which it was decided to erect a monument in the south Chancel of St. Mary's C'hurch. The proposal was taken up warmly, and all classes vied with each other in giving liberally, and shewing their gi-atitude for an eminent benefactor to the town, who, during his useful and honourable career laboured for their good in a life that was free from self-seeking. A sum of 800 guineas was subscribed and a full length figure of the Bishop in his episcopal robes, the right hand hanging over the chair and the left supporting the head which is leaning in thought, was sculptured by F. H. Baily, Esq., R.A. It is of pure white Carrara marble, and rests on a pedestal of dove-coloured marble from the Clee Hill. The following is the inscription : — SAMVELI BUTLER, S T.P., R.S.S. EPISCOPO LICHFIELDENSI PRAESVLI PIO DILIGENTI DESIDERATO PKAECEPTORI IN PRIMIS DOCTO AC SOLLERTI CVIVS FAVSTIS ADMINISTRATA CONSILIIS SCHOLA REGIA SALuPIENSIS LITERARVM STVnilS LAVDEII OMNEM SVPERGRESSA EST DISCIPVLI MVNICIPES AMICI ET FAVTORES EIV'S VIRO EGREGIE MERITO HONORIS EXEMPLIQVE CAVSA POSVERVNT A.S. MDCCCXLIV. 148 lu all public matters relating to the town at large, Bisliop Butler was a liberal helper, sparing neither labour nor means. On the formation of the Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society he was elected its first president. He was a Fellow of the Eoyal and Antiquarian Societies, the Royal Society of Literature, the Royal Geographical Society, and the Cambridge University Philosophical Society. After his death his marvellous collection of Antiquities, Etruscan vases, cabinets of Greek and Roman coins, antique gems and other treasures were disposed of by auction. A similar fate befell his extraordinarily choice Library, which made even the noted Thomas Frognall Dibdin wonder with astonishment at the rarieties displayed. "What more can be added before closing this brief notice of the distin- guished Scholar, the beloved friend and master, whose thoughts were always of the School he loved so well. His own words will be the most fitting. He had entered the last name of his many pupils in the School Registers, and he knew that his work in Shrewsbury School was finished. With trembling hand he added the following words Avhich were rightly recorded in the archives of the School. They show how his simple mind was all absorbed in the well-being of his pupils. " God bless and prosper them, and grant that " my successors may labour faithfully, zealously, and happily in their calling, " training those who are confided to their care in the principles of true religion "and sound learning, iuid eiuloavouring to make them good Christians, good " scholars, and honourable and useful members of Society. — Amen." CHAPTER XIY. Appointment of Dk. Kennedy. — The Tercentenary. — IIis Resignation. o T was a fortunate circumstance for the Scliool that the able teaching of Dr. Butler was followed by that of no worthy a successor as Dr. Kennedy. On his appointment, Dr. Butler spoke of him as " the most brilliant scholar he had ever sent forth, the brightest star in that galaxy of distin- guished pupils whose names adorn the boards of Shrewsbury School." The Rev. Benjamin Hall Kennedy was born at Summer Hill, near Birmingham, Nov. 6th, 1804, the eldest son of the Rev. Rann Kennedy, incumbent of St. Paul's, Birmingham, and Second Master of King Edward's School in that town. At that School he received his earliest education, and on Feb. 3rd, 1819, he was entered at Shrewsbury Scliool, where his brothers were also educated. Here his studies at once commanded the attention of Dr. Butler, and so remarkably successful was he in his collegiate career that when he accepted the office of Head Master of Shrewsbury School, Dr. Butler said to the boys assembled when he made the announcement : — " Let me observe to you that of near 120 first rate honors recorded on those boards your future Head Master and his brothers claim more than one-sixth, and himself more than one-twelfth for his own undivided share." After he left Shrewsbury, Mr. Kennedy entered, in 1823, St. John's College, Cambridge, and gained the Porson Prize in 1823, 1824, and 1826, Browne's Medal for Latin Ode in 1823 and 1824, the Pitt University Scholai-- ship in 1824, Browne Medal for Greek Ode in 1824, and Browne Medal for 150 Epigrams in 1825. He graduated B.A. as Senior Classic and Senior Clian- cellor's Medallist in 1827, gaining the Members' Prize for a Latin Essay, "De Origine Scripturte Alpliabeticfe," and lie came to Shrewsbury that year as a temporary assistant master. In 1828 he was elected a Fellow of his College and Classical Lecturer. Two years later he was appointed Assistant Master at Harrow, under Dr. Longley, and remained there six years, receiving from his pupils on his retirement, May 3rd, 1836, a yaluable testimonial expressive of their regard. On the resignation of Dr. Butler, in 1836, the Fellows of St. John's College, with whom the appointment lay, favoured the claims of the Eev. F. J. Isaacson, an excellent scholar, and a successful college tutor, and one who desired the office. He would probably have been elected but for the good services of Bishop Butler in favour of Kennedy, whose fitness for the office was well known to him. After much consideration Dr. Kennedy accepted the post, and his own words give the reason why he did so. " If emolument had been my primary object I should never have iindcrtaken my present duties. In accepting the Head Mastership of Shrewsbury School I resigned an income larger, more certain, more free from anxiety and responsibility, with a mansion more agreeable in its appointment than awaited me here. I resigned prospects also of a highly flattering kind. I mention this solely to add force to my statement of the motives which induced me to accept my present office. I had a strong affection for the School in which I was educated, an earnest confidence in the wisdom and power of its system. 1 loved classical literature, and I have ;ilways found a high and exciting pleasure in pouring its treasures into minds desirous and prepared to receive them, minds such as I justly expected to find in the Sixth Form of Shrewsbury School. In short I hoped to do more good here than elsewhere, and in the consciousness of doing good 1 knew that I should taste the jmrcst antl best happiness of human life." Undertaken in this spirit, with liis iiigli resolves so nianfnlly tokl, we may easily believe that during the long Head Mastership of Dr. Kennedy the School fully maintained the liii^li ti'aditions of liis predecessor, and tlie Honour Boards received many additional names testifying to the thorough instruction given. And yet it was witli many misgivings Dr. Kennedy undertook tlie office after so exccUi'nt a master as Dr. Butler. Following one who for 38 years had laljonrcd in llic Selicol and made its name famous, it 151 was, as Dr. Kennedy himself expresses it, " with feeble knees he walked in the path, with wavering hands he plied the work bequeathed to him by Dr. Butler." Undertaking the responsibility at the age of 32, he threw himself heartily into the work, and through good and ill report for 30 years he faith- fully did his duty and kept Shrewsbury School in the front rank of the great public academies of England. His work soon bore fruit for in 1841, the three first places in the Classical Tripos at Cambridge were obtained by Shrewsbury men : — Cope, I ; Bather, II ; Thring, III ; an event not often parallelled in the history of any school, and at the same time many other honours had been gained by Scholars in both Universities. The brilliant success of the School in 1841 was most opportune, for owing to causes over which the Head Master had no control Shrewsbury fell off in numbers. In order to show the undiminished esteem and confidence in which Dr. Kennedy was held a congratulatory address was drawn up. Though of course the boys who succeeded in carrying off the three first honours of the Classical Tripos formed a happy comment on his great skill as a teacher, yet Dr. Kennedy had become somewhat discouraged, and there is no doubt that the expressions of confidence he received in 1841 cheered him in his labours. The address was signed by the Trustees, the Members for the County, and Magistrates, and indeed by men of all degrees and shades of political opinion. The Mayor and Corporation went in state to the School-house accompanied by a large procession of citizens, and were met by a deputation of the Masters and Scholars, the Rev. J. M. Wakefield, Senior Assistant; Rev. A. T. Paget, Mathematical Master; W. T. Basil Jones (now Lord Bishop of St. David's), Head Pr^postor of the School ; and James Riddell (a well-known tutor of Balliol College, Oxford), Second Praspostor; and introduced to the Upper School where the other Masters and Scholars were assembled. The Mayor of Shrewsbury (John Loxdale, Esq.), in feeling terms expressed his gratification at the unexampled success, and presented the address, to which Dr. Kennedy in lengthened terms replied. It may be noted here that the number of Scholars at this time had decreased considerably, for in 1832 there were 296 pupils on the School lists, 152 in 183J., 269; iu 183G, 233; in 1837, 211; but in 1841, only 133. As will l)e seen from 1832, when the Scliool was in its zenith, a gradual decline set in, and indeed caused grave anxiety to the Head Master as well as to the Trustees. Dr. Kennedy expressed his opinion that it was entirely owing to outward circumstances, such as the establishment of new and cheap schools in many parts of England, and the disadvantageous position that Shrewsbury occupied after the opening of what was then called the Grand Junction Railway. That this declension in numbers was entirely owing to outward circumstances the succeeding years of School History shew, for it fully maintained its high ])osition and never sank back into the insignificance which some foreboders had predicted. After the address that has been alluded to, Dr. Kennedy tried what to hiiu must have been a rather self-denying experiment. He surrendered the Sixth Form to the Rev. Wm. Linwood, a Greek scholar of great eminence, and engaged himself in the general supervision of the lower classes of the School. This arrangement continued for two years, but it was not successful. Excellent as Linwood was in scholarship he had no skill in teaching the eleo-ancies of classic literature, and the exercises of the form fell oif in consequence ; but when Linwood left, Kennedy resumed his old position, and the School was conducted almost on the lines of his predecessor. In the half-yearly examination he encouraged emulation, rewai-dod diligence and discountenanced idleness. Severe penalties were enforced for anything immoral in act or tendency, and for this reason he strict)}' enforced the discipline of School Bounds. Going to an Inn without leave was a high offence whether in or out of Bounds. The School Bounds extended two miles northward into the coimtry, as the Cricket Ground was in that direction, but the two miles were not strictly adhered to ; what was really forbidden was going into town, and from thence crossing the rivci' ('itlu'T- l)y i'vvvy di' tlic l)ridsres. For the better identification of Scholars he introduced tlu" I'nivci'- sity Cap to tlic Schnol. In short the principles adopted were those he referred to in liis rei)ly to the address of congratulation referred to before. " Concurrently witli strictness in matters of vital import I wished to be lenient and even indulgent in other respects, to reduce corporal punishment within the narrowest limit.s ; to deal with boys as rational beings by explaining to 153 them the reasons of discipline and the just motives to obedience, to give credence to every boy of unimpeached character ; to make my pupils in general and those of higher standards especially understand and feel that my advice and assistance would always be at their disposal, and that if they erred for want of a counsellor and friend the fault would be in themselves." At the Annual Speech day in the year 1841, the Earl of Beaconsfield (then Mr. Disraeli, and M.P. for the Borough of Shrewsbury), was a visitor and sat in a front row of the audience. The Speech Days were looked forward to with much interest. Two galleries were erected, one at each end of the " top school," and both of these were occupied by the boys ; the audience were seated on the floor of the room. At the front of the south gallery was a platform erected for the speakers, and at right angles to this was a rostrum for the Head Master. After the School Speeches the invited guests adjourned to luncheon in the library, and the boys of the Sixth Form only were present. After luncheon, of course the guests had opportunities of speaking, and it was often interesting to listen to men that had spent years in the public service, but who had commenced their career at Shrewsbury School. At Christmas the boys were sometimes allowed a Fancy Dress Ball. This was entered into with great spirit, and it was always signally successful. The Schools were then visited by a numerous and distinguished company of guests who thoroughly enjoyed the animated and motley scene which took the place of the dramatic performance with which the year closed in Butler's time. Boating, under Dr. Kennedy, came to be a recognised institution. It was not actually forbidden by Dr. Butler, but only in his successor's time it came to be sanctioned by the Masters, and a " Captain" was formally appointed from amongst the older boys. The Annual Regatta and School Boys' Dinner was looked forward to as the re-union day when old and present Salopians met in pleasant rivalry, and all engaged in the races exerted themselves to the uttermost, for the slopes of the Quarry and the banks of the Severn were always crowded with many of the fair sex anxious to applaud the victors whatever their colours might be. During the years 1843-53, an agitation was carried on in the town by Members of the Town Council and others to form a non-collegiate department 154 for those who were not destined to enter the Universities or to follow any learned profession. They desired to have a modern education added, and to some extent Dr. Kennedy gave way, but he always maintained strongly that the School was founded by Edward VI. as a provincial School for the higher education, and it was only in Elizabeth's time that the right of a free education for the sons of Burgesses was granted. The adoption of the scheme, and the alteration in the system of education which fi'om the earliest time had been carried on at the School, would have altered the nature of the original foundation. No doubt the number of Burgesses' sons who availed themselves of the privileges of free education had decreased. This was the necessary result of the Municipal Reform Act of 1835, but from the very earliest time in the School History when Ashton was Head Master, we find that in his seven years he entered 875 Scholars, of whom 238 only were town boys (oppidnni), the remainder are called alieni, and many of them were sons of large land-owners in Shropshire and the adjoining counties. It would be unnecessary as well as unkind to reprint here the hard things which were said of the motives of the Head Master. Most of the writers in the local press have passed away, suffice it to say that the Trustees of the School, residents of the town and county, as they were, loyally and generously shewed their strictest confidence in Dr. Kennedy's claim for a higher education than that proposed, and the result proved that he was right, and thanks to his foresight and carefulness the changes which were made were in the spirit of true reform and the School progressed in accordance. It is, therefore, simply necessary to narrate the changes made. In 1848, the number of Burgesses' sons, receiving Free Education as such, was not more than 15. In the interests of the Burgesses and Inhabitants of the Town it was then proposed to extend the system of education by opening a School in Shrewsbury supported from the funds of Shrewsbury School, in which the rudiments of Latin, Modern Languages, and the usual branches of an English l"](hication should bo taught to all Burgesses' sons free, and on payment of moderate fees to the cliildrcn of other residents. The Trustees consulted with the Bishop of Lichfield, the result being that schemes wore prepared by the Town Committee as well as by the Trustees, and eventually the Corpora- 155 tion being satisfied witli tlie views adopted by the Trustees, the latter body made the requisite application to the Court of Chancery. This scheme was laid before Vice-Chancellor Shad well, May 7th, 1849, having been previously approved by Dr. Kennedy and St. John's College, Cambridge. The Vice- Chancellor said he thought that the petition contemplated something far beyond the scope of the Trust, and therefore dismissed it with costs to be paid out of the Trustees' Funds. Against this decision the Trustees appealed to the Lord Chancellor. The cause was heard on Nov. 10th, 1849, and on the 12th his Lordship delivered judgment, reversing the decision of the Vice- Chancellor, and directed the reference to the Master in Chancery. The amended scheme was confirmed by an order of the Court of Chancery, August 1st, 1853, after a report had been submitted by J. Elijah Blunt, Esq., one of the Masters of the Court, containing a scheme for the management of the Free Grammar School at Shrewsbury. By this scheme the Scholars were to be taught the doctrines of the Church of England; they were to be instructed in the Greek, Latin, English, and French languages; reading, writing, and grammar; in ancient and modern history and geography ; in arithmetic and mathematics, and also in such other modern languages, arts, and sciences as the Governors and Trustees might think proper. Other alterations and amendments were proposed in the regulations in force under the Act of 1798, but these were further altered and amended when the Report of the Public Schools Commission was adopted. Under this the constitution of the School was once more changed, and the relation between the Corporation and the School still further separated. While these alterations in the constitution of the School were in progress an event of a much more pleasing character took place, the celebration of the Tercentenary of the Foundation of the School in 1551. This was most opportune, for after the many agitations of the last few years regarding its future some of its supporters had almost forgotten its great successes. But the enthusiam raised by the celebration of the three hundredth year of its existence, led both townsmen and old Salopians to recall old memories and join heartily in helping on its future career. 156 This centennial celebration was more opportune tlian either of its predecessors. On the first occasion men might look back upon the great names which were gathered round the monarchs of the house of Tudor, and reflect that one of them, illustrious even among these, had been educated at Shrewsbui-y School. After the Tudors came the ill-starred house of Stuart, and they were the cause of much turmoil and injury to the well-being of the School. Charles I. had been tried and executed, but his son was leading an outlawed roving life, and spent much of his time in the neighbour- hood of Shrewsbury. The Scotch still spoke of Charles II. as their King, and directed their hostility against Shropshire. Prayers were offered and a fast was held to seek aid for the soldiers and sailors engaged. But in 1651, the year of the first centenary, Charles fled from Salop to Worcester, where he was routed, and compelled to fly to foreign lands, and there is no doubt that the troublesome days interfered with any festivities. The Bicentennary also was not held with enthusiasm. England was exhausted by continental wars, by European entanglements in which she had no interest, and by foreign politics for which people cared little, and of which they knew really nothing. The house of Stuart had again brought mischief and suffering in England in the person of the Pretender, and his suppression and all the cruelties that followed were fresh in men's minds when the second celebration came round. If to this is added the slackness of Hotchkiss during his long Head Mastership, and the low condition into which the School had fallen, we shall hardly feel surprised if the occasion fell flat. But in 1851 everything was changed. This was the year of the great Exhibition, when all the world was stirred up to rivalry in useful arts, and England had long been at peace. The efficiency of the School also under such consummate teachers as Butler and Kennedy was a matter of comment all over the kingdom, and it is not to be wondered at that the tercentenary was among the most brilliant celebra- tions of the kind recorded in England. Old students came from all parts of the country to their Alma Mater, and from beginning to end there was no drawback to mar the festivities. It need hardly bo said Dr. Kennedy entcrcil lii-iu'tily into the rejoicings, not only so, but they were in great part sustaiiu'd by his lil)i'i'alily and graced with his brilliaTit liosj)itality. 157 The festival was opened on Wednesday, April 23rd, 1851, by a public breakfast at the Lion Hotel, under the presidency of Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. After this an excellent performance of Haydn's " Creation " was given at the Music Hall, the principals (vocal and instrumental), comprising amongst them artistes of the highest rank, and so admirable a performance of this great Oratorio has perhaps never been given in Shrewsbury. The first day closed with a Fancy Dress Ball in the Library, the Upper School being converted into a supper room. The scene was one of great interest, nearly 500 guests being present, many of whom were in the fancy costume of different ages and nationalities. The rooms were tastefully decorated for the occasion, with flags and banners, on which were blazoned the heraldry of the chief nobility and gentry of the county. The Arms of Ashton, Sir Philiji Sydney, Lord Brooke, and those of Aldermen Edwards and Whyttaker, were of historical interest. On Thursday, the Mayor and Corporation accompanied by the Clergy and residents in the town and district, the Trustees of the School, with old and present pupils and Masters, went to St. Mary's Church, when an eloquent sermon was preached by the Lord Bishop of Lichfield, Dr. Lonsdale, the text being Acts xvii, 15. The prayers were read by the Rev. W. G. Eowland, the Incumbent of St. Mary's, then in his 82nd year, for as early as 1776 he was in the Forms of Shrewsbury School, and was looked upon as the " Father of the School." On the evening of the same day a grand Banquet was given in the Music Hall, at which nearly 400 old Salopians sat down under the presidency of 0. W. Hoskyns, Esq. The principal speakers were the Lord Bishop of Lichfield, the Earl of Powis, Viscount Hill (Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire), R. A. Slaney, Esq., M.P., Dr. Bateson, Rev. R. Wilson Evans, Rev. T. Butler, Rev. W. G. Humphry, W. G. Clark, Esq., Rev. C. T. Whitley, and Rev. E. H. Gifford. Thus the Tercentenary ended, consecrated by religious services, and distinguished by splendid hospitality. Everything was harmonious, and it was quite clear that this commemoration boded well for the future of the School. In 1855, on the occasion of the visit of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain to Shrewsbury, a valuable museum was opened in the School Buildings, and members received a hearty welcome from the Head Master. 158 For the next few years nothing seems to have occurred to disturb the quiet work of the School; the honour boards shew the result of the teaching, but during this time the whole subject of education was occup^'ing more and more the attention of public men. It was felt that for high and low alike it was the duty to provide the best possible education. The nature and application of the Funds of Endowed Grammar Schools was brought before the attention of Parliament, and it was thought desirable that a Commission should be appointed to enquire not only into the Endowment, Funds, and Revenues of certain Colleges, Schools, and Foundations, but also to enquire into the administration and management as well as the course of studies and the subjects and extent of the instruction given to the scholars. This Commission was issued July 18th, 1861, the Commissioners being the Earl of Devon, Lord Lyttleton, Hon. G. Boyd Thisleton, Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart., Rev. AV. H. Thomson, M.A., and H. H. Vaughan, Esq., and the Foundations were Eton, Winchester, Westminster, Charterhouse, St. Paul's, Merchants Taylor, Harrow, Rugby, and Shrewsbury. The Commissioners visited Shrewsbury, May 22nd and 23rd, 1862. They were of opinion that the classical teaching of the School should be thoroughly maintained, and that local restriction should as far as possible be abolished, inasmuch as nearly all other public Schools were free, so that to retain them at Shrewsbury alone would be to place the School at a great disadvantage, and be the means of reducing it from a public School to a Municipal institution. They therefore proposed that the limit of Burgesses' Sons entitled to free education should ])e reduced to 40 and these entirely in the Classical division of the School, which number after a term of 25 years should be abolished, this time being suggested in order that the present generation of Burgesses should be entitled to the privilege formerly unlimited. The constitution of the Governing Body fixed by the Act of Parliament in 1798, was not considered satisfactory, and suggested the election of the same by various public bodies. The Masters houses were reported as unsatisfactory and inconvenient. An Act of Parliament founded on this Report was passed in 1868, reorganising the Govor!iiiig Body and the management of the School. In 1866, Dr. Kennedy had intimated his intention to resign the Head Mastership having accepted tlic Rectory of West Felton, in Sliropshire, in the 159 previous year. This intention was received with great regret not only by tlio SchoLars but also by the town at large for his management of the School conduced as far as possible to the interests of Shrewsbury itself. No sooner was the announcement made than steps were taken to raise the necessary funds for a Memorial of his long and successful Head Mastership, and as a permanent token of the high esteem in which he was held by all classes. After much discussion the form decided on was that of a School Chapel which had long been needed. A sum of £3000 was raised and it was hoped the work would have been quickly carried out, but it was stopped abruptly in consequence of broader issues, namely, the removal of the School entirely from its ancient foundation to a site outside the town. Soon after, the Public Schools Act giving permission to remove the School Buildings if thought necessary, the sum raised was invested until some definite decision was given and it was only in 1884 that the Kennedy Memorial was completed on the new site to which the Schools were removed at Kingsland. It was this transition state and the 18 years delay in completing the Memorial which made the retirement of Dr. Kennedy from his arduous duties to appear quiet and as if his services had not been appreciated, but it is a matter for rejoicing that he in his 80th year was spared to know the Memorial Chapel was erected, and that his name would be permanently associated with the School for future generations, and also that £4000 was invested as a part of this Memorial in a Latin Professorship at Cambridge. In reviewing the 30 years work of Dr. Kennedy it may be only necessary to record it as marvellously successful, the List of Honours gained recordino- this as well as the high positions attained by some of his Scholars, But as Dr. Kennedy himself wrote : — " It is not in the more conspicuous walks of public life that you must seek instances of the success and usefulness of Shrewsbury men. You will find them at the Universities honourably and usefully engaged in tuition ; in country livings honourably and usefully fulfil- ling their sacred duties as clergymen ; at the head of Grammar Schools employed in training new generations to a like career of honour and useful- ness." Nor can the kind and watchful care of Mrs. Kennedy ever be foro-otten those who remember how wisely and tenderly she cared for the comforts of those entrusted to her home, how anxiously she watched by the bedside of 160 those who were sick, will ever revere her memory, shedding as it does a halo of brightness on the dreariest part of a school boy's life. In 1868, Dr. Kennedy resigned the Rectory of West Felton, having been appointed Regius Professor of Greek at Cambridge, and Canon of Ely, in 1867. He was elected a Member of the Council of the University in 1870, and appointed Lady Margaret's Preacher for the year 1873, having been Select Preacher for the University in 1860. In 1880 he was elected a Honorary Fellow of St. John's College, and was one of the Committee for the revision of the New Testament. It is unnecessary to refer here to the valuable school books that he has published, or to the many other treatises that issued from his pen. His name will ever be associated with the golden days of Shrewsbury School, whether as a Scholar under Bishop Butler, by the long array of Honours on the School Boards, or by his 30 years untiring exertion as Head Master. CHAPTER XV. Appointment of the Rev. H. W. Moss.— Removal or the Schools. 0 FTP]R the resignation of Dr. Kennedy, in 18GG, the appointment of Head Master fell upon a ' younger man even than before, Mr. Moss was only 25, or six years younger than Dr. Kennedy. The Rev. Henry Whitehead Moss had been educated at Shrewsbury School, and had long attracted the attention of Dr. Kennedy as an apt Scholar. In 1860 he entered St. John's College, Cambridge, and gained the Porson Prize in 1861, 1862, and 186;], Craven University Scholarship in 1862, and the Browne Medal for Greek Elegiacs, in 1863. In the year 1864 he was Senior Classic, and soon after he was appointed Fellow of his College. There can be no doubt of the wisdom of appointing young men to offices such as the Head Mastership of a great public School. Perhaps no one without experience of such an office could credit the wearing anxiety it entails. A few years of the happy life of a College dignitary would almost unfit a man for such an arduous post, and he might say if it were offered him, as Henry IV. did before the Battle of Shrewsbury : — " 'Tis not well to doff our easy robes of peace And crush our old limbs in ungentle steel." That the choice was a happy one may be gathered from the records of the Honor Boards, which have not fallen off in any way from their old traditions. Mr. Moss is still the Head Master, and though the accommodation of the Schools has been greatly increased, it is not sufficient for the number of applications that are made from all parts of the kingdom to place youths under his tuition. V 162 On the 31st July, ISGS, an Act was passed, entitled "An Act to make further provision for the good government of certain Public Schools in England (31-2 Yict., c. 118.)" This Act related to Eton, Winchester, "Westminster, Charterhouse, Harrow, Rugb}-, and Shrewsbury. It empowered the governing bodies of these Schools to alter their constitutions so as to accord with the changing requirements of the times, and Shrewsbury at once took advantage of the opportunity. The governing body was placed on a broader basis, and it now consisted of the Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, who sat by virtue of his office, six Governors nominated by Oxford and Cambridge University, the Royal Society, the Lord Chief Justice of England, the Lord Lieutenant of the County, and the Masters of the School, two Governors were also nominated by the Corporation, and three bj^ the Governors themselves. The first Governors were : — Dr. Bateson, Master of St. John's, the Lord Bishop of Manchester (Dr. Eraser), Professor Kennedy (formerly Head Master), Sir James Paget, Bart., G. Osborne Morgan, Esq., Q.C., John Bather, Esq., John Loxdale, Esq., H. Keate, Esq., Rev. Dr. Cartmell, Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, Rev. B. Jowett, Master of Balliol College, Oxford, J. T. Hibbcrt, Esq., M.P., and the Rev. \V. Gilson Humphry, D.D., Vicar of St. ]\rartin's-in-the-Fields, London. Of this Board no less than nine had been educated at the School. With a Board so constituted it is never likely that any slackness in the School could occur, nor from its broader basis could it ever degenerate into a purely local School. Under this Act power was also given In remove the School from its ancient site. It was enacted, however, that " the School shall not be removed to any site exceeding in distani'i' t lircc miles measured In a straight lini' fidin the Market Place." ( )| her j)owers were also granted concerning the disposal of 163 the right of presentation to Livings, the amounts wliich these reahscd being applied to the augmentation of the School revenues. Burgesses of Shrewsbury were limited in the right of gratuitous education. The new Governors had not been long in office before they decided that it would be well to remove the School to more commodious premises on the outskirts of the town. The area of the School property, was in their opinion too limited, and the Masters houses were far below the requirements of such a School as Shrewsbury. Class-rooms were also much wanted. Some also considered the procession of Scholars to St. Mary's Church was objection- able, and that as at other public Schools there should be an adequate College Chapel. But the Act which enabled them to leave did not give the Governors compulsory power to acquire property so that any purchase of extra lands immediately adjoining the School would certainly have entailed great expense. Nevertheless the proposed removal met with great disfavour among a great part of the old Scholars, and many of the new. All agreed that if the Schools with their old associations were to remain on their present site new masters' houses and additional accommodation were imperative. Indeed a Shrewsbury architect of excellent ability made a sketch which was intended to meet the exigencies of the case, and leave the old buildings to their ancient uses. But the old Scholars especially were adverse to removal and they held a meeting wliich was presided over by the Right Hon. H. C. Raikes, on 31st July, 1873. The removal was opposed with great energy, and an influential committee was appointed to endeavour to prevent it. In their opposition the dissentients were greatly aided by the local press, and also by vigorous pamphleteers. A memorial signed by 600 old Scholars was sent to the Governors, and this was supported by the Town Council, and many influential residents. Still it is probable that one of the principal objections made by the opposition was the inconvenience of the Coton Hill site as the one selected. Owing to the peculiar course of the river round Shrewsbury it was urged that Day Boys would have a long journey to the School, and in floods the buildings would be comparatively isolated. 104 In October, 1873, tlie Mayor presided over a meeting of townsmen, and this was followed by anotber of old Boys. In botb of tbese tbe removal of tbe Scbool was deprecated, and in tbe following December tbe Memorials from tbe town and from tbe old Bojs were presented to tbe Governing Body by tbe Earl of Powis and Mr. H. C. Eaikes, M.P., and tbe subject of removal was fully discussed. But tbese remonstrances were in vain, for in tlie following Marcb it was definitely decided to remove tbe Scbools to Cotou Hill. Tbis roused even a more decided opposition, for tbe proposed site was certainly not well selected. Tbe Governing Body tben reconsidered tbe matter and finally decided upon tbe Kingsland site wbicb is tbe present one, and its excellence in every respect, added to tbe exceeding beauty of tbe surrounding country almost disarmed opposition except witb tbe Old Boys' Committee. In tbe summer of 1875 tbe Corporation disposed of 10 acres of tbeir property at Kingsland, in addition to nearly 20 acres previously purcbased from tbe Sbrewsbury United Parisbes, and tbis now constitutes tbe admirable site of Sbrewsbury Scbool. Tbe ancient Sbow tliat had been held on Kings- land for nearly five centuries was abolisbed b3^ an Order in Council, as for some time past it liad degenerated into scenes of dissipation. Tbe new Governing Body lost no time in obtaining an Act to transfer all tbe corporate property to tbeniselves witbont any legal impediments. Tbcy also invested in tliemselves tbe appointment of Head Master wlio — it was incumbent — sbould bave taken an M.A. degree at eitber University, and tbe appointment of assistant masters vested witb liim. Tbe claims of Burgesses to free education were curtailed, and Foundation Scbolarsbips anil Livings attacbed to tbe School were relieved iVom restrictions. Tbe formal opening of tbe School Buildings was celebrated on July 28tb, 1882, and as at the Tercentenary many old Scholars from all parts of England were present. Of course it is not to be expected that they could all of them see tbe closing of their old academy witliDut regret, and no higher tribute could be paiil to J)r. Biith'i' and \)v. Kennedy tlian the sorrciw (heir pupils felt when tbey saw so many u\' their old associations bi'oken dlT. Not oidy is such a feeling natural, and in accoi-d with our best impulses, but there is something almost utilitarian in it. There was hardly any means of estimating how new 165 skies and new associations might tend to obliterate the brilliant records of the School. The advocates for removing the site to the other side of the Severn argued that any such apprehensions were chimerical : — • " Caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt." But on the other hand there were not a few who regarded the removal from the ancient site as something almost akin to sacrilege, and could say with Marcellus in Hamlet : — " We do it wrong, being so raajestical. To offer it the show of violence, For it is as the air invulnerable." All objections were finally overruled however, and the Schools trans- ferred to one of the best, and most charming sites in England. The removal of the Schools to the new site was inaugurated by services at St. Mary's Church, and the Bishop of Manchester preached a sermon before the Governors, and others who were interested in the welfare of the School. After the sermon an offertory amounting to the considerable sum of £240 was collected in aid of the New School Chapel. At the conclusion of the services the guests amounting to about 500 were hospitably entertained by the Head Master at a luncheon in the Corn Eschange, which had been converted into a temporary banqueting hall. The opening ceremony took place at the School Buildings immediately after. In order to afford the utmost accommodation a large marquee was erected, but the number of visitors far exceeded what was provided. At the north end a raised platform had been erected, the chair being taken by the Head Master. The School was declared open by an old Salopian, Lord Cranbrook, in a speech singularly appropriate to the occasion, and speeches were also delivered by the Lord Bishops of Lichfield, Hereford, Manchester, and Bedford, the Earl of Powis, Sir James Paget, Bart., Lord Chief Justice May, Professor Clark, the High Sheriff, and the Mayor of Shrewsbury. The Annual School Concert brought the day to a pleasant close, and was attended by a specially lai^ge audience of old and present Scholars and invited friends. 166 The Boarders still attended service at St. Mary's iiiitil the Memorial Chapel to Dr. Kennedy conld be completed. On Sunday morning, Januarj^ 27th, 188-i, the Boys assembled for the last time in their old places at St. ]Marv's, and Canon Lloyd, the Vicar, preached a farewell sermon, choosing for his text : — " For my brethren and companions' sake I will now say peace be with thee." The first sermon in the Memorial Chapel was preached by the Bishop of Bedford, himself an old Shrewsbury Boy. The question still remained, Avhat was to become of the Old Buildings, and this was solved at the Annual Meeting of the Shropshire Archgeological Society in 1882. It was then urged that they should be secured for the town, and a committee was formed to further so desirable an object, subscription lists were opened, and the sum of £4000 for which the Governing liody were content to part with their property was raised. The Library and i\[useum Act was brought into force to assist so excellent a scheme, and the Iniildings were fitted to their new purposes with very little alteration, the old panelling covered witli iiauies deeply carved in them by former Scholars being left as relics in their old positions. Many of these incisions record the names of men who have in their time played no inconsiderable part in their country's history, but they are there still, and the venerable buildings are preserved in their entirety for new uses in thorough accord with those for which they were orio^inallv founded. " 0 periture tua(pie aliis documenta dature " "Morte." CHAPTER XVI. The Library. — Benefactors to the Lir.uAKY. T has already been noted that the Library of the School was com- menced in 1595, and that np to 1608 £486 had been spent on this account, and that the condition of the Library was one of the thino-s which caused strained relations between the School and St. John's Colleo-e. The Library is a fine room 63 feet by 22 feet ; originally it was a some- what similar room to the School Chapel underneath it, with a square-headed window at each end and three gables on each side. Under these gables were low windows lighting a room similar to an attic where sleeping accommodation was provided on an emergency or overcrowding of Boarders. In 1815 the upper part of the Library was taken down and the square windows at the end replaced by pointed ones, the walls at the side being furnished with a parapet uniform with the other part of the School Buildings. In the northern window were in stained glass the Arms of Edward VL, Elizabeth, St. John's College, the See of Lich- field and Coventry, and the Arms of the Town. In the southern window the Arms of the four principal Benefactors with appropriate Latin inscriptions by Dr. Butler. The ceiling of the Library was richly panelled and and ornamented with the Arms of the Founders, Visitors, and the first thirteen Trustees. 168 On tlie walls above tLe bookslielves were portraits in oil of Heniy VIII., Edward VI., Elizabeth, Sir P. Sidney, Judge Jeffreys, Samuel Parr, Locke, Edward Cotton, Richard Lloyd, Leonard Hotclikiss, Bisliop Butler, and two others. These are now removed to the Head Master's house on Kingsland. A small Museum was also formed in the Library, but it has been gradually dispersed, except the hue Inscribed Sepulchral Stones from Uriconium, which are still left in the building. In the Memorials of Shrewsbury School it is noted that in 1829 the side windows of the Library were built up, because it was found necessary to strengthen the building. The Library contains a very valuable and extensive collection of Books and MSS., most of which have been given at various times to the Schools. Dr. S. Parr wrote in 1819 (and no one had more ample opportunities of inspecting the Books), " With an exception to the Eton Library enriched as it some time ago was by Mr. Storer's Collection, I have seen in no Public School a Library equal to Shrewsbury." There is no doubt that the Library until the end of the last century received but scant attention. We have seen from Challoner's records that when the Council of War sat in the School Library the sacrilegious fingers of a Scotch-camp-chaplaiu tore the leaves out of one book, and another lie says was stolen away. We also read of valuable books being put to tlie basest uses, and there was great laxity in the care of the Library It is to be feared that dishonest persons have purloined many of its treasures, indeed some of the beautifull}' illuminated capitals in the vellum MSS. have been actually cut out and taken away. Choice books have been left to be perfoi'ated and eaten through by the ravages of insects unchecked and uncai\'d for. Some quahns of conscience must have touched even the Masters of the last century for a record was actually provided to register the books taken out of the Library, and for some short tiiiic apparently this was cai'ci'ully kept l)y Mr. Atcherley, but if the entries indicate all the books h-nt, very few indeed were needed. Indeed the Library' was so ill cared for that when l\rr. Butler was appointed Head Master public advertisements appeared in the local press requesting that books or any other proi)erty of the School should be returned 1G9 at once. There is little doubt that Corporate Libraries have suffered greatly from borrowers of careless habits. Cathedral Libraries are especially open to irregularity, the Librarian being probably a minor Canon, and the borrowers clergy from all parts of the diocese ; also there is no " time allowed," and no fine. In cases within the writer's knowledge fines would make a handsome figure in a restoration fund. The Canon is appointed to another sphere of useful- ness, and a record, perhaps rather a perfunctory one, consequently incomplete. Dr. Butler soon took steps to remedy the neglected state of the Library, and Dr. Parr wrote in 1819, " The room has been neatly fitted up by the Trustees, and the books have been arranged in better order, and the catalogue drawn up with the utmost fidelity and judgment by the present learned Master, Dr. S. Butler." This catalogue was only the Bodleian folio Catalogue utilized by the books in Shrewsbury School Library being ticked off, nor could the books in the Library be easily found except by those who frequently used it. At the end of the 3rd volume of this catalogue is a list of the MSS. in the Museum, by Dr. Butler, 44 in number, though in reality there are nearly double that number. This apparent discrepancy results from Dr. Butler naming only the first of several distinct works in each volume. These MSS. are chiefly in modern Gothic characters, and are for the most part Theological Works in Latin. There is a Welsh Service Book of the 12th century, and among a few classical volumes is a still more ancient Juvenal. Taylor's MS. is an exceedingly valuable epitome of General and Local History, and many extracts from it have been given in this volume. Amongst the treasures in printed volumes is a fine copy of Gower's Confessio Amantis, printed by Caxton ; many works by Wynkyn de Worde, and other early printers; Salusbury's rare edition of the Welsh Testament, 1584; early editions of Elizabethan Poets, and many Foreign Publications of very early date. The Library was greatly augmented by Dr. Taylor. His Library was large and valuable, and he bequeathed it to Shrewsbury School, reserving his MSS. and such of his printed books as contained his marginal annotations for his friend and physician. Dr. Askew. This reservation was enforced with the utmost rigour, so much so as to include a vast number of books which Dr. Taylor intended for the School ; and many of these were on Dr. Askew's death sold to the University of Cambridge, w 170 The following are tlie earliest sources from ^yllicll any knowledge of tlie the Library can be obtained : — The first Catalogue is in a thick folio : " A Regester Booke for the Library, &c., conteyninge three several catalogues or tables." " The second table conte-^Tieth botlie the names with their titles of dignity and the gifts of benefactors accordinge to the yeares wherein they were given." This volume was probably begun by Meighen in 1G06, and his writing is exchanged for that of Challoner in 1637, and continued by other Masters down to Hotchkiss in 1743. The second is a thin quarto: "A Catalogue made ye 16th daye of Novembre, Anno Domino 1659, contaynynge ye names of suche as have beene Benefactors to the Library at the Free Schoole in Shrewsbury, mentioning theire guifts accordinge to ye severall yeares wherein they were given, with ye valuation of so manye of ye same guifts as doe severally amount to ye summe of twenty shillings or above." This much resembles the last Catalogue the writers changing with the Masters, but it has marks of originality and ends in 1736. The title page is a singularly beautiful specimen of penmanship. The third is a table of names on vellum, in a frame, " Benefactors to the Librarj', &c." Probably the writing is contemporary with the benefactions, at least from 1736 to 1761, the date to which the table is continued. The books have now been carefully removed to the Librarj- at the New Buildings which has been entirely fitted uji with the oak bookshelves from the old Library. It is much to be hoped that the Governing Body will now cause tlie Library to be properly catalogued so that in future the valuable treasures it contains may, under ]iroper regulations, be open for i-eference to students and otliers. The books were nearly all gifts to the School, and the List of Benefactors comprises Burgesses of Shrewsbury, Merchants of London, Fellows of Colleges, Masters of the School, Clergy and Gentlemen of Salop, and others, many of whom have added to their name " fdi-nierly Scholar." In 1851, flio Rev. A. T. Paget, Mathcmalieal Master of the School, drew up from all available sources a List of Benefactors which is here reprinted. 171 The names of the Benefactors are printed as found in tlie Catalogues mentioned, the notes having been gathered from many sources : — 1596.— THOMAS LAWTON, Bacheloure in Divinity, and publicke preacher of the town of Shrewsbury. (See vol. ii. page 376, of tlie History of Shrewsbury, by Owen and Blakeway — a work referred to by the initials "0. & B. " in the succeeding notes.) 1006.- -RICHARD LOWE, of Calne, in the county of Wilts, Esij. JOHN BROOMEHALL, of North wood Hall, in the county of Salop, gentleman. JOHN DISHER, clarke, Vicar of Shabury, in the county of Salop. (0. & B. vol. i. p. 375, note— His gifts have his auto- graph.) JOHN PEARCH, merchant of the staple, and one of the Aldermen of Shrews- bury RICHARD DODD, of Harnage, in the county of Salop, gent. JOHN BUTTRY, of Shrewsbury, clothier. (Autograph dedication on title page). WILLIAM POULTER, of Shrewsbury, bookseller. LEONARD GOUGH, of Shrewsbury, draper. MRS. JANE HIGGONS, wife of Dr. Higgons, of Shrewsbury, ami one of the daughters of Richard Mitton, Esquire. (0. & B. ii. 233.) THOMAS OWEN, of London, mer- chant. (0. & B. ii. 235. Merchant taylor and citizen of London, died 1618.) THOMAS HILL, of Shrewsbury.draper. (He was the son of Edmond Hill, of Wood- house, county Salop, gent.) EVAN THOMAS, alias GWILLAM, preacher, sometime under-ourat of the parish of St. Maries, in Shrewsbury. (0. & B. ii. 375. A bequest of sixty volumes. ) 1G07.— FRANCIS GIBBONS, Baccalaure of Arts, and student of Christ Chnrch, in the University of Cambridge. (Admitted a scholar of Shrewsbury School in 1595, became Vicar of Holy Cross, Shrewsbury, and a chaplain to King Charles I. 0. & B. ii. 146.) ROGER SAWYER, of Shrewsbury, bookseller. WILLIAM JENKES, Master of Arts, and one of the Fellowes of Jesus College, in the University of Cambridge. 1 GOT. —JOHN PRICE, of Hadley, in Suffolke, preacher. (In his gift he is called "some- times of the .schollers of the same .schoole." His autograph is on the title page, "Credo videre bona Domini in terra viventium Joannes Price ;" and on the back of the same page, " Florenti.ss (quod faxit Deus) futura; Bibliothecce, .Sallop: I. P. Peccatorum maxirnus, minimus ministrorum Jesu Cliri Huuc Kosi- num, Gratitudinis ergo. lubensD.D. Kalendis Jan. Anno a Nata Salute cioiocvii"") DAVID HOPKINS, of London, mini- ster and preacher. THOMAS PRICE, preacher and mini- ster of the jiarish of Cedd, in Shrewsbury. (Autograph in the gift, " Cbristus mihi sola salus, Thomas Price." The father of Dr. Sampson Price. 0. & B. ii. 212 ) RICHARD BOSTOCK, of Tattenhall, in the county palatine of Chester, gent. (This family in vol. ii. p. 393, of Ormerod's History of Chester.) RICHARD LANGLEY, of London, gentleman. (Probably the town clerk of London. 0. & B. ii. 137.) SAMSON PRICE, preaclierand parson, of Carfax, in Oxford. (This "hammer of heretics," as he was surnamed, preached the sermon at the consecration of the chapel in the Free School, and was chaplain to James I. His gift of the year 1611 speaks of him as lecturer at Saynt Oregories, adioyninge to Paul's Church, iu London ) 1608.— ARTHURE KINASTON, one of the aldermen of Shrewsbury, and merchant of the staple. THOMAS CHURCH, an auntient Master of Arts, of Cambridge, born in the saide towne of Shrewsbury. (In the ye^r 1562 of the Kegistrum Scholarium occurs, fourth on the list, the name of "Thomas Church, Aimigori filius and hares, oppi- danus ") WILLIAM BODY, of London, gentle- man. 1609.— JOHN BAKER, Master of Arts, and second schoolmaster of the Free Schoole, in Shrewsbury. JOHN WOODHOUSE, late school- master of Drayton, in the county of Salop. SAMUEL DEACON, Master of Arts, and student of Edmund Hall, in the Univer- sity of Oxford. 17: 1G09.— ANDREW STUDLEY, Baccalaure of Arts, student of Hart Hall, in tbe University of Oxenford. THOMAS BALDWINE, of Diuklle- bury, in the county of Salop, gentleman. (The last word is erased to substitute " Esq." On the title page of his gift, "28 Augusti, An. 1609, Thomas Baudewyn de Dydlebury, in CO. Salop ; gen. et Gertruda uxor ejus hune librum dederunt Bibliotheae, Salopi- ensi." A memoir of him is given in Blake- way's Sheriti's of Shropshire, pages 213, 214.) EDWARD SYMCOX, of the citty of Coventry, inholder. 1610.— JOHN SWINNERTOX, of Ecclesliall, in the county of Stafford, gentleman. JOHN HANCOX, of Eccleshall, in the county of Staftbrd, gentleman. PAUL AMIUS, of Shrewsbury, gentle- man. RICHARD COLLINS, of Shrewsbury, mercer. FRANCIS WOODHOUSE, of Bridg- north, in the county of Salop, bookseller. 1611.— THOMAS LLOYDE, Vicar of St. Alkniond's, in Shrewsbury. (0 & B. ii. 279.) ARTHUR EMORY, of Shrewsbury. JOHN CLARKE, of Ludlow, book- seller. SAMUEL SANKY, Master of Arts, and Preacher. (The second catalogue calls him "eldest son of ilr. Peter Sankey, deceased, late parson of Wem, and Vicar ot Ba.schurch, in the county of Salop." See History of Wem, by liev. E. Garbett, 1818.) ROBERT GITTINS, Rector of the parish Church of Malpas, in the county palatine of Chester. ARTHURE HOPTON, gentleman, .somelimcs scholler of the l'"ree Schoole, in Shrewsbury. (In the Registrum S(hcil;irium is this adiiiis.sion : — liiit/. Artliur llopton Arniigcri lilins, 2s. 6d. His gift was two works bound in one volume, with his own manu- script corrections. Ilaculiim (icoilirlicuiii sivti Viaticum ; or, the (ieodetical Stall', contain- ing eight books. London, 1610. •'•pmi/um I'ojuiqrnphicuin, or the Topographical Glass ; containing the use of the Topographical (ilass, Theodelilus, plain Table and Circumferentor. Lonilon, IGll. JOHN PROUDE, of Shrewsbury, draper. (0. k B. ii. 4:ir..) 1612. -RICHARD BAKER, of Shrew.sbury, scrivener, and lii.i.stcr of defence. .lOIIN PRICE, of Shrewsbury, vintner. ,0. Ii 15. ii. TJl.) lGl-2.— FRAUNCIS ROWLEY, Vicar of Ecclesliall, in the county of Stafford. (For this Shrewsbury family see 0. & B. i, 408 note. ) WILLIAM BRINKER, Master of Arts, and one of the Fellowcs of All Soulcs Colledge, in C^ford. (He was of an ancient family, uow extinct, in Caernarvonshire.) SAMUEL BROWNE, Master of Arts, and Preacher. (0. k B. ii. 378, give tne death of this Minister of St. Marv's, Shrews- bury, in 1632.) JOHN CLAPH AM, Esquire, one of the six Clerkes of his Majesties high court of Chancery. 1613.— JOHN KITSON, of Shrewsbury, gentle- man. EDWARD DUNN, of Shrewsbury, mercer, one of the aldermen of the sayd townc. (He was son of William Dunn, or Donne, of Newtown, in the parish of Wem, co. Salop.) RICHARD MEIGHEN, father of John Meighen, chiefe schoolmaster of the sayd schoole. (Dying February, 161|, he be- queathed " 20 shillings to be bestowed on one book or more for the sayd library, at the discretion of the sayd Jolni Meighen," and was burieil at St. Mary's, in the name of Richard Meighen, the elder.) I G 1 4.— OLIVE PARKHURST, wife of Thomas Parkhurst, of Gilford, in the county of Surrey, gentlewoman. 1616. -GEORGE LOWE, citizen and merchant of London. 1 (J 17.— SIR CLEMENT EDMONDS, of Lon- don, knight, one of the clerkes of his Maiesties Privie Councell. He was a benefactor of books, in this, and in the next year, although he docs not appear to have given his own Obscrvatioiis ini (^a-sit.r'^ Coinmrntarii'S. He was of Shrawardine, but not of the School. There is a memoir of him in the Atheme Oxonienses and in Owen and Blakeway's History of Shrewsbury. JOHN BILL, citizen and stationer of London. Born at Wculock. (His epitaph is in Stow's Survey of London. He was for 13 years King's |>rintcr. ) SAMUEL JONES, citizen luul apothe- cary of London. (Son of Isaac .loues, the benefactor of this same year, a knight, shcrilf of Slirojishire 1663, found"r of tlic^ hospital at Berwick. Blakeway's Shcrill's of Shropshire, \\\<. liiS and 13:i,) ROBERT LEW IS, citizen and nnivhant of London. (A native of Shrewsbury. In 160.'), previous to his going to London, he was ailmitled of the Drapers' Cinnpany of Shrewsbury, of which coin|iany his father, Andrew Lewis, was also a member.) 173 1617.— THOMAS BARKAM, citizen and mer- chant of London. STEPHEN NETTLES, Baccakure in Divinity, and parson of Lechden, in tlie countie of Essex. SIR ROGER OWEN, of Contlover, iu tlie comity of Salop, Knight. (Tlii;re are notices of this benefactor iu Wood's Athen;e and Camden's Britannia, as well as a memoir in Blakeway's Sherifl's of Shropshire He was a burgess of the Parliament for Shrewsbury in 1596, and author of a work upon the Com- mon Law, which remains in MS. lie was not of the school. ) JOHN DUCKETT, of Harsham, in the county of Wilts, Esquire. (He was not a Shropshire man, but a scholar of the school. ) WILLIAM WILLASTON, citizen and merchant of London. (He was of a family long seated at Willaston, in the parish of Frees, but not of Shrewsbury School.) NATHANIEL OWEN, of London, Esquire. (The fourth son of Edward Owen, of Salop, and called in the Shropshire Visita- tion for 162-3, receptor dnl regis iu com. Northpton et Kutland.) ISAACK JONES, citizen and merchant of London. (According to the authority last quoted, Lsaac Jones was the fourth son of William Jones, alderman of Shrewsbury He was the purchaser of Berwick, co. Salop. ) JOHN DOD, citizen and draper of Londoli. (A younger brother of Richard Dud, of Cloverley.) WILLIAM SPURSTOWE, citizen and mercer of London, and draper of Shrewsbury. (O & B. i. jip. 414, 415. He was member for Shrewsbury iu the Long Parliament, and father of the Presbyterian minister of the same name. ) ROBERT JEFFRYES, citizen and marchant of London. RICHARD DOWNES, citizen and linneu draper of Loudon. THOMAS ADAMS, citizen and woollen draper of London. (In 1646 he was Mayor of London, and the next year committed to the Tower. In 1660 he went over as commissioner from the city of London to Charles II. at the Hague, to whom he had before remitted sums to the amount of £10,000 and was made a baronet. He was son of Thomas Adams, tanner, of Wem, by Margaret, daughter of John Erp, of Shrewsbuiy. ) 1618.— JOHN RAVENS, of London, Doctor of Phisicke. 1619.— WILLIAM BRIGHT, Baccalaure in Divinity, Curate of St Maries, in Shrewsbury, and public jireacher of the same town. (He was of Emanuel College ; but for this and other Curates of St. Mary's, who have been all of them benefactors, see 0. & H. ii. 377.) LEWIS TAYLOR, Pson of Morton Corbett, in the county of Salop. JAMES BETTON, Master of Arts, and one of the Fellowes of (^'ueeu's Collcdge, in the University of Cambridge. (He was also Curate of St Mary's, 0. & B. ii. 378.) 162L— RICHARD HARRIES, of Cruckton, within the parish of Pontesbury, in the county of Salop. (The youngest sou of John Harries de Cruckton, inheritor of the Cruckton estate : his posterity became extinct in the third generation.) — Blakeway's Sheriffs of Shrop- shire. 1G22.— RICHARD DOD, of Dawley, in the county of Salop (and of Lincoln's Inn, Esij., .son of Richard Dod, of Harnage, the bene- factor in 1606.) ROWLAND HEYLIN, citizen and merchant of London. EDWARD BLOUNT, citizen and sta- tioner of London (brother of Walter Blount, of Stretton, a younger branch of the Blount's, of Kiulet. ) 1623.— WILLIA!VIASPINALL,ofShrew.sbnry watchmaker. GODSON MEIGHEN,of Jesus College, in the University of Cambriilge, Master of Arts. (In the register of St Maiy's this brother of the Head Master was christened "Gad," on the 30th November, 1598. In the record of another of his gifts, in ]6'J5, he is afiain called "Godson," and " preacher of the word of God.") 1624.— ARTHURESANDFORD,ofSandford, in the county of Salop, Esquire. (A Scholar. He was a zealous Royalist, and he with several otheis of his family were sufferers for their attachment to the cause of Charles I ) 162.5.~THOMAS MASTERS, master of the Temple in London, and Archdeacon of Salo]i for the Dioces of Coventry and Litchfeilde. THOMAS LEWIS, of Shrewsbury, vintner. 1626.- EDWARD JONES, of Shrewstmry. Esq Councellor at Lawe, and Steward for the sayd towne. (0 & B i. 539. Tliis w.as the brother of Isaac Jones, and the father of a scdiolar, Sir Thomas Jones, Chief Justice of the Com- mon Pleas iu 1683 ) 1627.— THOMAS HALLIWELL, citizen and merchant Taylor of London. WILLIAM GLARES, of London, Escp 174 16: 1628, 1629 HOFMFEEY PEATE, citizen and linuen Draper of London. THOMAS PRICHARD, Bacchelaure in Divinity, and one of the fellowes of Jesus Colledge, "in Oxford. (He was admitted of Shrewsburv School Dec. 17, 1612 ; was Arch- deacon of LlandaB'in 1627, and probably died dnring the Protectorate, as his jirchdeaconry was tilled up in 1660.) HOUMFRKY PRICH\RD, of Lon- don, citizen and Master of Aits. RALPH JONES, late third school- master of the sayd schoole. RICHARD LLOYD, Master of Arts, and sometimes a scholler of the sayd schoole. Now a gentleman of Norfolk. PETER STXJDLEY, preacher and mini- ster for the parish of Snt. Cedd, in Shrews- bury. (According to 0. &■ B. ii. 214, he suffered for attributing in his book, called "The Lookinj Glass of Schisme," Enoch ap Evan's matricide to Fanaticism ) NICHOLAS TENCH, citizen and mar- chant of London. 1630.— ALES, wife of ROWLAND HEYLIN. (This lady, among other books, gave three translations into Welsh, made in 1630, from Mr. Arthur Dent's Kn<;li.'ih : and not the works mentioned under her husband's name. Oue catalo;;ue notices that, including his beiiuest, the Alderman ami his wife gave in all " four-score and three " books.) RICHARD METGHEN, citizen ai.d stationer of Loudon. (This was a brother of the Head Master. Among the books which which he printed is the Cliapel Con.secration Sermon, upon The lieavty of Holines. copies of which "are to be .sold at his sliop, neere S. Clement's Church Without Temple Barre, 1618." He was the jjublislier of Edmund Howe's continuation of Stowe's Annals, and probably therefore the authority for an encomium on the school in p. 1062 of that work. ) 1634.— THOMAS LEAKE, of London. Esquire. (He was the eldest son of Kalph Leake, of the familv now seated at Longford ; a Baron of the k-tcheiiuer, Nov. 25, 1642 ; and the founder of tlie Free School at High Ercall.) — (Neither in tliis, nor in the following year, is any addition to the library reconlcd, and then the hamlwriting changes. There is room for a note of explanation. From the year 1006, twelve months liavo Delilom paiMcd without a fresh volume being catalogued ; only lately two lirotliers adiled curious tomes. In 161:i bis father bec|Ueathed money, and in 1617 many London benefactors iiJBced "at the discretion" of the Heail Master various sums to ]iun'lm.se books. Our Head Master, Mr. John Meigheti, wasdoubt- 1635. less a Bibliologist ; accurate as appears from his catalogue, in dates and authors ; careful over his book presses with their " iron rods " and ' chaynes. " But though he hail so dili- gently collected them for us in his life — and the sale of the orchaid adjoining the school would have been incomplete without 20 shil- lings allowed towards the buying of bookes — yet, at his death, he left none. 1637.— EDWARD SPUR=^TOW, of London, merchant, left by will twenty pounds. (His brother, member for Shrewsbury in the Lung rarliament, has been named as a benefactor in 1616 and 1617. The family was originally from Spurstow Hall, in Cheshire.) 1638.— JOHN KING, Doctor in Diviritie, soiiue to that famous prelate sometimes Bishop of London, gave xxs. to buy books for the use of the schollers, which money was given to the Head Schoolemaster, by Mr. Gittins, at liis leaving the schooles. (Dr. King died with- in a year after his benefaction, rublic Orator of Oxford. See A. Wood's Athenffi Ox.) JOHN LEE, Bachelor of Arts. ("Of Oxford." A member of the family of Lee, of Coton Hall, in Salop ; a younger branch of the ancient family of Lee, of Lea Hall, near Shrewsbury.) MR. THOMAS BROMLEY, of Hamp- ton Post, ill Cheshire, Esq. (He was connected with several of the Sliroitshire families : bis sister Dorothy was the wife of Thomas Dod, D. D, , Archdeacon of Kichniond, ) MR. RICHARD WARING, Bacchelor of Arts. (" Of Shrewsbury. " A cadet of the very ancient family of Waring, of Woodcote, near Shrewsbury. ) MR. RALPH JACKSON. (" Master of Alts.") MR. RALPH GITTINS, late Second Schoolenir. 1039.— MR. RICHARD ROBINSON, of Lon- don. (Son of John Robinson, of Shrewsbury, mercer. ) 1G44.— MR. DANIELL. printer, gave Heinsii notai in Nov : Testamcntum ; but the booke was stolen away when the Kiim's Com. for Artillery satt dayly in the library. MR. 11. GLUTTON gave Spenser's Poems, 2 volumes. He dyed at Naniptwych. Mr. Glutton was called First of tlie liouud- lieads of the New Cut, and son-in-law of Plain Dealing. By a Roundhead of the New Cut is meant, I conceive, an Independi'iit. (Mr. Richaiil Cluttcui, of Nantwicb, the ])er,son here meant, was probably the first of this sect who had been ,seeii in Shrewsburv, He married at St, Mary's, 19th July, 16:!i),"Mary, daugh- ter of Mr, Charles Beiiyon, alileimaii. Doulit- less the person hero desigiialed by tlio uanio of Plain Dealing,) 1 iO 1644.— MR. AND. GRIFFITH, Alderman, gave Dr. Andrews' Sermons ; but tlie .same basely torn by the sacrilegious lingers ol a Scotch camp chaplain. MR. THOMAS GARDINER, of Salop, gave Herbert's Travels and Fuller's Holy War. (Mr. Gardiner was the proprietor of Sansaw. ) MR. NICHOLAS PROUD, U of D. & sometyme Archdeacon of Cassel, in Ireland (before the bloody rebellion), now (vizt. Dec. 26, 16-14, Curate of St. Maries, in Salop), (since Dr. Betton vespertilionized), gave the most learned booke of Archbp. Laud, being his conterence with Ffisher. No entries occur. 1644 to 1651 1651.- -MR. THOMAS CHALONER, Jun., son to Mr. Thomas Chaloner, late oheife Schoohnr. Such is the tirst benefactor recorded in ihe usurpation of Mr. Pigot ! 1651.— THOMAS ; 1653, SAMUEL ; 1654, JONATHAN, sons of Mr. John Lloyd, draper and Alderman of Shrewsbury, ('fhe latter son (mentioned in Mr. Pigot's catalogue as "yt pious gent : late minister of Dagenhani, in ye countie of Essci, sometimes a scholler of this schoole,") gave the Antwerp Polyglott Bible. The two other sons were admitted of the Drapers' Company in 1652 and 1646 re- spectively. They were descended from a very ancient family seated at Blaengowny, in the parish of Llanwddyn, co. Montgomery.) 1652.— MR. MICHAEL BETTON, sometimes Cononeire to tliis garrison. (The parliament- ary garrison, as we may suppose; he died 2nd March, 1671, and was buried at St Mary's.) 1653.— MR. THOMAS PAGET, Minister at Ceddes ("at St. Chadds," in the Catalogue begun in 1659. He was a friend of Milton.) 1654.— MR. RICHARD PIGOT, cheifeSchoole- master. MR. DAVID EVANS, second Schoole- master. MR. ISAAC SOLDEN, third Schools- master. MR. ROBERT GODDARD, fourth Schoolemaster. MR. ADAM WEBB, Alderman of Shrewsbury. (Churchwarden of St. JIary's, 1649, Mayor of Shrewsbury, 1665.) EDWARD, son of Roger Corbet, gentle- man, of Pontesbury, admitteil to Shrewsbury School, June 1st, 1613. His life is written by A. Wood, in his Fasti Oxonieuses, who although he calls him one "always puritani- cally affected," yet says "he threw up the places of Public Orator and Canon of Christ Church, being a person of conscience and honesty." 1654.— DR. CORBETT (a legacy of valuable Latin Commentaries on the Scrijitures ) MRS. SARAH STREET, widdow. late wife of Mr. Stephen Street, mercer, in Salop. 1659.— JOHN CORBETT, of Auson. in ye countie of Salop, Esq. Judge of South Wale.s. (Son and heir of Richard Corbet, of Halston, in the jiarish of Pontesbury ; there baptized in 1609, and buried in 1670. Entered Shrews- bury School in 1626.) 1660.— MR. EDWARD COTTON, once a .scholler of this schoole, Master in Arts, now Second Master, afterward Head Master. 1661.— MR. JOHN TAYLOR, now third Master. 1663.— MR. THOMAS BETTON, merchant. 1664.— MR. C. GATAKER, son of Mr. Thos. Gatker, gave his father's MLscellanea. (This Rector of Hoggeston, Bucks, following his father in 168C.) 1665.— RICHARD HEATH, Vicar of St. Alkmund, "was M.A. of Christ College, Cambridge. Baxter styles him ' an ancient grave minister, moderate, sedate, rpiiet, re- ligious, eminent for his skill in the Oriental language.s.' As an Orientalist he was employed as one of the correctors of the press by Walton, in his great undertaking of the "Polyglott Bible, the sheets of which were sent down to him at Shrewsbury. One of the copies of that work in the school library was presented to it by Mr. Heath, to whom Walton had given it as a reward for his trouble. He continued at St. Alkmund's after the Restoration till the operation of the Bartholomew Act * * and continued in this town till the passing of that oppressive and vexatious act (.March 25, 1666), called the Five Mile Act * * upon this he retired to Wellington, where he died in the following May. " 0. & B. vol. ii, 281 ) MR. EDWARD JONES, of this town, saddler. WILLIAM MAURICE, of Llansilran, gent, (of Cefn-y-Brrich, in the parish of Llan- sillan, CO Denbigh, was an eminent antiquary. His collection of MSS. relating principally to Wales and the ancient history of Britain was in the library at Wynnstay. ) MR. WILLIAM MEDLICOT, of Lon- don, once a scholler of this .schoole. 1667.— MR. ROWLAND JENKES, of this town, apothecary. 1668.— MR. E. GOSNELL. (Edward Gosnell, a merchant of London, purchased Rossal after the Fire of London, by which he was a great suft'erer. His son Edward was steward of the Corporation of Shrewsbury.) 1669.— MR. ESAU WATKIS. 176 ]G69.— MR. GEORGE HOPTON, brewer. THOMAS GRIFFITHS, Nanneah, co. Flint. (He was the eldest surviving son anil heir of George Griffith, D.D., Bishop of St. Asaph. ) 1670.— MR. SAMUELL BARTON, Mr. of Arts, and once a scholar ol this schoole, mini- ster of Aston. JOHN PLTGH, of Methaven, Esq. (Was a gentleman of large fortune and of an ancient family in Montsjomeryshire, several of the members of which were occasional residents iu Shrewsbury. He died in 1678.) MR. JOHN H.\YNES, Mr. of Arts, once a scholar of this schoole, now Second Schoole- master. MR. SAMUEL BERESFORD, Mr. of Arts. ROBERT, Lord DIG BY, late a scholer of this schoole. (The third Baron Digby, died unmarried in 1677.) MR. ANDREW TAYLOR, formerly a scholer of this schoole, now Head School- master. (M.A. Fellow of Ki.ijr's College Cam- bridge, formerly scholar of .Shrewsbury, and afterwards of Eton, succeeded Mr. Chaloner in November, 1664 ) MR. RICHARD MILLS, chirurgeon. 1(;71.— MR. JOSEPH BAYNES. The cata- logue of 16.i9 says, " left to ye library a hook of mcmoires," while, in the list of bene- factors, his gift is called " Coates of Amies of ye Baylill's and llajors. " -MR. JOHN GIBBONS. 1672- 1673.- 1671.- -MR. GEORGE LLEWELLIN, jun. -DR. FOWKE. (Phineas Fowke, M.D., pructiseil in Shrewsbury. In Drydcn's trans- lation of Plutarch's Lives, the Life of I'hocion is from his pen 0. & B. ii, 2-38 ) In his gitt of Descartes Ejiistolai is this autograph : — • "Vera ])hiloso]ihia studiosis, h. e. ut ipsi videtur mechanic;e in naturalibus, hive exiniia magni philoso]ihi o]iuseula utcunniuc novitatis nomine ab aliipiiliiis dehonestentur. Biblio theca; Schola' Salopiensis honas horas collo- caiitibus vovit. I'hin Fowke. Sep. 1674." 1676.— MR. WILLIAM BARRETT, of this 1677. towne. -THOMAS BAWDEWIN, Esq., now recorder of this towne. (Of Diddhbury ; was olllcial of St. Mary's from 167 I tr) ItlllO ; whose being judge of that court, ami the Iic^ad of town, the ejected iMiiiistcr of St. Chad's looked upon as "a mercy to the Corporation in generall, and the parish of St Marye's in ])ar- ticular," rcipiesting liis worship " to stand as much as may between the ruinc of jioor men," &c. (0. k k ii, 217.) 1678.— EDWARD LLOYD, Esq., son of Sir Charles Lloyd. MR. BAKER, Post Mr. of Chester. (t^ave Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle of the Kings of England.) MR. WILLIAM THYN, Alderman of this towne. (In 1670 gave enough to buy a parson.age for St. Mary's. 0. & B. ii, 394.) -MR. PETER NICHOLLS. MR. CHARLES NICHOLLS. MR. FRANCIS GARBET. (" Old ]\Ir. Francis Garbett, the faithful learned Minister at Wroxetcr, for about a month read logick to me, and provoked me to a closer course of study." — Rdiqiiia; Baxtcriana:. ) ■DANIEL WYCHERLEY, Esq. (Stew- ard to John Paulet, Manpiis of 'Winchester, out of whose estate he remitted considerable sums to Charles II. in exile. Ho was Lord of the Manors of Wem and Loppington. — History of Won, by the Kev. Samuel Garbet.) No entries occur. 1679.- 1680. 1681.- 1682 I to I 1686 ) 1687.- -:\IR. RICHARD POWFORD, formerly writing master in these schools. (See 0. & B. ii, 409, for the cjiitaiih of this benefactor. Among the books bought with the £5, which he gave, is Nciiinn's J'riiicipia, which was jmblished about Midsummer, 1687. Even if we take 168S as the date of this benefaction, from the other catalogue, the appreciatuni of the great work in this part of England appears remarkably early. It may help to account for it that the works of Galileo, Descartes, Gas- sendi, &c. , had lately been added to these shelves.) MR. JOHN LATHAM, of Shrawarden in this county. (0. & B. ii. 148. nuMitions that his son the Vicar of Holy Cicws, bad a turn for antiipiities, and that a MS. on the Churches of Shrewsbury is jtrcscrved among those of Brown Willis in the Bodleian Library. ) 1688.— ANDREWGRIFFITHS,Dr.ofPhisick, formerly a scholar in these schools, and son of Mr. Koger Grilliths, sometime Mavor of this town. (B.A. and M A. of Oxford, M.D , 16S6, of Camlu'idge, died at the ,age of ;!4, and bei|ueathed to this library all his Latin riiysick Books, being ln2 volumes, including Harvey, Sydenham, Glisson, Ent, &c. Ejiitapli inO. k B. ii, 239.) WILLIAM WARING, ]\Ir. of Arts, formerly a scholar of these schools. (Of the Woodcot family as was the earlier benefactor, 1631.) 1689.— MR. SPURSTOW, of London. (This relative of the Member fi>r .Shrewsbury gave a guinea, with which w.as bought a volume of Wood's /I //t. Oximiaiscs, a work in accordanco 177 1G92.- 1093.- 1G9+.- lf)9.J.- 1696-7 1701'.- 1704.- with the taste of more than one contemporary 1700. Iienel'actoi-. ) Mc7nnrnndinn. — lihrit in tlie year of our Lord 1690 the library was put in order, and new catalogues fitted to every class, and at that time it was found tliat tliere were several books in the library which were duplicate, (viz.) of the same edition with others, and that these might not take up room, and being of no use to the said library, it was thought lit that tliey should be sold, and other books purchased which should be wanting to the library. 1G90.-DR. MILL, Master of Edmund Hall, Oxford. (John Mill D D Chaplain to Chas. II. ; editor of the Greek Testament.) 1091.— OSWALD SMITH, Mr. of Arts, second schoolmaster of these schools. (A benefactor also in two e.xliibitions for scholars to either university from this school. He was the son ot the Kev. James Smyth, Rector of Withing- ton and died 26th July, 171.^.) WILLIAM BENNET, M. A., Minister of .St. Chad's, in this town, formerly a scholar of these schools. THOMAS DAWES, B. in Divinity, Minister of St. Mary's, in this town, formerly a scholar of the.se .schools, (Of Queen's Coll. Camb. Epitaph in 0. & B.) -SIR EDWARD LEIGHTON, of Wat- tlesborough, Bart. , formerly a scholar of these schools. -ROBERT PRYCE, Esq., Barrister-at- Law, formei'ly a scholar of these schools. (James 11. in 1685 nominated "his beloved Robert Price, Esq." tirst and modern Steward of Shrewsbury, whom he removed in 1688. Mr. Price gave a History of the Coronation.) -MR. RICHARD LLOYD, M.A., some- time Fellow of St John's College, in Cam- bridge, now head-schoolmaster. -RALPH ADAMS, Writing Master to tlie.se schocds. (Died 1713, aged 60, buried at St. Mary's) -9.— FRANCIS TALLENTS, of this towne, M.A , formerly Fellow of St. Mary Magdalene College, in Cambridge. (A.> mini- ster of St. Mary's, a notice of him has already been given in 1644. In 1621 he, with Mr Bryan, ejected fiom St. Chad's, caused the inscription, "This place was built not for a faction or party," &c. , to be painted on the walls of their new place of meeting in High Street. Life in 0. k B. ii, 380 and 477). 1G98.— ROBERT SHEPHERD, Esq., present ^-^g Mayor of Shrewsbury. 1700.— THOMAS ROCK, Esq., formerly a scholar of these schools. (He married Diana, daughter of Sir Richard Corbett, of Longnor, Bart., and was buried at the Abbey, 13th Dec. 1703) -JOHN JONES, of London, Esq., formerly a s{diol;ir of thesi; schools. (An address jirn- verbially ambiguous, scarcely to he identilled when repeated ou tlie next ]iage as Captain Jones ; hut as he bi'r|neatlied £50, we may probably assign this muriilicence to the bene- factor of St. Julian's, who left money to augment small benetices in and near Shrews- bury. We thus often trace our benefactors' names by their other gilts.) MR. RICHARD PRESLAND. (Of a very ancient Cheshire family. He was a di'aper in Shi'ewsbury, and was elected Mayor on the nth of May, 1700.) -MANX. STEPHENS, E.sq. The REV. MAURICE VAUGHAN, M A., Prebendary of Windsor. -The REV. THOAIAS BOVVERS, M.A,, Vicar of Hoo, in Sussex, formerly a scholar of these schools. (Jan. 1677, at the age of 17, he became a .Subsizar of St. John's College, Cambriilge ; in 1715, he was appointed a Prebendary of Canterbury ; he became a King's Chaplain and Archdeacon of Canterbury before Aug. 1722, when he was made Bishop of Chichester. He died Aug. 22nd, 1724.) 1706. — The Right Reverend Father in GM HUMPHRY LORD BISHOP OF HERE- FORD. (Humphry Hum]iliioys, Bi.shop of Bangor in 1689, and of Hereford in 1701, died 17 1 2, of whom it is .said in Wood's Ath. Oxon. '■ He is a person excellently well versed in the antiquities of Wales, and in the arms and genealogies of the gentry of Wales." Among the Baker MSS. in the British Museum, are MS. papers .sent by him to Mr. A, Wood, giving an account of learned men in Wales ; in the public library at Cambridge are other MSS. upon the Welsh clergy.) The REV. MR RIG. TISDALE. (A benefactor to St. Mary's Church, ) -ISAAC CLOPTON, Esq,, formerly a scholar of these schools. 1707. 1708. -The REV. JOHN MILLINGTON,D.D. A'icar of Kensington, elder brother of the founder of Millington's Hos]iital, Shrewsbury; himself known in the school by his fellowship and exhibitions for Shrewsbury scholars, at Magdalene College. Cambridge. He was in- timate with Newton, and there are letters between him, Newton, and Pejiys, in Pepys' Diary and Correspondence. The RFV. MR. WELLES, Vicar of Sandbach, in Cheshire. -MRS, SCROOP. In "The Life of Our Saviour, a poem by Samuel Wesley," with sixty cojiper-plates, highly coloured and gilded — "■24th of August, 1708. This book was painted and given to the Library, in Shrews- bury, by Mrs, Ann Scrope, the widdow of Captain Gervas Scrojie, and sister to John X 178 Lacon, senior, of West Coppies, iu the county of Salop, esiiuire." 1712.— MR. AMBROSE PHILLIPS, fellow of St. John's CoUedje, in Cambridge, and for- merly a scholar in this. school. ("The Pastorals, which by the writer of the Guardian are ranked as one of the four genuine productions of the rustic Muse, cannot surely be despicable." — Johnson in The Lives of 'the British Poets.) That '•Phillips was a zealous Whig" was known to the critic, but the biographer did not discover that he and Robert, the Mayor of Shrewsbury in 1701, were sons of Ambrose Phillips, of Shrewsbury, draper. His poems collected into a Volume in 17-19, a year before his death, are not in the Library of the ''Pas- toral Poet's" School. 1713.— MR. BASIL WOOD, of Shrewsbury, and of White Abbey, in the parish of Alber- hiiry, CO. Salop. He married Abigail, the the sister of Sir Edward Leighton, by whom he had eight sons and eight daughters. He "gave his Map of Shropshire with Coats of Arms." MR. FRA. EVANS. EDWD. PHILLIPS, Dr. of Physick, and formerly a scholar of this school (son of Kdward Phillips, of Slirewsbury, draper), and Mayor in 1678. Dr. Pliillips, who.-^e family wa.s not relateil to the last of that nami\ died on the 4th Ajiril, 1713, aged 45, and left 191 volumes to tbe Library.) The REV. MR. HENRY BRICKDALE of Condover, and formerly a scholar in this .school. 1714.— MR. EDWARD JONES, now Mayor of Shrewsbury ^of a Merionethshire family.) The REVEREND DR. OTTLEY, Bishop of St. David's, gave to the library a legacy of hooks left by Sir Adam Ottley. (Adain Ottley, D.D., n'e|ihew of Sir Adam, and Fellow of Trinity Hall, was ollicial of St. Mary's from 1694 to 1712, the date of his elevation to the See of St. David's.) 171.-..— SAML. EDWARDS, Esq , of Frorlgloy. (The purchaser of Frodesley was son of John Edwards, of The I'eutrc, co. Montgomery, Ea<|., M.P. for Weiilock, and a De]iuty Tiller of the Excheiiuer ; his .secon\V. EDWARDS, A.if., Fellow of •l.'sus College, O.vford. REV. MR. RICll.MM) llO'l'CIl K IS, of Barbadocs l7.-,S._The RT. HON. WILLIA.M KAin.oK I5ATH. (In 177.'i Dr. Taylor publisheil his " Elements of Civil Law," as a work whicli h.ad nri.sen out of Lord (Iranvillc's suggestions fur this, his gramlson's education.) REV. MR. LLOYD, of Rug, Merioneth- shire (This year buried at St Jlarv's —0. ii B. ii, 401.) ' -MR. OWEN HUGHES, of Shrewsbury. REV. MR. FOSTER. A.M., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. (Author of "Essay on the different Xature of Accent and Quantity, 1763," in which he acknowledges obligations to Dr. Taylor. ) ARTHUR BLAYNEY, of Gregynog, Montgomeryshire. REV. MR. "HANMER, A.M., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. HENRY POWYS, Esq., of UmUrhiU, Salop. (Second surviving son of Thomas Powys. Esq., of Shrewsbuiy ; inherited The Abbey from liis uncle, Edward Baldwin, a former benefactor. ) REV. CHARLES MASON, D.D.. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. AVooil- wardian Professor of Geology, left among his MSS. calculations on Bellringing, in the practice of which he was eminent among "the Cambridge Youths.") MR. RICHARD NEWELL, of Shrews- bury. REV. WILLIAM WORTH INGTON, D.D. (Author of an " Euquiiy into the meaning of the Demoniacs in Scripture.") THOMAS WINGFIELD, Esq., of Shrewsbury. (OfAldertou; Mayor of Shrews- bury in 1767 ; admitted to the school in 1734.) —REV. EDW. B.ARNARD, D.D., Head Master of Eton. (Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge ; in 176.5, Provost of Eton.) REY. MR. SKYNNER, B.D., Fellow of St. John's, Canib. and Orator of the University. REV. MR, BARFORD, A.M., Fellow of King's Coll. Cambridge. REV. MR. ELIOT, A.M , President of Magdalen Coll. Cambridge. JOHN GRIFFITH, Esq., of Bicton, .Salop, (.•\dmissions to the 3rd school, in this name 173S and 1742.) 1759.— REV. MR. .JOHN ROOS WARING, Vicar of Bishop's Castle. (Son of Riidiard Waring of Hereford, Clerk ; admitted scholar to tlic 1st scliool in 1739.) MR. THOS WRl(!HT,of Bicton. Salop. (A celebrated nurserynciii and pl:iiitcr of the (,'uarry trees.) REV. MR. DOWNES, AJI., Fellow of St. Jolin's. JOHN BENNET, Esq., .Mayor of Shrcw.sbury. MR. HENRY BOWDLER, of Shrews- bury. 17J9, 181 ^ 17G0.— THOMAS POWYS, Esq., of Berwick. (Slierifl'iii 1762. Scliolai- admitted 174'2.) REV. DR. COTES, Dean of Lismore in Ireland. (Wasliingtoii Cotes, LL.D , Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, of the very ancient family now resident at Woodcote.) HENRY DUKE, Esq., of Barbadoes. REV. MR. BLAKEWAY, A.M., Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. (Edward, eldest son of Mr. Peter Blakeway, [benefactor in 1757] ; educated under Mr. Hotcliki.ss ; a Wrangler in 175ti. See 0. & B. ii, 384) MR. JOHN NEWLING, of Cambridge, (Son of the Head Master ; e.xcelled in heraldry ; held the living of Chirbury, and became a Canon of Liclitield. ) REV. WILLIAM POWELL, of Fitz, Salop. (This name occurs in the adnussioji register in 1737.) MR. THOMAS BROWNE, of Shrews- bury. MR. WARING, Professor of Mathe- matics and Fellow of Magdalene College, Cam- bi'idge. (Edward, son of John Waring, of Mytton and Hencott, gent., admitted to Shrewsbury School under Mr. Hotchkiss ; Senior Wiangler in 1757 ; Lucasian Professor iu 1769.) MR THOMAS JEFFREYS, of Shrews- bury. 17G1. —WILLIAM TAYLEUR, Esq., of Rod- ington and Shrewsbury ; Sheriff in 1744. ROWLAND WINGFIELD, Esq. (of Preston Brockliurst and Onslow, Sheriff' in 1753.) REV. MR. WINGFIELD, Fellow of St. John's College (Borlase AVingfield, Rector of Lopham, Norfolk, who had been ailniitted scholar with the previous benefactor in 1737.) MR. WILLIAM CHALLNER, of Redbroke, Flintshire.) REV. MR. RICHARDSON, of Jesus College, Cambridge. Here the parchment table whiidi, without recording their gifts, has .supplied us with tlie names of the Benefactors for the last 1 7 years, fails ; and we are left to search among the books themselves for those who were Bene- factors during the remaining years of Mr. Newling and in the days of his successors. This imperfect list will, it is hoped, lead to other memorials of benefits forgot. 176-1. — " Sectionum Conicaruni Elementa." D.D. Lucas Trevigar de Herstmonceaux, Rector de Icklesham Vicarius in Agro Sus- sexiensi et Ecclesiie Cathedralis Cicestrensis CanonicusResidentiarius. (Presentation copy 1761. 1765. 1766. 1769. 1800. 1804. from the author, who was Fellow of Clarp Halh) — " Sheridan's Lectures on Elocution ;' the gilt of .Mr. William Cooper, of Slirews- bury, burgeon. — "Spence's Polynieti.s," the gift of the Rev. Mr. Atcherley, A.M., second .school- master (of Magdalene College. Cambridge ; I'cmoved from the second to the heail school iu 1770 ) — Bibliotheca dvplo niagis avcta ex testa- mento loannis Taylor, LL.D. — " Cracketts' Spherical Trigonometry," the gift of Mr. John Edwards, student of Magdalene College, Cambridge. " Green's Principles of the Philo.sophy of Forces," the gift of the Honble. Thos. Towns- hend, Esq. (Given while Mr. Newling was Master, by the third son of the second Vis- count Townshend. one of the Tellers of the Excheijuer. ) To the Public Library of Shrewsbury School, these inestimable labours of the late learned and pious John Parkhurst, M.A. aie presented by his son-in-law, The Rev. Joseph Thomas, in testimony of respect and grati- tude for the education which he j-eceiveil under The Worthy and Rev. James Atcherley, Head Master in that seminary. "Psalt. Heb. Grffic. Arab Chald " e.x dono Revi. Viri J. B. Blakeway, xiii Cal. Dec. MDCcxcix. -"Plots' Oxfordshire,"e Jonis loan Mayor. -GEORGE BAGLEY, Teacher of the Mathematics, Shrewsbury, to the Tongues." gift of '-A Guide 1S12. 1818. 1824.- 1826.- " Sallust, &c., without date," with Arm.s of Thos. Lloyd, of Aston, Esij. S. BUTLER, D.D., late Head Master, " jEschyli Traga'dia;." -"Testa de Nevill," e munificentia viri pradiouorabilis Dmi Vice-coniitis Clive. -REV. EDW. BATHER, presented " Nov. Test, e codice Alex." STAFFORD PRICE, Esq., gave " Salis- buriensis de Nugis Curialium." -REV. JAMES MATTHEWS, formerly Third Master in this school, gave " Scriptores Rei Rusticae." -REV. ARCHDEACON OWEN gave " Eurii)idis Supplices. " MR. DOBREE, gave "Photius Porsoni." Here the list of benefactiors ceases, the illustration of which gradually loses iu interest as our own days are reached. CHAPTER XVII. Notes on Eminent Scholaks, 1562-1800. HE Registers of the Scliool from 1562 to 1664 have been preserved. The names of such Scholars as seem to deserve especial notice are selected from the Blakeway MSS. 1562. Dayidus Haxmee, ali. | Meeedythe Hanjiee, ali. ) These were sons of Thomas Hanmer, of Pentrepont, and the last of them was the noted Dr. Hanmer, instituted to the vicarage of St. Leonard's, Shore- ditch, in 1581, and to that of Islington, in 1583. He was no mean author; having written a Chronicle of Ireland and translated the Ecclesiastical Histories of the first 600 years after Christ, by Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius. He has not left a very good character behind him. Weever, describ- ing the ancient funeral monuments in the Church of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, writes : " The plates, with the inscriptions of such monuments as were of more antiquitie, were all taken away for covetousnesse of the brasse, by one Dr. Hanmer (as I have it by relation of the inhabitants). Vicar of this Church, which he converted into wine, and presently after (ashamed, belike, of such a detestable act), went over into Ireland, and there ignominiously ended his days." — p. 427. He was however promoted there to the treasurership of St. Patrick's, Dublin, where he died of the plague in 1604, after having held office fourteen years. His son, Thomas, recorded in the Visitation of Shrop- shire, probably died young, as Wood only mentions four daughters that he had. Gualterns Levtson, ali, M.F.H., i.e., Militis filius and hreres. Sir Walter Leveson, of Lilleshull, was grandson of James Leveson, merchant, who bought that Abbey at the Dissolution. Andreas Downes, ali, Andrew Downes, was a native of this county. He was born about the year 1550, and after his education here removed to St. John's College, Cambridge, of wliicli lie became a Fellow, though he should 183 seem afterwards to have removed to Trinity College in that University as tlie dedication to his Prfelections upon Lysias, 1593, is dated from thence. In 1586 he was appointed Greek Professor, and held that office till nearly the close of his life with great acceptation from the University, though with little satisfaction for his own part. His highest preferment was a canonry of Wells, conferred upon him for the share he took in the translation of our present Bible, in which the Apocrypha was his especial province. On resigning the Greek chair, which he did in 1625, the University evinced its opinion of his merits by continuing the usual stipend. This, however, he did not long enjoy, as he died at Coton near Cambridge in February, 1627, in the 77th year of his age. His epitaph gives him the character of being respectable for the candour of his manners, and well versed in divinity, but master of all human literature in an astonishing degree, which agrees with the Oxford historian who calls him a walking library. 1564. Philippus Sidney, filius et heres Henrici Sidney, militis de Penserst in comit. CantiiB et domini presidis confinium Cambrije necnon serenissimi ordinis garterii militis. 16 Ca. No. ali. FoCLKUS Gryvell, filius and heres Foulki Gryvell, armig' de Bechamis Courte in comit Warwici. 16 Cal. No. ali. It thus appears that the illustrious pair. Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Fulke Grevile, afterwards Lord Broke, were entered at this School on the same day, and laid here the foundation of that stedfast friendship which the latter ordered to be recorded in his epitaph. It was while young Sidney was at Shrewsbury School, that his father, the Lord President, addressed to him that admirable letter of advice, replete with affection, knowledge of the world, virtue, and piety. This letter was printed in 1591, in 12mo., under the title of "A very- Godly letter made by the Right Honourable Sir Henry Sidney, Knight of the most Noble order of the Garter, Lord Depute of Ireland, and Lord President of Wales, now xxv yeeres past, vnto Phillip Sidney, his sonne, then of tender yeeres, at Schoole in the towne of Shrewsbury, with one M. Astone." " Most necessarie for all young gentlemen to bee carried in memorie, with an excellent epitaph of the life and death of the said Lord President, 184 both -wliicli being put in print at the liumble request of one AYilliam Grriffitli, of CoredancT, in the Countie of Angles, sometime clarke of his kitchen. Printed at London, by T. Dawson, 1591. 12mo. p.p. 14."* To this letter, which is of extreme rarity, is annexed a postcript from his mother. * The following is the letter : — Souue Philip, I haue receiued two letters from you, the one written in Latiiie, the other in French, whiih I take in good parte, and will you to exercise that practise of learning often, for it will stand you in most steed in that profession of lyfe tliat you are borne to line in. And now sithence that is my tirst letter that ener I did write to you, I will nut that it be all empty of some aduices, which ray natnrall care of you prouoketh me to wish you to follow, as documentes to you in this your tender age. Let your tirst action be the lifting v]i of your niinde to Almighty God by hartie praier, and feelingly digest the wordes you speak in praier with continuall medita- tion, and thinking of him to whom you pray and vse this as an ordinarie, and at an ordinarie houre, whereby the time it selfe will put you in remembrance to doo that thing which you are accustomed to doo in that time. Apply your studie such houres as your discreet Master doth assigne you earnestly, and the time I know hee will so limit as shalbe both sufficient for your learning, yea and salfe for your health ; and marke the sence and matter of that you doo reade as well as the words, so shall you both enrich your tongue with wordes, and your wit with matter, and indgement wil grow, as yeares groweth in you. Be humble and obedient to your master, for vnlesse you frame your self to obey others, yea and feele in your selfe what obedience is, you shall neuer be able to teach others how to obey you. Be courteous of gesture, and affable vnto all men, with diuersitie of reuerenee according to the dignitie of the person, there is nothing that winneth so much with so little cost, vse moderate diet, so as after your meale you may find your wit fresher and not more duller, and your body more liuely and not more heauic, seldome drinke wine, and yet sometimes do, least being inforced to drinke vpou the sudden you .should tind your selle intlamed. vse exercise of bodie, but such as is without jierill of your bones or ioints, it will increase your for<'e and enlarge your breath, delite to bee cleanly as well in all parts of your body as in your garnient.s, it shall make you gratefull in eacli company and otherwise lothsonie, giue your selfe to be merie, for you degenerate from your father if you tind not your .selfe most able in wit and bodie, to do any thing when you be most merie, but let your mirth lie euer void of all scurrillitie and biting words to any man, for an wound giueu by a worde is oftentinu's harder to bee cured then that which is giuen with tlie swonl : be you rather a hearer and bearer away of other mens talke, than a beginner or ju'ocurer of spcch, otherwise you shalbe accompted to delite to heare your selfe speake. Be modest in ech a.s.semblie, and ratlier be rebuked of light felowes for maideidike shamcfastnes, than of your s.ad friends for peart boldnes : think vpon euery worde that you will speake before you vtter it, and remember how nature hath rampered vp as it were the tongue with teeth, lips, yea and haire witliout the lips, and all betokening raines and bridles to the le.s.se vse of that member ; aboue all things tell no vntrnth, no not in trilles, the custonie of it is mingbt : And let it not satisfie you that the hearers for a time take it for truth, yet after it will be knowne as it is to your sliame, for there cannot be a greater re]iroch to a Gentleman than to be accompted a Iyer. Study ami cmleuour your selfe to be vertuouslv occupied, so shall you make such an habito of well doing in yon, as you shall not know how to do enill though you would : I!eiuend>er my .Sonne the noble blond you are discended of by your mothers side, and thinke th.it only by vertnons life and good action, you may be an ornament to that yliistre family, and otlierwise through vice and sloth you may l)c accompted Lab'S (j' iiiris, a spot of yiuir kin, one of the greatest cur.sses that can ha|i]ien to man. Well my little I'hillip, this is enough fur me anil I fcare to much for you, but yet if I finde that this light meat of digestion do nourish any thing the wiake stomaek of your yoong capacitie, I will as I finde the same grow stronger, feede it with tougher food. Commeml mee most heartily vnto .Maister .Justice Corbet, old Master Onslowe, and my Coosin his sonne. Farewell, your mother and I send you our blessings, and Almighty God graunt yon his, nourish you with his feare, gouerne you with his grace, and make you a good seruant to your I'rince and Countrey.--Vour loning Fatlier, Hknky Sidney." A post script by my Lady Sidneij in thr sl-irls of my L. Prrsidnil' s Irtirr, to her sayd .Sonne I'hillip. " Your nolile and carefuU Father hath taken ]iaynes with his owne hand, to giue you in this his letter, so wise, so learned, and most rei|ui.site precepts for you to follow, with a diligent and bumble tbankefidl mintle, as I will not witlidrawe your eies from beholding and ri'Ueri'nt honoring the same : No, not s(. long time as to read any letter from me, and therefore at this time I will write vnto you no othi^r letter than this, wbcrby I first blesse you, with my de.sire to God to plant in you his grace, and secouilarily warne yon to haue .alwaies before the eyes of your niiml, these excellent eonusailes of my Lord your deero Father, and that you fayle not continually once in foure or five dales to rc.ade them oner. And for a finall leave taking for this tinu", see that you shewe your selfe as a louing obedient Scholer to your good Maister, to gonerne you yet many yeeres, and that m\ Lord and I may heare that yo\i ]irofite so in your learning, as thereby you may encease our louing care of you, and deserne at Ills liandes the lontinuani'e of his great ioy. to have liiiu often witnesse wilh bis own hanile llie hopi> he hath in your well doing. Farewell my little I'hillip, and once again the Lord ble.s.se yon. Your louing Mother, iUiiiK Sh>.nev." 185 1564. Jacobus Harington, filius Jacobi Harrington, armig' de Exton in comit' Rutlandiae, ali. He was a cousin German of Sir Philip Sidney : he was himself a Knight, and his elder brother was created a peer in the first year of James I. Jacobus Sandes, filius et heres Reverendi patris in Cliristo D. Edwiui Sandes, Bpiscopi Yigorniensis, 6 Id. Novembris, ali. It is remarkable that Archbishop Sandys, in a very particular account of his children, printed in the Peerages, has omitted all mention of this his son and heir. He probably died young. Feanciscus Sandes, filius et heres Gulielmi Sandes, ar' de Corneside in comit' Comerland, eodem die, ali. Probably a nephew of the Archbishop's, though the Peerages represent that prelate's elder brother, William Sandys, to have died without issue. Edwaedus Salusbuet, filius et heres D. Johannis Salusbury, militis de Lloenni in comit. Denbighe, 9o. Ca. De. Georgius Wild, filius et heres Thomce Wild, armig' in comit' Vicornise 17 cal. Ap. ali. He was a very eminent lawyer, and became a serjeant in 1614. He was father of Chief Baron Wylde. Though Mr. Ashtonhas entitled him son and heir he had an elder half-brother. (See the pedigree in Nash.) 1565. HuMFEiDUS Packinton, filius et heres Johanni Packington, Chadseley, armiger in civitate Vicornige, 6s., No. Maii. ali. The Packingtons of Chad- desley Corbet were a younger branch of that family. Henricus Vaenon, filius Roberti Varno, armiger' de Haslinton in comit' Cestriaj, 6th No. Maii, ali. Thomas Haeeies, 4o. Cal. Junii. ali. This was Thomas son of John Harries, of Cruckton, and Eleanor Proude his wife. He was an eminent lawyer, and obtained a baronetcy, 1623. He purchased Tong Castle which subsequently passed to the Pierrepoints by the marriage of his only daughter, Elizabeth, into that family. His arms were barry of eight erm. and az. over all 3 armlets or. T 186 1565. Thomas Broke, filius et lieres Ricliardi Broke de Norton in comitat' Cestr' armig' decimo quarto caleud. Julii. ali. Edwardus Butler, filius et lieres TliomjB Butler, de Bewsey in comitat' Lancaster' armiger' eodem die ali. ffRANCiscus Bromlet, filius et lieres Georgii Bromlcj' de Worley in comitat' Salopiee armig' Calen. Septembris ali. GiLBERTUS Gerret, filius et lieres Guilielmi Garret (sic.) de Cestrise in comitat' Cestrise armig' nonis Octobris ali. Gilbert Gerard, son and heir of AVilliam Gerard, Esq., clerk of tlie Duchy of Lancaster, was created a Baronet in 1620, and afterwards became one of Cromwell's House of Lords, it is a matter of doubt if he was the youth here set down. 1566. Johannes Copleston, filius et heres Johannis Coppleston, armiger' de Egesford in comitat' Denshire, 13o cal. Julii. ali. RiniARDUS Leghe, filius et lieres Richardi Leghe, de higlie Leglie in comitat' Cestri^e armiger' 4o idus Octobris, ali. Thomas Leighton, filius et heres Edwardi Leighton, de Watelsborow in commit' Salopi?e armig' 8o calen. Novemb. ali He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir W. Gerard, and was buried at Alberbury, 1600. RicHAEDUS Lmip, filius et heres Richardi Lloid, de Marington in comit' Salop armiger pri. Nonas Novemb ali. Afterwards secretary to the second Earl of Essex. Jacobus ap Rease, filius et horcs Richardi ap Uease, de Mote in comit' Mongomer' armig' 5o Idu. Novem. ali. CiiisTopHERDS HoLTFORD, filius et licrcs Cliristophcri Holtford, de Iscrit in comit' Flint, decimo nono cal. Fcbriia. ali. Johannes Barker, filius Jacobi Barker, de Haghmouml in comit' Salop armig' codcm dir ;ili. 187 HouMFRiDUS Lee, filius Richardi Lee, de Longley in comit' Salop armiger' 18o Ca. Feb. ali. He was created a Baronet in 1620, being the first gentleman in Shropshire raised to that distinction. 1567. Hakrte Harrington, filius Jacobi Harrington, de Exon in com' Retlad pridie No. Junii. ali. Peregrinus Davis, filius Richardi Davis, episcopi Menevensis Deci 7o cal. Novemb. ali. The Bishop retired beyond sea in the reign of qu. Mary, and most likely this his son was born at that time, and then christened Peregrine. Thomas Massye, filius et heres Johnis Massye, ar' de Codington in com' Cestriee. ali. 1596. Ffraunciscus Newpoete tertio nonas novo. alie. He was father of the first Lord Newport. The laudable practice of inserting the parentage of the more distin- guished boys had by this time ceased. 1571. Abrahamus Fradnce, op. 4d. Abraham Fraunce, a native of Shrews- bury, but of a family originally from Lancashire* is said to have been educated here at the expense of Sir Philip Sidney, and wrote many things in verse and prose. His profession was that of a barrister, and we have of him in that department an elaborate quarto, entitled, " The Lawiers Logike, exemplifyino- the precepts of Logike by the practice of the Common Lawe." Nothino- is known of his later life, but his family and Christian names continued in the town for nearly a century after this time.+ RoBT. Nedeham, ar' fil' Salop. This was Sir Robert Nedham, vice- president of Wales, father of the first Lord Kilmorey. 1582. Thomas Sydney, filius Dni Henrici Sydney, militis de Pensurst in * Thomas France of Stone Foregate (de fforata lapid'), glover, son of Richard Fraunce, late of the parish of Wynwick, husbandman, was admitted a burgess of Salop, 10th Dec, 38th Hen. VIII. t Abraham Fraunce, of Shrewsbury, glover, son of Roger F., of the same, glover, deceased, was admitted a burgess, 14th April, 1620. He was piobabjy the same A. F. who was admitted of our School in 1600. Abraham Fraunce and Susan Overton were married at St. Mary's, Dec. 31st, 1643, and Susanna, late wife of Abram Fraunce, was buried there June 20th, 1662. Isaac Fraunce, adm. of Sal. Sch., 1632. 188 comitatu Cantife and dni p'sidis confiniu' Cambrijfi nee no' nobilissimi ordinis garteri militis. 10s. 1584. Peeks Griffithe, filius et heres Risoei Griffitlie, militis de Pentlirin in comitatu Carnarvo. 6s. 8d. 1.585. "WiLLiAii Griffithe, filius ejusd Risisi Griffitlie, minor natu. 6s. 8d. 1585. JoHX Haxmee, generosi filius. 2s. 6d. This is probably the son of David Hanmer of Pentrepont in the parish of Selatyn, and nephew of Dr. Meredith Hanmer. His life may be seen in "Wood. He was a great friend of Camden's, and died Bishop of St. Asaph in 1629. Edwarde Gray, armigeri filius et heres. 3s. 4d. He was son and heir of Edward Grey, Esq. (natural son of the last Lord Grey de Powis), by Chrysogona his wife, dau. of John Giffard, Esq., of Chillington. Alexander Nowell") 2s. 6d. > generosi filii. Lawrence Nowell ) 2s. 6d. These were two sons of Lawrence Nowell, the very learned Dean of Lichfield, brother of Alexander Nowell, the more celebrated Dean of St. Paul's. Lawrence, the second of the youths here mentioned was born in 1571, and admitted to Brazenosc College in 1590. Churton's Life of Nowell, p. 233. Thomas Nowell, generosi filius, 2s. 6d., whose admission into this School is recorded in the same page was another son of the Dean of Lichfield. 1590. \ViLijAM Robinson, 10s. \ Hcmfkey Robinson, 10s. /Episcopi Bangoriensis filii. Herbert Robinson, 10s. / NicnfiLAs Robinson, Bishop of Bangor from 1566 to 1585, avIio besides these sons had an elder. Piers, admitted at this School in 1591, 1.j9/. AiiTiiru lioi'TON, armigeri filius, 2s. 6d. This Arthur Hopton published several books: 1st, Bacuhim (Jeodeticum, Ito., 1610, wliich he presented to 189 our School Library under the style of "A. H. gent., sometimes scholler of the Free School." 2nd, Speculum Topographicum, 4to., IGll. These two are on Mensuration. 3rd, A Concordance of Years, 12mo., 1615. This is in the nature of what is now called "a red book." 4tli, Prognostications for 1607 and so to 1614. Wood says he was fifth son of Sir Arthur Hopton, K.B., by Rachel Hall, that he became a gentleman Commoner of Lincoln College, 1604, at the age of 15 or 16, and that he died Nov. 1614. There is considerable difficulty in all this. The K.B. mentioned by Wood certainly had by his said wife a younger son named Arthur, but that son was certainly alive in 1643, when his nephew Ralph, the gallant commander for Charles I. was created a peer with remainder to this his uncle. That family, too, was of Yorkshire origin. But the author of the books above mentioned, was, it is nearly certain, a Shropshire man, and of the family to whom Hopton in the Hole belonged, for he frequently introduces it as an example in his Baculum Geodeticum ; and his Prognostication of 1607 is referred to the town of Shrewsbury, whence Wood conjectured that he was born here. The Robert Broughton, too, of the Inner Temple, whose complimentary Latin acrostic, is prefixed to our A. Hopton's Concordance of Years, was only son of Judge Broughton of Owlbury, and born in Shrewsbury, and the commendatory verses prefixed to his Baculum, compliment him upon the antiquity of his family. Andrewe Coebet, armigeri filius et heres | 3s. 4d. Robert Coebet, frater j 2s. 6d. Maii 3o. These were sons of Sir Vincent Corbet, knight, of Morton Corbet, who had himself been educated at this School upon its first opening in 1562. Robert was ancestor of the Corbets of Ynysymaengwyn : Andrew his elder brother became in due time a leading man in the county, and is styled by Mr. Studley in his Looking-glasse of Schisme, p. 116, "a grave and prudent knight." 1598. Thomas Sceiven, armigeri filius et heres. 3s. 4d. Maii 7, Studley calls him (ut supra) " Captaine Scriven an esquire of worth and learning well known over all our countie," p. 110, and again, "a prudent, judicious and learned gentleman," p. 111. In the civil wars he engaged actively in the service of Charles I. from whom he received the honour of knighthood. 190 1600. Geiffithe Bagxall. ) .,.^. „,. n Q^ > militis nlius. OS. od. Hexrici Bagxall. ) Ealf Bagxall, armigeri filius. 2s. 6d. Apr. Francis Peixce, Richard Prince, John Prince, Richaedi Prince, ar' de Foreget monachorn filii. op. 4d. each. 1601. Sampson Price. 4d. Xov. 2. Yicar of Christ Church, London, termed "Malleus Ecereticorum." He preached the Consecration Sermon of the Schools Chapel. Thomas Gereard, armigeri filius. 2s. 6d. Jan. 23rd. 1611. Fkauxcis Oatelet, armigeri filius and heres. 3s. 4d. July 19. Afterwards governor of Shrewsbury. 1612. Thomas Prichaed. 8d. Dec. 17th. Thomas Prichard, D.D., Arch- deacon of Llandaff and Vice-principal of Jesus College, Oxford, was a benefactor to our School Library in 1628, and is called in the catalogue " a scholar." He was made Archdeacon in September, 1627, and proceeded D.D. in 1628. He probably died during the usurpation, as his archdeaconry, was filled up in 1660. 1613. Edwaed "Woolley. 4d. Dec. 13th. Says "Wood, "was born in the ancient borough of Shrewsbury, educated in the King's School there." Hence he went to St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1622, and was B.A. in Dec , 1628, when he was instituted to the rectory of Adderlcy in this county on the presentation of Sir John Corbet, in whose political sentiments, however, he did not concur on the approaching struggle, and was deprived of his benefice. He probably joined Charles I. at Shrewsbury in 1612, as he was with him in the December of that year at Oxford, in the capacity of one of his chaplains, iiiid was then created I) 1). " When his Majesty's cause declined," says Wood, " he suffered, as other royalists did ; attended his son in his adverse fortune, while he himself endured great misery." From this expression it should seem tliiit he passed some time in exile, and it was there perhaps, that he published ill 16.")4, the " Parallel betwixt Charles II. King of England, and Lewis the l\'. the l"i-encli King," a duodecimo of 28 pages, containing tlie speech of 191 Lewis to liis revolted subjects, and being a strong incentive to loyalty. Tlie author himself tells us in a subsequent work " Loyalty among Rebels," that this piece produced a great effect. " It inflamed " says he, " many affections towards the King at its first appearance, and being reprinted eight months before his Majesty's return to England, it proved so prosperous that some thousand copies were dispersed and vented in forty houres ; and then it grew suddenly a publick discourse in the city and countrey." After the restora- tion he does not appear to have received any immediate reward for his exertions and sufferings in the royal cause, except being put upon the list of King's chaplains. He also published, " Loyalty among Eebels : The true Royalist, or Hushay the Archite, a happy Counsellour in King David's greatest danger, written by Edward Wolley, D.D., and chaplain in ordinaiy to his Sacred Majesty King Charles the II." Lond. 12mo. pp. 180. Dedicated to John Earl of Bathe. It is a declaration of the merits of the Royalists, the advantage of monarchy, &c., and soon afterwards, viz. in Oct. 1662, he was presented by the crown to the rectory of Toppesfield in Essex, and thence, two years after, promoted to the bishopric of Clonfert, where he died 1684. John Kinge. 4d. 13th Dec. In 1638, " John Kinge, D.D., son to the famous prelate sometime Bishop of London," occurs as a benefactor to our School Library. That was the year of his death, and it is believed that he had been a Scholar here, and the youth admitted in 1613. From the admission fee of 4d. it should seem he was an oppidan. He was public orator of the University of Oxford, Canon of Christ Church and Windsor, and Prebendary of St. Paul's. HuMFBEY Maokwoorthe. 4d. 22nd Jan. Parliamentarian Governor of Shrewsbury, 1647. The family was seated at Betton Strange. Reynold Corbet ( generosi filius et heres, 3s. 4d. ) Edward Corbet ( cum fratre I These were sons of Roger Corbet, gent., of Pontesbury. Edward became a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, in 1624, and was Proctor of that University in 1638. He married a daughter of Sir Nathaniel Brent, the puritanical warden of his College, and when the troubles broke out, espoused that party, was made one of the Assembly of Divines, preached before the 192 Long Parliament, appeared against Laud at his trial, and was made D.D. in 1648, when the University was reformed. He was also appointed Public Orator and a Canon of Christ Church in the room of the excellent Dr. Hammond, but these places, says Wood, he soon after threw up, " as being a person of conscience and honesty:" a rare character to be given by that antiquary, to a person of Dr. Corbet's principles. The Dr.'s highest prefer- ment was the Rectory of Haseley, in Oxfordshire. AVood makes him 55 at the time of his death, Jan. 5th, 1657, but he was older, having been baptized at Pontesbury, June 1st, 1600. There is a sermon of his in print, preached before the House of Commons, 1642, and "The AYorldling's Looking Glass," b}" Edward Corbet, 8vo., 1630, is probabl}' a production of his likewise. 1625. Jeremy Whichcot, generosi filius. 2s. 6d. Oct. 9. His father was Christopher Whichcot, Esq., of Stoke in the parish of Burford in this county, where this his seventh son was baptized, Oct. 11th, 1614. He became a barrister-at-law and solicitor general to the Elector Palatine. He had such familiar access to Charles I. during a part of his imprisonment, that he is said to have enjoyed the opportunity of which he availed himself to transcribe several chapters of the Eikon Basilike. At the request of Charles II. during his exile, he purchased the wardenship of the Fleet prison, by which he was able to serve the royal cause occasionally at that period, and is said to have averted a treacherous design against the King himself. When the restoration became nearly a certainty Charles signalized his gratitude to Mr. Whichcote by creating him a baronet. The patent bore date at Brussels April 2nd 1660, ob. at Hendon. 1626. Bexj.uun Baxtee. Is. Nathaniel Baxter. is. I Is.) 25th Jan. Benjamin Baxter was the son of Mr. George Baxter, "the old holy and reverend pastor at Little Wenlock, who lived there till about eighty-six years of age, in the constant faithful preaching and practising of the Gospel.". Tills his son was ejected from Upton-upon-Sevoni in 1()62, "a preacher of extraordinary skill, wlio lived uin-ightly and suffered iniicli l)y liis ejection." Nathaniel in all probability was a brother ; another brother, Stephen, was • Life of Kicluinl Baxter, iMit iii, ]>. 01. 193 admitted 1632. lie was also an ejected minister, and afterwards practised physic. Baxter calls liim most humble and blameless. He was of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Thomas Lister, armigeri fil. and hferes. 3s. 4d. 27th Jan. Afterwards knighted by Charles I. 1633, Richard Allestre. Is. 20th Jan. Dr. Allestree's father was a native of Derbyshire, who served Sir Richard Newport of High Ercall, in the capacity of steward, and settling at Uppington under the Wrekin on one of his master's farms, married a neighbour's daughter of the name of Clemson. This his son was born at Uppington, March, 16|§, and was first sent to Wroxeter School, founded by Sir Richard Newport, when in his 8th year. His proficiency there under a Mr. Owen must have been very great; for he left it before he was 14, yet he was able at that time to excite the jealousy of the celebrated Richard Baxter, five years his senior, and educated at the same place." The present Lord Newport and his brother,"" says Baxter, "were then my schoolfellows in a lower form; and Dr. Richard AUestree, now Dr. of the chair in Oxford, canon of Christ's Church, and provost of Eaton College; of whom I remember, that when my master set him up into the lower end of the highest form, where I had long been chief, I took it so ill, that I talkt of leaving the School. Whereupon my master gravely, but very tenderly, rebuked my pride, and gave me for my theme : Ne sutor ultra crepidam.+ From Shrewsbury AUestree went to Coventry School, and after, in 1636, to Christ Church, Oxford. He afterwards served as a common soldier in the King's army, and at the close of the war, 1646, returned to Oxford and took Orders. In 1648 he was expelled from Oxford, and until the Restoration was constantly a medium of commnncation from England to Charles. In 1660 he was made a Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. He was offered a bishopric, but refused it as his epitaph asserts, Episcopales infulas eadem industria evitavit qua alii ambiunt. In 1663 he was made Regius Professor of Divinity, and in August, 1665, Provost of Eton. He died Jan. 27th, 1680, at the age of 60 years. 1635. Charles Cavendishe, armigeri filius et heeres. 3s. 4d. 27th Apr. ' Francis and Andrew, baptized respectively, 12tli March, 1619, and 30th November, t Reliquiae BaxterianjE, pt. i, p. 3. Z 194 l*^-^"- Silas Tatlee, 3s. 4d. Sept. 7tli. He was a native of Harley in tins county, the son of one Silvanus Tayler, who took an active part against the King in the civil wars. This his son did the same, and had great power in Herefordshire during those times; which, however, "he used so civilly and oblio-in^lv," as "Wood has it. that he made his peace after the Restoration, and died storekeeper at Harmch in 1678. He was an antiquary, musician, and linsfuist, and wrote several works. 1640. ]\Xg. Charles Xedham. xs. \ Me. George Nedhaji. ss. ,- Oct. 14th. Mr. Thomas Nedham. xs. ) These were three sons of Robert the second Viscount Kilniorey b}^ his second wife. The first of them succeeded his half-brother in the title. ^^'^^- Cassius Bexthal. 3s. 4d. Cassey Benthall a younger son of Lawrence Benthall, of Benthall, Esq., by Elizabeth, daur. of Thomas Cassey, Esq., of Whitfield, in Gloucestershire, became a colonel in the army of Charles I. and was killed in battle at Stow in the Wold. The Bentlialls were Roman Catholics. 1642. FkANCIS WOLETCHE. 1 rogee woleiche. William Wolbyche. Thomas Woleyche. l-xxs. These were sons of Sir Thomas AVolrycho, of Dudmaston, knight and Baronet, and the eldest of them succeeded his father in the title. 1643. George Savill. ) .• ar- t^i • 10 o r^i -ir ,„ „ ( h(|intis aurati nhi Eboracensis. 13s. 4d. Feb. 15. AViLLIAM SaVILL. ) '■ Tlie first of these sons of Sir William Savile, bart., acted a very distinguished part in after life. He was the celebrated George Savile created Viscount Ihillfax in 1668, and IMarquis by the same title in 1682, so often in the confidence and under the displeasure of the two last Kings of the Stewart race, so celeln-atcd also, for his wit and literature, and for the sliare he took in the revolution. The Marquis cannot have derived much advantage from 195 his education at Shrewsbury School, for at the end of a year after his admission it passed, by the capture of the town, into the rule of a master of principles very foreign from those of his eminently loyal family. 1043. George Weld. ) John Weld. ) ' ' They were sons of Sir John Weld, of Willey, the younger, and George was deputy lieutenant of the Tower of London in the reign of Charles II. Basil Fitzheebeet. 3s. 4d. Of Boscobel. Waltee Weottesley. 6s. 8d. Ho was the second baronet of this family. 1646. RoGEE Haywaed. 4d. He was afterwards vicar of St. Chad's. EiCHARD Herbert. 3s. 4d. Son of Francis Herbert, Esq., and grand- father (by Florence Herbert, grand-daughter of the celebrated Baron of Chirbury, and heiress to her brothers Edward and Henry who successively bore that title) to the first Earl of Powis. Matthew Herbert. 3s. 4d. Brother of the last, and afterwards a knight. 1647. Titus Thomas. Is. An eminent minister, ejected from Aston Chapel, near Oswestry, he became an Independent Minister in Shrewsbury, at the same time applied himself to the practice of physic. Calamy and Henry both speak highly of his merits. He died December lOtli, 1686, and was buried at West Felton. William Williams. 3s. 4d. In such common names it is impossible to speak with certainty, but from several circumstances and (the amount of the fee makes it probable for Is. is the ordinary payment for foreigners), it is believed that this was the celebrated Speaker of the House of Commons, and ancestor of the Wynnstay family, whose history is well known. He was 66 years old at his death in 1700; and consequently must have been born in or about 1634. IboO. Edward Lutwich. 4d. He was an eminent lawyer, King's Serjeant, and Judge of the Common Pleas, born 1634, died 1709. 196 1651. John Jeffeeies. 3s. 4d. Thomas Jefferies. 2s. 6d. Edward Jefferies. 2s. 6d. "William Jefferies. 2s. 6d. George Jefferays. 2s. 6d. These were sons of John Jeffreys, Esq. (so the name is uniformly Avritten), of Acton, near Wrexham ; and opposite to George is written in the margin of our School register, in an old hand, " 1685, made Lord Chancelor of England." This was no other than the infamous Judge Jeffreys, whose insolence and base servility to the worst measures of an abandoned court, have, strange it is hardly necessary to say, found no apologist. Lord Campbell says in liis Lives of the Chancellors that he hoped to redeem his name from some of the obloquy that has attached to it, but one by one all his hopes faded away. Those who have the least spared his character, allow, that when his interests or passions did not interfere he made a good judge. The charge against him of having shortened his days by intemperance during his confinement in the Tower, is positively contradicted by one who knew liim well, ami who received acts of kindness from him. Archbishop Sharp. His history is too well known to require repetition here. He was the sixth son of his father and was born May 15th, 1645. His first wife, to whom he is said to have behaved with a generous delicacy, is called a "mean gentle- woman with £300." She was Sarah, daughter of Thomas Needham, and died in 1677. His second wife, the daughter of Sir Thomas Bludworth, was relict of Sir John Jones, of Funenan, in the county of Glamorgan. His several preferments were : — Common Serjeant of London, Recorder of that city, a Judge of North Wales, (his elder brother then being high sheriff, and another brother preacher of the assize sermon). Knighted 1680, Chief Justice of Chester, Serjeant-at-Law, Baronet Nov., 1683, Privy Counsellor, Lord High Chancellor, Baron of Wem. He died April 18th, 1689. 1652. Price Deveeeux. 3s. 4d. Father of Price the ninth Viscount Hereford. I60.3. Jdiix Bemiow. 2s. This has been erroneously supposed by some to be the Admiral. Admiral Benbow died in 1702, aged about 53 years. 197 1656. Edwaed Clud. 3s. -id. Chaeles Clud. 2s. 6d. The last of these gentlemen, to whom his elder brother, a staunch Jacobite, resigned the Orleton estate to avoid a recognition of King William's title, was a colonel in the guards to that monarch, and was killed in his service at the battle of Landen, 1693. 1658. Moses Williams. 8d. Aug. 21. Thomas Patton. 2s. 6d. Algeenon Payton. 2s. 6d. The second of these (and probably the first also, though he is not mentioned in the Baronetage), was son of Dr. Algernon Payton, of Doddington in Cambridgeshire, and was created a baronet in 1666. 1662. Littleton Powys. 3s. 4d. Thomas Powys. 2s. 6d. These two youths were sons of Thomas Powys, Esq., of Henley, near Ludlow, Serjeant- at- Law, styled by Calamy, an able lawyer of Shropshire. Littleton Powys the eldest brother, baptised at Bitterley, 27th April, 1647, became a Baron of the Exchequer, 1695, and a puisne Judge successively of the Courts of Common Pleas (1697) and King's Bench (1700), which last situation he resigned in 1726 and died "at his seat in Shropshire, i.e. at Henley, 16th March, 1732. But Thomas, the younger brother, bapt. 7th Feb., 1648, was the more eminent person, having been appointed Solicitor- General to James II. in 1686, and Attorney-G-eneral in 1687; on which last occasion Burnet calls him " a compliant young aspiring lawyer," (he was then in his 40th year), " though, in himself, no ill-natured man." The Revolution appears to have obstructed his further promotion, for he obtained no office until 1713, when he was appointed a Judge of the King's Bench. But he retained this post little more than a year, being superseded almost immediately after the accession of George I., from which, and from the fact that Prior wrote his epitaph, his political principles are easily discernible. He amassed a large fortune, and purchased a fine estate at Lilford in Northamptonshire, from which his great grandson took his title, when he was created a Peer in 1797. 198 1663. Bexjamix Jexkes. 2s. Gd. Oct. 16. The pious and exemplary author of a book of Prayers and other devotional works, and rector of Harley from May, 1668, to his death in the same month of 1724, at the age of 78. From this time there is no register of admissions till 1734 The admissions during part of Mr. Hotchkiss' time from November, 1734, to the year ending November, 1745, have escaped the general wreck, having been copied in one of his private books. They contain the following names which seem to deserve notice. 1738 John Maddox, 1st School. Born in 1723. He received his early education at Ruthin Grammar School, from which he removed to Shrewsbury. Called to the bar, he practised in the Court of Chancery where he attained great eminence and the honour of a silk gown. From 1786 to 1790 he sat in Parliament for the Borough of Westbury, and dying September 23rd, 1794, was buried at Gresford. 1738. HicHAKD Parkot, 3rd School. Tliis Scholar does not confer much lionour upon the School. His life was, however, a remarkable one. On leavino- the School he joined the East India service, and in 1758, it is recorded (if him that the King of Prussia constituted him his commander of vessels of war authorising him to take, burn, sink, and destroy. This Pitt at once took steps to counteract. A sketch of his life published in 1770, makes him an adventurer of the most abandoned description. Ingratiating himself with Edward Augustus Duke of York, by the influence of his Royal Highness he obtained a patent of precedence, January 3rd, 1767, authorizing him to enjoy the privileges of a Baronet as from July 1st, 1716. 1739. Charles Newlinc, 2ii(1 School, afterwards Head Master, 1754-70. James Atcherley, 3rd School. Head Master, 1770-98. 1711. Thomas Humphreys, 2iid School. Yicar of St. Cliad's, Shrewsbury. The register of admissions from 1745 is absolutely lost. "There was a large folio volume of the admissions at the Schools, which, after being filled 199 to the period of my father's resignation, was given to Mr. Atcherley, that lie might continue it in the same manner." — Letter of Rev. J. Newlino-. The following eminent persons were also educated at the School, but the date of their entry cannot be given : — Sib John Harrington, born in 1561, near Bath. After leaving Shrews- bury he entered Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1591 he translated Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, and dedicated it to Queen Elizabeth. He died 1612. Sib Edwin Sandys i -, „ Sons of Sandys, Archbishop of York. George Sandys ) Sir Edwin became an eminent politician in the reign of James I., and was the friend of Hooker. He died in 1629. George after leaving Shrewsbury entered St. Mary's Hall, Oxford. He travelled much and published several works. He died in 164:2. Rev. Francis Gibbons, D.D., born in 1588, entered Christ Church, Oxford, on leaving Shrewsbury. Afterwards Vicar of the Abbey Church, Shrewsbury, and Chaplain to Chai'les I. James Harrington, another descendant of the Harringtons of Rutland, was born in 1611. He was appointed to attend on King Charles when in captivity, accompanying him to the scaffold. His work the " Oceana" caused both Royalists and Parliamentarians to look on him with suspicion, and on the accession of Charles II. he was imprisoned in the Tower and afterwards at Plymouth. Sir Thomas Jones, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, a native of Shrewsbury, born in 1614. He filled important offices in the Town of Shrewsbury, and was afterwards M.P. for his native borough. He died in 1692. William Wycherley, born at Clive Hall, near Shrewsbury, in 1640. As a dramatist and poet he is so well known it is unnecessary further to refer to him. His father was long engaged in litigation with the authorities of the School respecting the sum paid by the School to the minister of Clive Chapel. 200 RiCHAED Hill, second son of Sir Rowland Hill, born Marcli 20tli, 1654-, after leaving Shrewsbury Scliool was admitted to St. John's College, Cambridge, 1675. He took the degree of B.A. 1678, and M.A. 1682, became a Fellow of his College, and took Deacon's Orders. Having been recom- mended to Laurence, Earl of Rochester, as a tutor for his son, Lord Hyde, he fell under the notice of Richard Jones, Earl of Ranelagh, Paymaster- G-eneral of the Forces. Mv. Hill was appointed Deputy-Paymaster to the Army sent to Flanders, 1691, and stayed there till 1697. During this time he was dispatched as Envoy Extraordinary to the several Princes engaged in the war. In 1699 he was appointed one of the Lords of the Treasury, and on the accession of Queen Anne a Lord of the Admiralty, and after Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to the States of Italy. After his retirement he was strongly pressed to accept of the Bishopric of Ely, this he declined, but accepted a Fellowship of Eton. He died July 11th, 1727. From the register of St. John's College, Cambridge, it appears that Thomas Bowers, born in the town of Salop, son of Richard Bowers, draper, deceased, and educated in the roj^al School there under Mr. Taylor, was admitted a subsizar of that College, 13th Jun., 1677, being then 17 years of age. Mr. Bowers took his degree of B.A. 1680, M.A. 1684 In Sept. 1715, he was appointed a Prebendary of Canterbury. He had taken his doctor's degree (which must have been a Lambeth one, as he does not appear on the list of either University), and had become a King's Chnitlain, and Archdeacon of Canterbury before August, 1722, when he was made Bishop of Chichester on the death of Dr. IManningham, but he held this preferment only two years and died on the 22nd Aug., 1724. Ambrose Phillips the poet, son of Ambrose Phillips, a draper of the town, born in 1674, educated under Mr. Lloyd at the Schools, admitted a Sizar of St. John's College, Cambridge, June 15th, 1693. Represented the County of Armagh in Parliament and was Judge of the Prerogative Court, Ireland. He died June 18th, 1749, in his 75th year. TiiK RuiMT Rev. John Thomas, son of a maltster, born in the old house in Frankwell, Shrewsbury, now designated the " String of Horses." Ho was baptized at St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, Nov. 27th, 1687. It was not till 1710 201 lie became a member of Catliavinc College, Cambridge, and it is snpi)oscd lie had previously tried some other profession before determining to enter into holy orders. He took his B.A. in 1713, and M.A. 1717. He was appointed Chaplain to the Factory of English Merchants at Hamburg, 1725. In 1721t he took his degree of D.D. at Cambridge, and Avas made chaplain to George II. In 1743 he was nominated Bishop of St. Asaph, but before consecration the See of Lincoln fell vacant and he was consecrated, April, 1744. In 17G1 he was translated to Salisbury. He died July 20tli, 17GG. Wm. Claeke, born at Haughmond Abbey, 1G96, educated at Shrewsbury School under Mr. Lloyd. Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 171;', B.A. 1715, M.A. 1719, afterwards Chancellor of Chichester Cathedral. He was an eminent antiquary and published several valuable works. KuBERT Peice, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, died 1733. KicHAED Ltstee, of Rowton, near Shrewsbury, called in Shropshire the " Senator." He was the head of the Shropshire Tories, and elected M.P. for Shrewsbury in 1721, a position he occupied for more than 40 years. He was much beloved in Shropshire, and as hospitable to all as he was charitable. He died in 17G6. Rev. Job Oeton, D.D., born in 1717, at Shrewsbury. He was minister of the Presbyterian Chapel in Shrewsbury, friend and biographer of Doddridge and writer of many other publications. The Vex. John Tayloe, LL.D., born in Shrewsbury, 1704. His grand- father held the office of Third Schoolmaster at Shrewsbury for 30 years (1659-88), but his father was only a barber and he was destined to follow the same employment. It was owing to his father's complaint to one of his patrons, Roger Owen, Esq., of Condover,* that " Jack could never handle the comb and razor," he was enabled by Mr. Owen's help to enter Shrewsbury School, then under the presidency of Mr. Lloyd. He left the School in 1722, and entered St. John's College, taking his degree of B.A. in 1724 and * Dr. Taylor left a memorial of liis gratitude to this gentleman (who had then been dead half a century) in his last will in which after founding an Exhibition for a boy educated at the School, he directs "that in case any descendant of Koger Owen, of Condover, Esq., shall offer himself as a candidate for the said Exhibition, though not brought uji and educated at the Free School aforesaid and shall be thouulit duly (jualifieil for the same, that in such case his trustees shall elect and prefer the said descendant of the said Kuger Oweu. " Z 202 M.A. 1728. He became a Fellow of liis College. In 1731 lie was appointed Public Librarian, an office he resigned in 1734 on his appcintraent as Registrar of the University. He was 43 years old when he entered into holy orders having been ordained deacon, Sept. 20th, 1747, and priest on the day following. He became Canon of St. Panl's, Chancellor of Lincoln, and Archdeacon of Buckingham. He published his edition of Lysias in 1730, and in 1741 took the degree of LL.D. At the time of his death in 17GG he was engaged on his new edition of Demosthenes. He left a considerable portion of his library to Shrewsbury School. Charles Burnet, born at Shrewsbury, April 7th, 1720, and educated partly at Shrewsbury and parti}' at the Cathedral School, Chester, where he received his musical education under Mr. Baker, the Cathedral organist, afterwards stud^'ing under Dr. Arne in London. Mus. Doctor, Oxford, 1761, and F.R.S. 1772. He died at Chelsea College, April 12th, 1814. A monument ti) liis memory is in the north choir aisle of Westminster Abbey. Edwakd Wakixc, j\I.A., Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in the University of Cambridge, born in 1734, near Shrewsbury. Educated at Shrewsbury School under Mr. Hotchkiss. At School he shewed a great inclination to the study of mathematics, but his father designing him to follow tlie law sent him to London with that view. After 12 months residence there he became very repugnant to continue the profession, and earnestly requested his father's consent to relinquish it. At a later period of life than usual he entered ^Magdalen College, Cambridge, with one of Dr. Millington's Exhibitions, and applied himself so earnestly to the study of mathematics, that in 1757, when he took his degree of B.A., Ik- was Senior Wrangler and was publicly declared " lucouiparabilis." So highly Avere his mathematical acquirements appreciated by his fellow students that when his degree Avas declared, all the Wranglers of the year waited upon him in a body to pay him their compliments on the occasion. An invitalion to tea in Mr. Waring's rooms, which was the consequence of this mark of respect proved the foundation of the celebrated Hyson Club, so well kinnvn at ('anibridge. Mr. Waring's reputation was so high at Ciiiiihi'idgc that lui the death of l\1r. Colson (Lucasian Professor), in Januiny, i7()t), \\v was elios(Mi to fill that distinguished post, and to (jualily hiui fur il u special mandate was issued by 203 the King giving him the degree of M.A. The appointment of a yonng man of 25 to fill the professional chair which had been hononred by the names of Sir Isaac Newton, Sanderson, and Barrow, was the cause of much comment among some of the senior members of the University. For his profession in life Mr. Waring chose the stud}' of medicine and proceeded a doctor in that faculty in 1767, but he soon relinquished it, being the possessor of a consider- able fortune, his favourite science supplied him with an inexhaustible fund of study, and after one or two changes of residence finally settled down on his own estate at Plealey, near Shrewsbury. His delight to the last were mathe- matical pursuits. He died at Plealey, August 15th, 1798, after a short illness produced by a violent cold, but his constitution was thought to have been much shaken by several severe falls which he suffered, some of them as he was walking in the streets of London wrapped in abstruse speculation. Mi-. Waring was a Member of the Board of Longitude, receiving the gold medal, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and honorarjr member of most of the learned societies in Europe. He was buried at Fitz,' Shrewsbury. Sir Watkin Lewes was educated at Shrewsbury under Mr. Hotchkiss. Born 1736. He was an Alderman of the City of London, and represented that city in Parliament, but died in 1821 in necessitous circumstances. Thomas Johnes, born 1748. Educated at Shrewsbury School, and after- wards at Eton. Took his degree of M.A., Jesus College, Oxfoi'd. His fame is well known as a translator and also as the actual printer in his own mansion of the "Chronicles of Froissart and Monstrelet," and many other valuable works. M.P. for Cardigan, and also for the Radnor Boroughs. He died 1810. His park at Hafod was one of the most extensive in Wales, and the private chapel contains a well-kno\Yn monument by Chantrey. Jonathan Scott, LL.D., the eminent Orientalist was a native of Shrews- * The following is the Memorial in Fitz Cluirch — n s F EDWARD WARING, Esquire, M.D., F.R.S., LitAsiAX rnoFEs.soa ok Mathematics in the University uf Cambriuce, Ob. 16 Aug., 1798, ^t. 64. MARY, HIS WIDOW, Daughter of William O.swell, Esquirb, Mayor of Shrewsburv, 180S, Ob. 21 June, 1808, Mt. 73. This Memorial was renewed, A.D. 1S52, by their Great Nephew, John Yardley, M.A., Vicar of St. Chad's. Shrewsbury. 204 burv, boi'ii 17-34, and partly educated at tlie Schools. At 12 j'ears old lie went to India and was afterwards secretary to AYarren Hastings. He translated various works from tlie Arabic, Persian, and Hindostani languages. The University of Cambridge conferred liis degree of LL D., in 1808. Vex. Hugh Owen, F.R.S., F.S.A., Ijorn in Shrewsbury, 1760. A well known antiquary, and one who Avith the Rev. J. B. Blakeway wrote the admir- able History of Shrewsbury. He was Archdeacon of Salop and Prebendary of Salisbury and Lichfield. The Rev. J. Bricklade Blakeway, F.S.A., was born in Shrewsbury in 1 705. His family were intimately acquainted with the School, and he himself took deep interest in its welfare. After leaving the School he went to Oriel College, Oxford, and was called to the Bar in 1789, he was however ordained in 17'.'v). It is from the rough notes of this worthy antiquary much of interest in this volume has been gathered. It is well known that the 3rd volume of the History of Shrewsbury would have contained a full record of the History of the School, and it is deeply to be regretted that he and Archdeacon Owen were within 12 months both cut off at a comparatively early age by death, and their work was left incomplete. Rev. T. Joxes, born at Bcrriew 2ord June, 1766. His education till he entered his 12th year was at the country' school at Berriew and Kerr)-. Tlie Vicar of Kerry advised his mother to send him to Shrewsbury School, and liere he continued seven years. On 28th May, 1771-, he was admitted at St. John's College, Cambridge, and went to reside there in tlie October following. He remained at St. John's till 1776, and in that month he removed to Trinity. His superiority at the examination was so decided that no one ventured to contest with him for the honour of being Senior Wrangler. Mr. Jones became tutor to the 2nd Wrangler, Herbert Marsh, afterwards Lord Bishop of Peterborough. He afterwards became Fellow, Assistant Tutoi' and Ili'ad Tilt HI' to liis College. In 1786-7 he proceeded as ]\lo(h'rator in the I'liilosopliical School. lie died July ISth, 1807, and was buried at Diilwirh College. Rev. W. GoRsut'ii F.owi.wn, took liis degree of B.A. 1700, ]\r.A. 170:s at Christ Church, Oxford. For 31 years BaililT of the School, Pi'cbciKhii'y 205 of Lichfield, and Vicar of St. Mary's, Shrewsbiuy, on which Cliurch \\c expended several thousands of pounds chiefly in the splendid stained glass windows. His father was for many years one of the Masters of the Schools. Eev. Rd. Scott, B.D., born 1780, educated at Shrewsbury and Harrow, and afterwards at Brasenose College, Oxford. Chaplain in Ordinary to the Prince of Wales. As a munificent benefactor to every public work he will long be remembered m Shrewsbury. Ven. Archdeacon Bather entered the School 1789, and afterwards went to Rugby, and to Oriel College, Oxford. He was appointed Archdeacon of Salop, and married a daughter of Bishop Butler. For earnest pastoral work he was probably excelled by none in the time in which he lived. Ven. William Adams, D.D., born in Shrewsbury, 1789. He was A'icar of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, Prebendaiy of Lichfield and Gloucester, Arch- deacon of Llandaff and Master of Pembroke Colleo-e, Oxford. CHAPTER XTIII. Distinguished Scholars, 1800-1880, and List of School Honours. o It ^ould be impossible in tlie limits of a single volume to give any complete list of the Scholars since 1798, although the School Lists are in existence. Such a task could only be undertaken, if -any details more than the bare list of names Averc given, in a separate volume, and would when issued be (if no small size. The following is therefore t)nly an epitome of some of the more promi- i nent names in the School life of the ]u'esent t'cntury, whilst the Hdnnur Bnai'ds of the School frcnn 18ieut.-('ol. Ijaucasiiire Militia, was ^l.T. foi- Ev(^sham. T. Hkanckki;, AVailliani College, Oxford, elected li'claiid I 'niversity Scholar while yet in the Otli l''orni of the School. Rkv. Myxoks liiMcirr, Magdalen College, Cambridge. Cradiiated 1S40, 27th Sen. ()|it. and 1st in 2nd class Classical Trijios. lie afterwards became Foundation I'lllow, rresldcnl, and Tutoi' of his College. 207 E. L. Brown, Trinity College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 1850. Robert Burn, Trinity College, Cambridge. Senior Classic (^q.), 18-52. Author of " Rome and the Campagna." Gno. BuTTERTON, D.D., late Head Master of Uppingliam Scliodl. AViLLiAM George Clark, became Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1844, 2nd in the Classical Tripos, Tutor in 1857, and Master in 1868. He was appointed Public Orator of the University in 1857. E. C. Clark, LL.D., Trinity College, Cambridge. Senior Classic ami Senior Chancellor's Medallist, 1858. Regius Professor of Civil Law, Cam- bridge. A member of the Governing Body of the School. AVji. James Clement, Esq., M.D. An eminent surgeon and native of Shrewsbury, which he represented in Parliament from 1865 to his death. The Ven. Robert Henry Cobbold, entered at St. Peter's College, Cam- bridge, afterwards Archdeacon of Ningpo, China, and on his return to England was appointed Rector of Ross, and Prebendary of Hereford. E. M. CorE, Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Classic (^q.), 1841. The Ven. John Cooper, Archdeacon of Westmoreland. 7th in 1st Class Classical Tripos, 1855. The Rev. Edward Hartopp Cradock, D.D., late Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford. Viscount Cranbrook (Gathorne Hardy, D.C.L.), son of the late J. Hardy, Esq., M.P. He has represented Leominster and Oxford University in Parlia- ment. Under Secretary for Home Department in 1858-9, President Poor Law Board, 1856-7, Home Secretary, 1857-8, Secretary for War, 1874-8, Secretary of State for India, 1878, in which year he was raised to the peerage under the title of Viscount Cranbrook ; 1885, Lord President of the Council. The Ven. William Crawley, M.A., of Magdalen College, Cambridge, Canon of Llandaff and Archdeacon of Monmouth. 208 Chaeles Daewix, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., the celebrated naturalist. Born at Shrewsbury, and at the School seven years. He took his degree at Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1831. He was occupied from 1831-36 in his voyage of research in Xatural History in the Beagle. His works are so numerous and world-renowned that further reference need not be made here. Geokge Deuce, Q.C. Graduated at St. Peter's College, Cambridge, in 1843, as Senior Classic (^q. with Dr. Gifford), and afterwards Fellow of his College. The Rev. Alex.\n;dee J. Ellis, F.E.S., F.S.A., Trinity College, Cambridge. Oth "Wrangler and 1st in 2nd Class Classical Tripos. Author of various works on language. President of the Philological Society, 1872-4 and 1881-3. The Vex. R. AVilsox Evans, B.D., late Archdeacon of 'Westmoreland. In 1811 he graduated at Trinity College Cambridge, taking high honors in classics and mathematics. The Rev. T. S. Evans, M.A., Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek in the University of Durham. The Rev. Robeet Eyton, Rector of Holy Trinity, Chelsea ; Sub-Almoner to the Queen and Prebendary of St. Paul's, London. De. "Willl\m Faee, C.B., born in 1807. Superintendent of Statistics in the Registrar General's Office. Treasurer of the Statistical Society, 1855-07, and President, 1809-72. Fellow of the Royal Society. 'Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1857. Hon. M.D., New York, 1847. Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries, 1849, and other societies. Died 1883. The A'kn. H. PuwKi.i, FFiiL'i.KKs, M.A., Canon of St. Asaph, and Arch- deacon of Montgomery. DiL-d 1880. The Yen. Feancis Fkance, B.D., graduated Senior Classic (JEq.) in 1810. Fellow, Lecturer, and President of St. John's College, Cambridge. Arch- deacon of Ely. Died 1804. The Right Rev. Jamks Fi;asee, 1).!)., late Bishop of Mauchester, entered at Lincoln College, Oxford. Ireland University Scholar, 1839. Died 1885. 209 The Rev. J. G. Currey Fusssll, Scholar of Trinity Colloge, Cambridge. One of H.M. Inspectors of Schools, 1852. The Ven. Edwin Hamilton Gifford, D.D., formerly Second Master of the School. Senior Classic (^q. with G. Druce), 1843. Late Head Master of Birmingham Grammar School, Archdeacon of London. A. H GiLKES, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford. First Class in the Final Classical School, 1873. Head Master of Duhvich College. C. E. Graves, St. John's College, Cambridge. Second Classic in 1862, Lecturer and late Fellow of his College, and in many offices in the University. Frederick Gretton, late Head Master of Stamford School. Henri Melvill Gwatkin, St. John's College, Cambridge, late Fellow and Lecturer of St. John's College. Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos. First Classman Classical Tripos, and Moral Science Tripos, 1867. G. H. Hallam, St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic (^q.), 1869, editor of Ovid's Fasti. The Ven. Geo. Hamilton, Hon. Canon of Durham and Archdeacon of Landisfarne. The Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, M.A., F.S.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. An eminent antiquary and author of many valuable works. Died 18G5. Rt. Hon. T. E. Headlam, Trinity College, Cambridge. Elected M.P. for Newcastle, 1847, Q.C. in 1852, and Chancellor of the Diocese of Durham and Ripon in 1854. In 1859 he was made Judge Advocate General, and became a Member of the Privy Council. ^Y. E. Heitland, St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 1871, Fellow and Tutor of his College. Right Hon. J. T. Hibbert, in many ministerial offices. A member of the Governing Body of the School. Al 210 JoHX HiLDTABD, Bari'ister-at-Law, Recorder of Stamford, Grantliam, and Leicester, and Commissary to tlie University of Cambridge. Died 1857. Tlie Eev. James Hildyakd. Graduated B.A., Clirist's College, Cambridge, 1833, as Second Classic and Chancellor's Medallist. Author of several works in favour of Prayer Book revision. Three other brothers were educated at the School. The Rev. Heket Holder, Balliol College, Oxford. First Class Lit. Human. 1837, afterwards Head Master of L^jipingham from 184-5 to 1853, Durham School from 1853 to 1882. The Rev. Arthur Holmes, M.A. 2nd in Classical Tripos, 1859, after- wards Lecturer of St. John's College, and Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge. The Yex. Wm. Hornby, entered Christ Church, Oxford, and became successively Hon. Canon, Manchester, Rural Dean of Preston, and Archdeacon of Lancaster. The Rev. E.J. G. Hornby, Rector of Bury and Proctor for Diocese of Manchester. It. F. HoKTON, New College, Oxford, First Class in the Final Classical School, and Winchester Fellow. CiiANDOS Ho.SKYNS, M.P., wcll-known as an eminent agriculturalist, and president of the Tercentenary- rejoicings. The RiniiT Rev. W. Walsifam How, D.D., Suffragan Bishop of Bedfoi'd, \Va(lham College, Oxford. The Rev. AV. Gilson Humphry, B.D., Senior Classic in 1837. Entered at Trinity College, Camln-idge. Prebendary of St. Paul's and Rector of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London. One of the Revising Committee of New Testament. Died 1885. Tlic Rev. 'I'homas Smakt Huches, Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cand)ridge. 'I'Ik.' account of his Travels in Greece and Albania caused considerable interest wlien first published. 211 Ven. Eev. G. H. S. Johnson, M.A., late Dean of Wells. Graduated B.A., Queen's College, Oxford, as a double first. He was Savilian Professor of Astronomy and Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. The Right Rev. William Basil Jones, D.D., Bishop of St. David's, Trinity College, Oxford. Ireland University Scholar, 1842. A member of the Governing Body of the School. The Rev. Benjamin Hall Kennedy, D.D., St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 1827. Professor of Greek in University of Cambridge, and Canon of Ely. Head Master, 1836 to 1866. Charles R. Kennedy, Trinity College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 1831. George J. Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 1834, and Wm. James Kennedy, one of H.M. Inspectors of Schools (brothers of the Head Master). Marmadtjke Lawson, St. John's College, Cambridge. 1st Pitt University Scholar, 1814, and Chancellor's Medalist ^q., 181-5. The Yen. Thomas Bucknall Lloyd, M.A., Vicar of St. Mary's, Shreu^s- bury. Archdeacon of Salop, Prebendary of Lichfield, and one of the Governing- Body of the School. The Rev. H. M. Luokociv, Canon of Ely. 1st Class Theological Ti^ipos, Tyrwhit Hebrew Scholar, and Scliolefield and Caius Greek Testament Prizes. 1860. Sir Daniel Lysons, son of Rev. S. Lysons, who was joint author with his brother Daniel of " Lysons' Magna Britannia." Sir Daniel has seen much active service in the Crimea, and was severely wounded at the attack on the Redan. He became afterwards Quarter-Master General of the British Army. Lord Chief Justice May. 3rd in Classical Tripos, 1838, entered at Magdalen College, Cambridge. Called to the Irish Bar in 1844, Q.C. in 1865, afterwards appointed Law Advocate to the Crown, Attorney-General for ^12 Ireland, and succeeded the Rt. lion. James '\Thitcside as Chief Justice of Queen's Bench. The RiiV. John E. Bickersteth Mayor, 3rd in the Classical Tripos, 1848. Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Editor of Juvenal. Librarian of Cambridge University, 18G3-67. Professor of Latin at the University, 1872. The Rev. Caxox David ]\Ielville, Rector of Wortley, formerly Principal of Hatfield Hall University, Durham. R. Jasper More, M.P. for Ludlow Division of South Shropshire. Rt. Hex. G. 0. Morgan, M P. Balliol College, Oxford. Craven University Scholar (while in head room). The Rev. II. W. Moss, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 1864. The present Head Master of the School, appointed in 186G. T. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, 4th in Classical Tripos, 1868. J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, ord in Classical Tripos, 1882. (Brothers of the present Head Mastei".) The Rev. Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro, M.A., Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, and Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 2nd in Classical Tripos, 1842, Fellow of Trinity College, and Professor of Latin, Cambridge. Editor of " Lucretius," &c. P. H. MuNTZ, M.P. for Birmingham for many years. Chari.Es Thomas Newton, M.A., on leaving Shrewsbury entered Christ Clnirch, Oxford. In 1840 he was made Assistant Antiquarian to the British Museum ; at his own request he was made Vice-Consul at M^'tilene. The result of his discoveries in Asia Minor is the fine collection of sculptures now in the British Museum, with other Greek antiquities which he acquired. In 1860 he became British Consul at Rome, and in 1861 KeeiJer of the Greek and Roman Antiquities in tlie British Museum. 'I'lii' liKV. (lEOROE NuGEE, cntert'il 'I'rinity College, Cambridge, and gained the First Classical Scholarship. Provost of St. Austin's Priory. 213 Baron O'Neil, son of Chancellor Chichester, of Armagh, w-ent to Trinity College, Dublin, and graduated 1st Junior Moderator in Mathematics and Physics in 18:35. In 1865 he was created Baron O'Neil. Died 1883. J. H. Onions, M.A., Senior Student and Lecturer of Christ Church, Oxford, Ireland and Craven University Scholar. The Rev. E. Peyce-Owen, St. John's College, Cambridge, taking his degree, M.A., 1828. His marvellous ability as an artist and etcher is shewn by the splendid examples of his Salopian views now so rarely met with. T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Davies and Porson Scholar. Editor of Horace's Odes, &c. The Rev. Feaxcis Paget, Christ Church, Oxford. 1st Class in the Final Classical School, 1874. Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology, Oxford. The Rev. F. Afthoep Paley, graduated B.A., at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1836. He has edited Jilschylus, Euripides, Hesiod, &c., and is a great authority on architectural subjects. The Rev. T. Williamson Prile, late Head-Master of Rep ton School. He graduated double first as 18tli Wrangler and 2nd Classic. SiE RoBEET Phayee, Knight Commander of the Bath, Quarter-Master General, Bombay Army, 1857-68. SiE Aethue Phayee, became Colonel in Indian Army, 1866 ; Maj.-Gen., 1871 ; Lieut.-Gen., 1877 ; Knight Grand Cross of St. Michael and St. George, Knight Commander of the Star of India, C.B. Afterwards he was the Chief Commissioner for British Burmah, and made important treaties with the King of Burmah. His brothers were also educated at the School. The Right Rev. A. W. Poole, Worcester College, Oxford; first Mis- sionary Bishop of Japan. A. W. Potts, M.A., late Fellow and Lecturer of St. John's College, Cambridge, Head Master of Fettes College. George Peeston, M.A., Scholar and Fellow, Magdalene College, Cam- bridge, Head Master King's Grammar School, Chester. 214 Mr. Justice Ratcliffe Pring, Puisne Judge of tlio Supreme Court of Queensland, 1880; Attorney- General of Queensland in live Administrations. Rt. Hox. H. C. Raikes, M.P., born 183S. Trinit\' College, Cambridge. Formerly M.P. for Chester. Chairman of Committees in House of Commons, 1874 to ISSO. M.P. for Cambridge University. James Riddell, tutor, Balliol College, Oxford. AVell-known as one of the most accomplished Greek scholars of his time. H. RoTHEEY, "Wreck Commissioner. The Rev. Dr. Roavlet, Christ Church, Oxford, late Head Master Bridg- north School. The Vert Rev. Rob. Scott, D.D., graduated B.A., Christ Church, Oxford, in 1831, takina: first class honors. One of the editors of Liddoll and Scott's Greek-Eng. Lexicon. Master of Balliol College, Oxford, m 1S54, now Dean of Rochester. ' J. E. L. Shadwell, M. a., Senior Student of Christ Church, Oxford ; Ireland and Craven Scholar ; a member of the Governing Bod}' of the School. The Rev. Richard Shilleto, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Classical Lecturer of King's College. Editor of " Demosthenes de Falsa Legatione." 2nd in Classical Tripos, 1832. Sir Ch.\rles Sladen, K.C.B., Member of the Legislative Council of Victoria, Colonial Treasurer of 1855-7, one of the princij)al members of the Upper House of the Western Province. The Right Rev. M. Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Goulburn. The Most Rev. "William Thompson, D.D., Archbishop of York. Scholar, Fellow, Tutor and Provost of Queen's College, Oxford. Bamptou Lecturer in 1853. Sir Hem;v Tiiiiixd. 3rd in tlie Classical Ti'ipos, \'6\\ (the year that Shrewsbury Men were 1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Entered at Magdalene College, 215 Cambridge. Called to the Bar. Connsel to the Home Office, and afterwainb Parliamentary Counsel. Created a Peer 188G. The Rev. Godfrey Thring, brother of Sir Henry, entered at Balliol College, Oxford. AVell-known for his beautiful Hymns and Sacred Lyrics. H. Wage, St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic, 187G. The Ven. Russell Walker, New College, Oxford. 2nd CUiss in Lit. Human. The Rev. John W. Warter, editor of Southey's Letters, and other works. The Rev. E. Warter, Magdalene College, Cambridge; 4th Classic, ISo-t, afterwards President of his College. Died 1878. The Rev. G. H Whitaker, St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Classic {JEq ), 1870. Chancellor of Truro. The Rev. Charles Thomas Whitley, St. John's College, Cambridge. Senior Wrangler, 1830. For many years Professor of Mathematics in L'niver- sity of Durham, now Vicar of Beddington, Northumberland. The Very Rev. Thomas Williams, late Dean of Llandaff. The Ven. Henry de Winton, Sen. Opt. and ord in the Classical Tripos, 1846, Browne Medallist, entered at Trinity College, Cambridge. Archdeacon of St. David's. Sir William Yaedley, Chief Justice of Bombay. From the list of men who have become more publicly known we may proceed to those who have taken Honors at the Universities, and it hardly needs remark that Shrewsbury, when numbers are taken into account, stands at the head of the public schools which has scored them. The reason was explained by Dr. Kennedy when he was examined before a Royal Commission. He followed the system of Dr. Butler, which was to push boys on who showed aptitude, as fast as possible until they arrived at the head class, and they were then under the eye of the Head Master who was presumably the most competent instructor, and the system he adopted was this. 21(3 The lessons from Homer or ^ilscln-lus for example were not long, some 20 or 30 lines, and the newest recruit iu the top class was made to render a part of this into English, which probably was bald enough, other pupils of higher degree then translated the same, and finally the Head Master rendered the passage in his own language, adopting also sometimes the translations of other eminent scholars. It has been objected that such a system only pushes on clever boys, and this has been urged against the custom, but on the other hand it is unanswer- able that it sorts the boys according to their abilities. For a few very clever pupils that remain for some understood time in a class may discourage the others, nor is it to be supposed for a moment that these others are neglected, or in any wa}' suffer, perhaps quite the reverse, for any one who has even a chance of occupying a position as an under-master must be very competent. A hundred honour men would compete for such a prize, and if his pupils cannot always rise to the tragedies of ^schylus, or the humours of Aristo- phanes, they may be quite as successful members of society as those who can, and have at least as great a future before them. Dr. ]\Ioberley, the Head Master of "Winchester College, would appear to have arrived at other conclusions, and said that the long attendance of clever boys at the first class resulted in a sort of indifference, — one Salopian for example spent four years out. of five in the top room, but he was an eminent scholar afterwards. Boys became, he said, indifferent to the same remarks and style, and even pedantry of the master, and that which should have been first was last, and the last first. But doubtless Dr. Mobcrley was considering a very common class of masters who had a routine — a weary routine too often — and those who would have been almost apt to say of a master who took delight in his occupation, as Handet did of the grave-digger when he broke out into melody — " lias this fellow no feeling of his business ? He sings at grave-making." Now, that such men as Butler or Kennedy would fall into grooves over yl"]schylus or Homer is as likely as that Irving or Carlyle would do so over King Lear, and Lord Cranbrook, a zealous Salopian, has almost summed up the matter when he says that if a boy brought up a stiff formal copy of 217 exercises to Dr. Butler, lie would, " with a toucli here and a touch there g'ive it an elegance and taste at which they wondered, and did not themselves believe they had ever been so near the mark." Dr. Kennedy, when the construings of the pupils had been completed, used to wait anxiously for his own innings, and when the wished for moment had arrived ho threw liis whole soul into the spirit of Euripides or ^schylus, and his energetic language was heard even down to tlie play-ground. Now it has been said that the after-life of Salopians was more remarkable for scholars and teachers than for public men, and it is probable the cause is at hand. Eton and Harrow, and Rugby have furnished more public men, though the Shrewsbury scholars were, as we may suppose, quite as favourably placed to play their part with them ; but the halo that was thrown over learning by such men as Butler and Kennedy inclined them to a career of literature. Bl Zhc 1I30110UV Boavbs of Sbre\v6bur\! Scbool 1806—188; Univebsity Scholaeships, Pkizes, &c. 1806 Thomas Smart Hughes. St. John's College, Cambridge. Browne Medal for Latin Ode. 1807 Thomas Smart Hughes, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. ,, John Turner, St. John's College, Cambridge, Second Bachelor's Prize. 1809 Thomas Smart Hughes, St. John's College, Cambridge, First Bachelor's Prize. 1810 Thomas Smart Hughes, St. John's College, Cambridge, First Bachelor's Prize. „ William Henry Parry, St. John's College, Cambridge, Third Bachelor's Prize. 1811 Robert Wilson Evans, Trinity College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. 1812 Marmaduke Lawson, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. Robert Wilson Evans, Trinity College, Cambridge, First Bachelor's Prize. 1813 William Henry Parry, St. John's College, Cambridge, Norrisian Prize. „ Robert Wilson Evans, Trinity College, Cambridge, First Bachelor's Prize. 1814 Mahmaduke L.\wson, St. John's College, Cambridge, Pitt University Scholar. The first elected on that foundation. 1816 lilAUMADUKK LaW.SON, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Chancellor's Medallist, (iEqu.) 1816 Richard P. Thursfield, St. John's College, Cambridge. Second Bell's Scholar. 1817 Rev. Thomas Smart Hughes. Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and Proctor of the University, The Seatonian Prize. 1819 Spencer Wilde, St. Jolin's College, Cambridge, Recorded equal to Bell's Scholar. 1821 Edward Baines, Christ's College, Cambridge, Second Bell's Scholar. ,, Edward Baines, Christ's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. 1823 John Price, St. John's College, Cambridge, Recorded equal to Bell's Scholar. „ Benjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Forson Prize. „ Benjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, Adjudged the Browne Medal for Latin "ode. 182-1 Bkxjamin Hall Kennedy, .St. John's College Cambridge, Pitt University Scholar. „ Benjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, .Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. ,, Renjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College. Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. ,, Benjamin ll;ill Kennedy, St. Jiihn'.s C'ollege, Cambridge, The I'orson Prize. 219 1825 Thomas Williamson Peile, Trinity Collego, Cambridge, Davies University Soholar. ,, John Hodgson, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porsou Prize. „ Benjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. 1826 John Hodgson, Trinity College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. ,, Horatio Hildyard, St. Peter's College, Cambridge, First Bell's Scholar. „ Thomas Butler, St. John's College, Cambridge, Recorded equal to Bell's Scholar. „ Benjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1827 Benjamik Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. „ George H. Johnson, Queen's College, O.xford, Ireland University Scholar. ,, Thomas Williamson Peile, Trinity College, Cambridge, Second Undergraduate's Latin Essay. 1828 Charles R. Kennedy, Trinity College, Cambridge, First Bell's Scholar. „ Thomas Williamson Peile, Trinity College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. „ Edward Massie, Wadham College, O.xford, Ireland University Scholar. ,, Benjamin Hall Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, First Bachelor's Prize. „ George H. Johnson, Queen's College, Oxford, Double First Class. 1829 Charles Borrett, Magdalene College, O.xford, Ireland University Scholar. 1829 John Thomas, Wadham College, Oxford, Craven University Scholar. „ Charles R. Kennedy, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ Charles B. Kennedy. Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ Herbert Johnson, Wadham College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. 1830 Charles R. Kennedy, Trinity College, Cambridge, Pitt University Scholar. 1830 Peter S. Payne, Baliol College, Oxford, Ireland University Scholar. „ James Hildyard, Christ's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ Charles R. Kennedy, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. ,, Robert Scott, Christ Church, Oxford, Craven University Scholar. ,, Charles R. Kennedy, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1831 James Hildyard, Christ's College, Cambridge, Davies University Scholar. ,, Thomas Brancker, Admitted of Wadham College, Oxford, but not yet resident, elected Ireland University Scholar, while yet in the Sixth Form of Shrews- School. „ George J. Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, First Bell's Scholar. ,, George H. Johnson, Queen's College, Oxford, Mathematical University Scholar. The first elected on that found- ation. 220 1834 1831 James Hildvard, 1833 Christ's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. ., James Hildyard, >' Christ's College. Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. „ James Hildyard, " Christ's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. „ George J. Kennedy, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. ,, Peter S. Payne, Balliol College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. 1832 George J. Kennedy, „ St. John's College, Cambridge, Davies University Scholar. „ Peter Payne, B.A. „ Scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, Open Fellowship at Balliol College. .. Horatio Hildyard, 1835 St. Peter's College, Cambridge, Second Bachelor's Prize. ,, John Thomas, Trinity College, O.xford, Latin Verse Prize. „ James Hildyard, Christ's College, Cambridge, " Browne Medal for Greek Ode. James Hildyard, Christ's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. ,, James Hildyard, Christ's College, Cambridge, >. Meniber's Prize for Latin Essay. 1 ^33 Robert Scott, Cln-ist Church, Oxford, 1837 Ireland University Scholar. „ James Hildyard, Christ's College, Cambridge, ,, Chancellor's Junior Medallist, „ George H. JIarsh, St. John's College, Cambridge, ]><38 Bell's Scholar. ,, John Gibbons Longueville, Wadham College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. 183G Robert Scott, Student of Christ Church, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. Thomas F. Henney, Pembroke College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. James Hildyard, B.A., Christ's College, Cambridge, First Bachelor's Prize. William Fletcher, Trinity College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. Alexander G. Hildyard, Pembroke College, Cambridge, Second Bell's Scholar. Robert Scott, B.A., Student of Christ Church, Oxford. Bachelor's Prize for Latin Essay. Robert Scott, B.A, Student of Christ Church, Oxford. Open Fellowship at Balliol College. WiLLi.\M G. Humphry, Trinity College, Cambridge, Pitt University Scholar. George E. Chichester May, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Bell's Scholar. Edward J. Edwards, B.A., Balliol College, Oxford, Kennicott Hebrew Scholar. William Dickenson, Trinity College, Cambridge, Latin Verse Prize. W. G. Humphry, Trinity College, Cambridge, Undergraduate's Latin Essay. W. G. Humphry, Trinity College, Cambridge, Chancellor's Junior Medallist. Henry H olden, Balliol College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. James Eraser, Lincoln College, Oxford, Recordird second to Ireland Univer- sity Scholar, with the words ' proxime accessit.' 221 1838 Rev. Robert Scott, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, Deiiyer's Theological Essay. ,, Robert Middleton Dukes, Lincoln College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. „ Thomas Evans, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ William Dickenson, B.A., Trinity College, Oxford, Latin Essay. 1839 James Eraser, Lincoln College, Oxford, Ireland University Scholar. ,, Edward M. Cope, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. ,, James Fraser, Lincoln College, Oxford, First Class. Lit. Hum. 1840 Edward Bather, IMerton College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. ,, J. Bather, St. John's College, Cambridge, Re-examined with Craven University Scholar. „ James Fraser, B.A. Scholar of Lincoln College, Ox- ford . Open Fellowship at Oriel College. 1841 Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro, Trinity College, Cambridge. Craven University Scholar. ,, G. Druce, St. Peter's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ G. Nugee. Trinity College, Cambridge, Latin Essay. 1842 E. H. GiFFORD, St. John's College. Cambridge, Pitt University Scholar. ,, G. Druce, St. Peter's College, Cambridge, Second to Pitt Scholar. 1842 H. A.J. Munro, Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. „ G. Druce, St. Peter's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ W. G. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ude. „ W. G. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigram. „ Thomas Ramsbotham, Christ's College, Cambridge, Latin Essay. „ W. Basil T. Jones, Trinity College, Oxford, Ireland University Scholar. „ M. Bright, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Hebrew Prize. 1843 E. H. GiFFORD, St. John's College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. G. Druce, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. St. Peter's Colleire, Cambridge, „ W. G. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ W. G. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ Rev, M. Bright, Magdalene College, Cambridi;e, Tyrwhitt's Hebrew Scholar. ,, G. Nugee, Trinity College, Cambridge, Latin E.ssay. 1844 W. G. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor s Medallist. ,, G. O. Morgan, Balliol College, Oxford, Craven University Scholar. 222 ISU J. G. C. Fussell, Trinity College, Catuhridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. „ J. G. C. Fussell, Trinity College, Cambridge, Re-examined with Browne's Univer- sity Scholar „ J. G. C. Fussell, Trinity College, Cambridge, Prize for Latin Essay. 1845 H. De Win ton, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ G. Nugee, Trinity College, Cambridge, Sir P. ilaitland's English Essay. „ James Riddell, Scholar of Balliol College, O.xford, First Class, Lit. Hum. 1846 G. O. Morgan, Balliol College, Oxford. Newdigate Prize for English Poem. „ James Riddell, B.A., Scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, Open Fellowship at Balliol College. ,, Robert Trimmer, Wadhaiii College, Oxford, English Essay. 1847 G. 0. Morgan, Scholar of Worcester College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. 1848 H. C. A. T.ayler, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. 1849 W. Owen, St. John's College, Cambridge, Proximo Accessit to Craven Scholar. „ W. Owen, St. John's College, Cambridge, Camden Medal for Latin Heroic Poem. „ F. Kewley, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Person Prize. 1850 T. CLAYToy, Trinity College, Oxford, Hertford University Scholar. 1850 G. 0. Moriran, B.A., Scholar of Worcester College, Oxford, Stowell Civil Law Fellowship at Uni- versity College. „ G. O. Morgan, Worcester College, Oxford, Prize for English Essay. ,, W. Owen, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. ,, P. Perring, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. 1851 Henry Parker, B.A., University College, Oxford, Open Fellowship at Oriel College. „ G. 0. Morgan, Worcester College, Oxford, Eldon Law Scholar. „ H. C. A. Tayler, Trinity College, Cambridge, Latin Essay. „ G. B. Morley, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1852 S. H. Burbury, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ D. Trinder, Exeter College, Oxford, Denyer's Theological Essay. ,, J. L. Balfour, Queen's College, Oxford, EUerton's Theological Essay. ,, Henry Parker, Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, Latin Essay. „ W. Basil Jones, M.A., Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford Open Fellowship at University Col- lege. 18.13 Edw. L. Brown, Trinity College, Cambridge, First Bell's Scholar. ,, W. Inge, Scholar of Worcester College, Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. 223 1853 S. H. BuKBURY, St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. „ S. H. Burbury, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Person Prize. 1854 S. H. Burbury, St. John's College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. 1855 T. Clayton, Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, English Essay. ,, E. L. Brown, Trinity College, Cambridge, Proxime Accessit to Craven Scholar. 1855 E. L. Brown, Trinity College, Cambridge. The Porson Prize. „ T. Clayton, Trinity College, Oxford, Prize for English Essay. 1856 E. L. Brown, Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. ,, Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. ,, Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, First Bell's Scholar. „ W. P. James, Oriel College, Oxford, Newdigate Engli-sh Poem. „ Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ E. C. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. 1857 R. Whiting, Trinity College, Cambridge, Second Bell's Scholar. ,, Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. ,, R. Whiting, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Epigrams. 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. E. C. Clark, Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. A. W. Potts, St. John's College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. Arthur Holmes, St. John's College, Cambridge, Chancellor's Medal for English Poem. T. W. Lewis, Jesus College, Oxford, First Class, Natural Sciences. Robert Whiting, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. Herbert M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, Latin Essay. H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, First Class Theological Tripos, (distin- guished in Hebrew). H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, Scholefield Greek Testament Prize. H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, Carus Greek Testament Prize. C. E. Graves, St. John's College. Cambridge, The Porson Prize, (.^qu.) H. VV. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize, (jEqu.) H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridsie, Latin Essay. H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, Crosse Theological Scholarship. 224- 1S62 H. W. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. ., .J. E. L. ShafUvell, Christ Church, Oxford, Froxime Accessit to Hertford Univer- sity Scholar. „ H. W. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. .. H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, Latin Essay. ,, H. M. Luckock, Jesus College, Cambridge, Tyrwhitt's Hebrew Scholar. 1863 J. E. L. Shad well, Christ Church, Oxford, Proxime Accessit to Ireland Univer- sity Scholar. ,. \V. F. Smith, St. John's College, Cambridge, Second Bell's Scholar. „ H. W. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. ., II. W. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Elegiacs. 13G4 J. E. L. SH.\r)WELL, Christ Church, Oxford, Ireland University Scholar. „ T. W. Brogden, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1865 F. Gunton, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. „ F. Gunton, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Camden Medal for Latin Heroic Poem. „ J. E. L. Shadwell, Christ Church. Oxford, First Class, Lit. Hum. ,, J. E. L. SnAiJWKLL, Christ Church, Oxford, Craven University Scholar. 186.5 H. M. Gwatkin, St John's College, Cambridge, Carus Divinity Prize. 1SG6 T. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge. Craven University Scholar. „ T. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. ,, T. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Epigram. „ F. Gunton, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Camden Medal for Latin Heroic Poem. 1867 C. Dodd, Merton College, Oxford, First Class, Final Mathematical School. „ G. H. Whitaker, St. John's College, Cambridge, Bell's University Scholar. „ G. H. Hallani, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ G. H. Hallam, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. „ T. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Chancellor's Medal for English Poem. „ T. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1868 G. H. Hallam, St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University College. ,, H. M. Gwatkin, St. John's College, Cambridge, First Class, Moral Sciences Tripos. „ G. H. Hallam, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. ,, 11. M. Gwatkin, St. Joim's College, Cambridge, First Class in Theological Tripos. Scholeficld Prize and Hebrew Prize. 225 1872 18o9 W. E. Heitland, 1871 St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. ,, H. M. Gwatkin, „ St. John's College, Cambridge, Crosse University Scholar. ,, R. D. Hodgson, " Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Elegiacs. ,, R. D. Hodgson, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ G. S. D. Murray, B.A., Wadhara College, Oxford, Senior Studentship at Christ Church. „ H. M. Gwatkin, St. John's College, Cambridge, Carus Greek Testament Prize, (.^qu.] 1870 H. M. Gwatkin, St. John's College, Cambridge, Tyrwhitt's Hebrew Scholar. „ T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. ,, C. Dixon, Gonville and Caius College, Cam- bridge. Browne Medal for Greek Epigram. „ T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize (^qu.) „ 1871 R. D. Archer-Hind, Trinity College. Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. n „ T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Porson University Scholar. ,, F. Paget, Christ Church Oxford, Hertford University Scholar. „ W. R. Barry, „ First in the Indian Civil Service Examination. ,, C. Dixon, Gonville and Caius College, Cam- 1874 bridge, Browne Medal for Greek Elegiacs. 1873 T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. E. B. Moser, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Epigram. F. Paget, Christ Church, Oxford, Chancellor's Prize for Latin Verse. R. D. Arciier-Hind, Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Davies University Scholar. T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Chancellor's Medal for English Poem. T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. E. B. Moser, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Epigram. A. H. Gilkes, Christ Church, Oxford, First Class in the Final Classical School. T. E. Page, St. John's College, Cambridge, Chancellor's Classical Medallist. H. VVace, St. John's College, Cambridge, Porson University Scholar. J. H. Onions, Christ Church, Oxford, Distinguished himself in the Examina- tion for the Hertford University Scholarship. H. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. H. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Powis Medal for Latin Heroic Poem. F. Paget, Christ Church, Oxford, First Class in the Final Classical School. CI 226 1874 J. H. Onions, Christ Church, Oxford, Distinguished himself in the Examin- ation for the Ireland University Scholarship. „ H. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. „ H. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. „ H. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Powis Medal for Latin Heroic Poem. 1875 H. A. Powys, St. John's College, Oxford, First Class in the Modern History School. W. J. F. V. Baker, St. John's College, Cambridge, Highly distinguished in the Exaniina tion for the Chancellor's Medals. ., J. H. Onions, Christ Church, Oxford, Ireland University Scholar. „ H. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize (.^qu.) 1876 J. W. Jeudwine, St. John's College, Cambridge, Fourth in the First Class of the Law Tripos. II. Wace, St. John's College, Cambridge, Senior Chancellor's Medallist. \\'. W. English, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for (ireek Epigram. .. J. H. Onions, Christ Church, Oxford, Craven University Scholar. 1 1 . 1). Lafkan, First in the ojn-n Competition for admission to the Royal Militaiy Academy, Woolwich. 1877 W. W. English, St. John's College, Cambridge, Honourably mentioned by the Exam- iners for the Craven University Scholarship. „ A. F. Chance, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1878 H. B. Hodgson, Queen's College, Oxford, First Class in the Final Classical School. „ R. F. Horton, New College, Oxford, First Class in the Final Classical School. „ H. T. Kemp, St. John's College, Cambridge, Third in the First Class of the Law Tripos. „ W. W. English, St. John's College, Cambridge, Junior Chancellor's Medallist. „ C. H. Garland, St. John's College, Cambridge, Abbott University Scholar. „ H. D. Laflan, The Royal Jlilitary Academy, Woolwich, The Pollock Medal for distinguished proficiency. „ H. D. Lafpan, First in the Examination at the Royal Military Academy, Wool- wich, for Commissions in the Royal Engineers. 1879 IT. B. Hodgson, B.A., Queen's College, Oxford, Senior Studentship at Christ Church. „ R. F. Horton, B.A., New College, Oxford, Winchester Fellowship. „ 11. L. Jones, Gonville and (^aius College, Cam- bridge, First Class in the Natural Sciences Tripos. ,, J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge. Porson University Scholar. 227 1879 J. R. Wardale, Clare College, Cambridge, Bell University Scholar (^qu.) „ J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. ,, J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Epigram. ,, A. F. Chance, Trinity College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1880 A. F. Chance, Trinity College, Cambridge, Honourably mentioned by the Exam- iners for the Chancellor's Medals. „ J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Craven University Scholar. ,, C. H. Garland, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize (^qu.) „ J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. ,, J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. 1881 R. F. Horton, B.A., New College, Oxford, Highly commended by the Examiners for the Denyer and Johnson Scholar- ship. ,, J. R. Wardale, Clare College, Cambridge, Battle University Scholar. J. 0. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, The Powis Medal for Latin Heroic Poem. „ J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Ode. „ J. C. Moss, St. John's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Ode. 1881 J. C. Moss, St. John's Collegfi, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Epigram. „ H. C. Clarkson, King's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Epigram. 1882 A. Appleton, Trinity College, Cambridge, First Class in the Theological Tripos. „ J. C. Moss, St. John's Colh'go, Cambridge, " Very nearly equal " to the success- ful candidates for the Chancellor's Medals. " J. R. Wardale, Clare College, Cambridge, "Highly distinguished himself " in the Examination for the Chancellor's Medals. ,, O. Seaman, Clare College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize. 1383 E. C. Clark, LL.D., Regius Professor of the Civil Law, Professional Fellowship at St. John's College, Cambridge. „ J. S. Hill, B.A., St. John's College, Cambridge, Sir P. Maitland's Engli.sh Essay. „ J. R Orford, King's College, Cambridge, Honourable mention for the Porson Prize. 1884 J. D. C. Laffan, Second in the Examination at the Royal Military Academy, Wool- wich, for Commissions in the Royal Engineers. 1885 H. D. Lewis, Clare College, Cambridge, Eighth (^qu.) in the First Class of the Law Tripos. ,, G. H. Jones, B.A., Jesus College, Oxford, Chancellor's Prize for Latin Essay. ,, J. R. Orford, King's College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Greek Epigram. 228 1885 J. R. Orford, King's College, Cambridge, The Porson Prize (^qu.) ,, E. A. Edgell, First in the Examination at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, for Commissions in the Royal Engineers „ E. A. Edgell, The Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, The Pollock Medal for distinguished proficiency. 1886 Rev. B. H. Kennedy, D.D., Regius Professor of Greek, Fellowship at St. John's College. 1886 H. K. St. J. Sanderson, Trinity College, Cambridge, Browne Medal for Latin Epigram. ,, J. L. A. Paton, St. John's College, Cambridge, Honourable Mention for the Porson Prize 1887 H. W. Auden, Christ's College, Cambridge, Second Bell University Scholarship (iEqu.) „ J. L. A. Paton, St. John's College, Cambridge, Second Chancellor's Classical Medal. FiEST Class in Moder.vtions. Oxford. 1852 W. Inge, Worcester College. 1853 A. B. Rocke, Christ Church. 18G1 John Batten, Baliol College. 18G3 J. E. L. Shadwell. Christ Church. ,, J. D. Lester, Jesus College. 1864 G. S. D. Murray, Wadham College. „ R. E. Williams, Jesus College. 1868 0. E. B. Barnwell, Christ Church. 1869 J. S. Lewis, Christ Church. 1870 A. 11. Gilkes, Christ Church. 1871 F. Paget, Christ Church. 1872 H. A. Powys, St. John's College. 1873 J. II. Onions, Christ Church. 1874 S. B. Guest, Exeter College. 1875 J. H. Deazeley, Merton College. R. F. Horton, New College. 1876 H. B. Hodgson, Queen's College. 1877 C. G. S. Corser, Christ Church. ,, J. P. Cranstoun, Oriel College. 1881 G. H. Jones, Jesus College. 1883 T. E. Pickering, University College. 1885 E B. Raper, Pembroke College. oo 29 Mathematical Tripos. Cambridge. Wranglers. 1808 W. H. Parry, 1838 H. J. Hodgson, St. John's College - IGth. Trinity College - 24th, 1809 John Evans, J1 G. A. C. May, Magdalene College Clare Hall - 6th. 36th. )' W. R. Gill.y, 1840 H. C. Rothcry, Trinity College 7th. St. John's College 10th. 1811 R. W. Evans, 1843 E. H. Gifford, Trinity College 7th. St. John's College loth. 1824 W. Crawley, 1851 J. S. Clarke, Magdalene College - 27th. St. John's College 11th. 1826 John Hodgson, 1853 H. A. Morgan, Trinity College ICth. Jesus College 25th. 1827 George Butterton, St. John's College - 8th. 1854 B. W. Home, 1828 T. W. Peile, St. John's College 4th. Trinity College 18th. )» H. Day, 1830 Charles Whitley, St. John's Collesre 5th. St. John's College Senior. » S. H. Burbury, )J Edward Yardley, St. John's College loth. Magdalene College 40th. 1858 E. L. Home, 1834 William Henry Trentham, Clare College 35th. St. George's College - 13th. 1859 T. G. Vyvyan, 1835 Francis Procter, Caius College 9 th. Catherine Hall - 30th. 1860 G. Macfarlan, l> John Cooper, Trinity College - 14th. Trinity College - 33rd. 1836 William Twiss Turner, !) R. S. Ferguson, Trinity College - 15th. St. John's College 27th, Thomas Headlam, 1864 W. Whitworth, Trinity College - 17th. Pembroke College 34th. 1837 Alex. J. Ellis, 1867 H. M. Gwatkin, Trinity College - 5th. St. John's College 35th. JI W. J. Humphry, )) G. T. Hall, Trinity College - 27th. Trinity College - 38th Mathematical Tripos. Parts I akd II. 1883 E. T. Clarke, St. John's College 17th. 230 Classical Tripos. Cambeidge. First Classmen. 1824 Edward Baines, Christ College 1826 John Price, St. John's College ») John Hodgson, Trinity College - ?j Frederick Gretton, St. John's College 1827 Benjamin H.\ll Kennedy, St. John's College „ George Butterton, St. John's College 1828 T. W. Peile, Trinity College - 1829 Horatio Hildyard, St. Peter's College „ Robert Smith, St. John's College „ Thomas Butler, St. John's College 18-31 Cn.\.uLES R. Kennedy, Trinity College - „ Charles Johnstone, Caius College 1832 Richard Shilleto, Trinity College - ,, Edward Broadhurst, ]\lagdalene College 1833 James Hildyard, Christ's College - 1834 George J. Kennedy, St. John's College „ Edward Warter, I\Iagdalene College 1835 George F. Harris, Trinity College - „ John Cooper, Trinity College - 1836 George Henry jNIarsh, St. John's College ,, William Henry Bateson, St. John's College „ Richard Edward Turner, Trinity College - 4th. 3rd. .5th. 7th. Senior. 3rd. 2nd. 5th. 6th. 7th. Senior. 4th. 2nd. 7th. 2nd. Senior. 4 th. 3rd. 7th. 2nd. 3rd. 6th. 1837 W. G. Humphry, Trinity College - - Senior. 1838 G. A. C. May, Magdalene College - 3rd. ,, Henry Thompson, St. John's College - 7tli. ,, William Parkinson, St. John's College - 8th. 1839 A. M. Hopper, Trinity College - - 6th. 1840 Francis France, St. John's College Sen. .^qu. 1841 E. M. Cope. Trinity College - - Senior. „ John Bather, St. John's College - 2nd. „ Henry Thring, Magdalene College - 3rd. 1842 H. A. J. Munro, Trinity College - - 2nd. ,, Francis Morse, St. John's College - 7th. 1843 George Druce, n St. Peter's College ( Senior. ,, E. H. GiFFORD, ( JEqn. St. John's College ,' 1844 W. G. Clark, Trinity College - - 2nd. 1846 H. De Winton, Trinity College - - 3rd. 1848 J. E. B. Mayor, St. John's College - 3rd. 1849 H. C. A. Taylor, Trinity College - - 4th. 1851 J. VV. Taylor, St. Peter's College - 12th. 1852 Robert Burn, Trinity College - Sen. .i'Equ. „ Pliilip Perring, Trinity College - - 4th. „ W. Chandless, Trinity College - - 5th. „ Arlliui- White, Magdalene College - ICth. 231 1854 S. H. Burbury, St. John's College ,. G. P. M. Campbell, Magdalene College „ H. Day, St. John's College 185G E. L. Brown, Trinity College - 1857 J. R. Lee, Magdalene College 1858 E. C. Clark, Trinity College - „ A. W. Potts, St. John's College „ S. Butler, St. John's College 1859 Arthur Holmes, St. John's College 1860 R. Whiting, Trinity College - 1862 C. E. Graves, St. John's College „ T. Gwatkin, St. John's College 186i H. W. Moss, St. John's College ,, G. Preston, Magdalene College 1866 W. F. Smith, St. John's College 1867 T. W. Brogden, St. John's College „ H. M. Gwatkin, St. John's College „ F. Gunton, Magdalene College 1868 T. Moss, St. John's College 1869 G. H. Hallam, St. John's College 1870 G. H. Wfiitaker, 2 lid. St. John's College 1871 W. E. Heitland, 7th. St. John's College „ H. L. Manby, 9th. Emmanuel College 1872 R. D. Arcluir-Hind, Senior. Trinity College - 1873 T. E. Page, 5th. St. John's College 187-1 C. Braraley, Senior. Jesus College „ E. B. Moser, 2nd. St. John's College „ W. G. Williams, 12th. St. John's College 1875 W. J. F. V. Baker, 2nd. St. John's College „ W. Moss, 6th. St. John's College 1876 H. Wage, 2nd. St. John's College ,, R. C. Seaton, 10th. Jesus College „ T. E. Raven, Senior. Caius College 1878 W. W. English, ICth. St. John's College 1880 A. F. Chance, 2nd. Trinity College - X „ W. O. Sutclifie, I 9th. St. John's College (■ ^qu. 1881 C. H. Garland, / St. John's College ,, C, E. Laurence, 16th. Pembroke College 1882 J. R. Wardale, 4th. Clare College „ J. C. Moss, Sen. ^qu. St. John's College Sen. JEtiu. Senior. 11th ^qu. 3rd .^qu. 2nd yEqu. 6th JEqu. 11th. 18th. 4th 19 th ^qu. Senior. 12th ^qu. 14th ^qu. 3rd. 5th ^qu. 14th ^qu. 8th ^qu. 10th JEqu. 2nd. 3rd. 232 Classical Teipos, Part I., First Classmen. 1SS3 0. Seaman, Clare College 1885 W. J. Purton, Division 3. Pembroke College Division 3. „ W. J. M. Starkie, 188G J. L. A. Paton, Trinity College - Division 3. St. John's College Division 1. 1SS4 H. B. Stan well, „ H. K. St. J. Sanderson, St. John's College Division 5. Trinity College Division 2. 1885 J. R. Orford, King's College - Division 1. Classical Tripos, Part II. First Class. 1886. W. J. Purton, Pembroke College. Successful Candidates at the Open Competition for the Civil Service OF India. First Exam. Fiual. First Exam. FinaL 1856 R. Taylor - - - 20th. 1873 W. R. Bakkv - - 1st. 1860 F. W. J. Rees - - „ G. A. Grierson - - 12th. „ E. S. Mosley - - „ B. G. Geidt - - - 17th. „ F. jr. McLaughlin - 1875 B. G. Geidt - - 8th. 1861 Arthur Yardley - - 1876 S. W. Edgerlcy- - 26th. 1863 C. D. Maclean - - 1879 S. W. Edgcrley 8th. 1868 S. H. James - - - „ E.T.Lloyd- - - 18th. 1869 E. B. Steedman - - 13th. 1880 H. P. Todd-Naylor 18th. 1870 C. E. Marindin - - 1881 E. T. Lloyd 2nd. 1871 W. R. Barry - - 1st. 1883 K. P. Todd-Naylor . - - - 18th. G. A. Grierson - - 28th. 'a /D iO o o CHAPTER XIX. The School on Kingslaxd. mga,iiwwTiy>yii.< ""■•« ' IrXGSLAND, the site to which the School was removed in 1882, is one of the most sahibrions as well \ as one of the most beautiful tliat could \ possibly have been selected. From the eminence on which the present School is situated, it is said that eight counties may be seen, and as in all parts of Euoland, there is in the varing landscape much to remind ns of those who have filled con- spicuous places in history. Directly west, and at a distance of about IG miles, are the Breidden Hills, from which beautiful views of the Welsh border land may be seen. On the highest of these hills is Rodney's Pillar, erected in honour of Admiral Rodney. The oppo- site range of hills, Moel-y-golfa, was the scene of many Welsh wars, and many a tale of hard fighting is recorded as having taken place on the high mountain range. Further south is the long range of the Stiperstones and Pontesbury Hills, in the former of which the Romans worked for lead in mines which still bear the name of the Roman Gi-avels. The Longmynd Hills form a special feature in the view from the School grounds. These hills are a wild expanse of country whicli is quite nnproductive, and is continually alluded to by Sir R. I. Murchison in his " Siluria." The DI. 234 Caradoc, Lawley, and Eagletli Hills, on the other side of the Longmynd, shevr boldly in the panorama. The Caradoc Hill is said to be the place where Caractacus made his final effort against the Romans, bnt tliis has been disputed, and the Breidden Hills and Coxall Knoll have each been supposed to correspond more fully to the description of the place recorded bv Tacitus, but the actual site must always remain in doubt. Acton Burnell, the seat of the great Lord Chancellor Burnell, in the grounds of which are the ruins of the Grreat Hall where the Lords and Commons met tosrether for the first time. The well-known "NYrekin, with which is associated the toast dear to all Salopians ; Haughmond Hill, adjoining the site of the Battle of Shrewsbury, on or near which, from its many local allusions, Shakespeare must have written his play of Henry IV. The Grins- hill and Hawkstone Hills in the distance, and in front the fine old town, with its spires and Castle, and pleasant seats; the celebrated Quarry AValk, with its spreading limes, unrivalled for beauty by any shady walk in England, and the river Severn quietly flowing along the School grounds form a panorama unequalled for grandeur and beauty by that which any other Public School can shew. Harrow of course has its delights, but it wants the Severn and the hills, and the old Historic Town to look upon. School Buildtncis. The 2:)resent School is admirably situated, and from the Quarry AValk presents rather an imposing appearance, although it can hardly be said to have any strong claims to architectural beauty. It is, however, a good speci- men of the late Hanoverian architecture. The earlier type often called Queen Anne's style has come now into great favour in England, and some of our best architects are devoting their energies to its development. The building was erectcil in 17()n, at a cost of more than £14,000, and it was in connection with the magnificent Foundling Hospital of London. AVhen the pi-opcrty was bought by the Governing Body the question of the stability of the building arose, for it was by no means certain that a building of this particular date was secure. It would have been much safer to have trusted to one a century older, but Air. A. AV. Blomfield, the architect for the restoration of Chester Catliedral was called in, and alter a careful exaniinat Icm proiidunccd the slicll 235 of the building to be perfectly sound, and the materiivLs of which it was composed exceptionally good. He found, further, that if the shell of the building- was left and the interior remodelled it would be among the most convenient Schools in the kingdom. The decision of the Governing Body was that the building should be remodelled, and the result has shewn the wisdom of the decision. The School Buildings as arranged by Mr. Blomfield provide a commo- dious room 120ft. long by 20ft. wide (this alone is nearly half as large again as the large room of the original School House), and twenty-four other rooms varying from 40ft. by 20ft. to 25ft. by 20ft. In addition to the rooms nsed as Class Rooms, others are fitted up for the School Library, Museum, &c., and three as Chemical Laboratories with every modern appliance. There is also a Gymnasium, a Dining Room for Day Boys, and sets of rooms for Assistant Masters. The whole of the School Buildings are heated throusrhout by hot water. Besides these rooms there is a large central stone staircase, with broad roomy lobbies and halls, and at each end additional staircases lead- ing to the Masters Rooms and all parts of the School. It is a gratifying proof of the value of the extended curriculum now provided that in the present year (1888), Mr. L. C. Panting was elected to a Natural Science Scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford, one of the highest distinctions in tliat branch of study, a remarkable change from the time when Darwin was a pupil and science never taught. There was a double roof and a central gutter in the original building, but these have been completely altered and a lead flat substituted. This is railed round, and it forms a fine promenade from which the grand views spoken of may be seen to great advantage. It is surmounted by a large cupola which is covered externally with zinc. The whole system of drainage has now been remodelled upon the most approved plans, and probably there are no public buildings in the country in which the sanitary arrangements are superior or more thorough. The old brickwork has been cleaned down and re-pointed in cement, and Lascelles patent stone has been brought into requisition to supply the 236 string courses and window dressings, all of -wliicli are in accordance witli tlie Hanoverian style of the building. The Large Hall of the School has been appropriately fitted with the School Honour Boards, the vacant spaces on the wall being filled up with fine oak panelling, brought fi'om the Old School Buildings. The School Chapel. The Kennedy Memorial has already been alluded to. The committee to carry this out was appointed December 4th, 1865, and liberal subscriptions were at once promised. From the causes already stated the scheme remained in abeyance until, in 1878, the late Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, who was one of the Trustees of the Fund and Chairman of the Governing Body, re-opened the question of thL> application of the fund. At a meeting held May 22nd, 1878, it was resolved — -" That the amount subscribed to the Kennedy Memorial Chapel be placed at the disposal of the Governing Body- on the understanding that it be applied to the erection of a separate portion of the School Chapel, such as a chancel or apse, to be marked off from the rest of the edifice by some architectural feature so as to give distinct signifi- cance to its memorial character." The designs finally submitted by the architect, Mr. A.W. Blomfield, were, after approval by the committee, carried out in 1882-3. The Memorial portion of the Chapel consists of the Chancel Arch, Chancel, and the North and South Transepts. In the step rising from the Nave to the Chancel is embedded a brass plate, on which the follow- ing is engraved : — - hvivsce . aedis . qvidqvid . vltea . hoc . aes . ritvm . est. Bexiaminvm . Hall . Kennedy . s.t.p. SCIlUl.AK . l;Ef;iAK . SAI.OPTENSIS . 01, IM . AI.VMNVM . I'Ki; . XXX . AXNOS Al,M'llll)l|i\SI'AI.\ M. sVMMA . i;kvei;kn'I'ia . svMMd . AMiii;r, . ri>'nsECVTi EXHTHVENHVM . l 'VK'A VKK VNT CONDISnrVI.I . rdM.KHAK . IHSrll'N 1,1 . AMirl A.,'^. MUlCll.WXlll. The meinorial section of the Chapel cost upwards of £;],5()(), and tlie re- maining part between £4,000 and £5,000, chiefly contributed by Old Salopians. The Chapel it- self provides accom- modation for 500 boys, besides masters, visitors, and servants. Some of the fittings of the old Chapel, including the old. pulpit.havebeen pre- served for the new one, and it is hardly likely that any of the old traditions that surrounded them will be lost. The Chapel is of stone, relieved with white Portland, Bath, and Grinshill Stone, and consists of five bays, each of which contains a triple lancet light The centre one is the highest, an arrangement we generally find in the best early-thirteenth century work. These lights are placed under a relieving arch which springs from buttress to buttress. The plinth mouldings are very excellent, and the general effect on entering the sacred building is very striking. The seats in the nave are of pitch pine, neatly designed. An illustration of the exterior is given, and all the details will shew the originality of an architect who has studied for himself. At the west end is a handsome stained glass window in memory of the Rev. J. Rigg, B.D., the late Second Master, erected by subscriptions from his many friends. 238 In the chancel are four small stained glass windows, to the memorj of boys who have died at School. The inscriptions on the brass plates beneath the windows are as follows : — In Jlemory of G. M. Fowler, In ilemoiy of T. R. W. Tr.orxcEi!, Born March 21, 1867, ilied December 12, 1883, born June 25, 1869 Coufirmed Nov. 16, 1884. Quill . migrasse . valet . nihil . egimns . ecce . seqiiaci Died Dec. 21, 1884. Mors . pede . primitias . earpit . adorta , donnis . Vi.^ . iuratus . eras . in . verba . vocantis . Jesu Inviila . lingua . tace . vultu . mors . ipsa . beuigno . To . comiteni . ductor . vult . adhilicre . tuns . In"ruit . ad . Cliristum . si . (juis . iturns . obit . Vix . .sacra . contigeras . domini . referentia . mortem Vivare . cum . vivo . mors . dat . aniica . Deo. In Meniorj- of P. H. Bensox, Born May 5, 1870, died October 31, 1885. In Memory of J. Nuhman Swettexiiam, Buried at his birthplace under CaerCaradoe in this county. Born May 19, 1869. Died at one of tlie old School Quern . inga . hidentem . tua . saepe . Caractace . norant Houses, March 25, 1886. Heu . cito . natali . reddidit . os.sa . solo . Q\iid . migrasse . valet . numquiil . mansisse . valeret . Hinc . homines . quid . sint . tumulus . nious . adnionet Spem . siniul . h.iec . raptam . jilurat . ct . ilia . domus . illinc Et . nee . spes . hominum . nee . tu . lanienta . requiris Astra peteus . niundum . cjuis . super . astra . regat. Sospes . in . aeterna . duleis . alumne . donio. The Masters' Houses. The Masters' Houses at Shrewsbury are among the very best that have been designed for the purpose for which they are intendctl. The Head ]\Iaster's House is in what is generally called the Queen Anne's style to harmonize somewhat with the School Buildings, but perhaps a little more of the strictly Queen Anne style, or something more of the earlier Hanoverian might have added additional dignitv. TIk' design was by IMr. A. AV. Blomfield, F.S.A.. and the engraving gives an excellent idea of its appearance. It has accommodation for 66 boys, and is fitted up with every modern requisite. The rooms arc especially commodious and well proportioned. The dining hall is about 40 feet in length, 21 feet in breadth, and 18 feet high, and the other day rooms are equally roomy. An excellent system is adopted here of small studies for 73 boys to prepare their eMiiuiuatioiis, ami each boy lias a desk and locker for his books and papers. There are 21 of these small studies, and it is probable that generally speaking it is better to have them arranged as they are here than as at some other Schools whore a compart- ment is allotted to only one student. The lavatories and bath rooms, witli change and drying rooms, are very complete. The Italhs, and indeed all the water i'ei|uii'eil for the usi' of the 239 Schools, are supplied from a well that was found in the yard near the Head Master's House, from which an abundant supply of the purest water is secured ; a small engine forces this up to a reservoir in the highest part of the School buildings, and from this it is distributed to all parts of the School premises. There are thirteen bedrooms in the Head Master's House, and from the windows of most of these the views are delightful. Not only have the internal arrangements been most carefully considered but the sanitary details have received the most critical examination, and extensive alterations from the original plan have been made to secure such a great essential to a public School as a safe and efficient system of drainage. In addition to the Head Master's House there are in the School Grounds two other houses, and closely adjoining the School entrance a third house. These are from the designs of Mr. W. White, F.S.A., of ^Yimpole Street, London, and are different altogether in style and arrangements from the Head Master's House, yet so designed as to harmonize with the whole School buildings. These houses are of the Old English type though necessarily modified by the requirements of the present day. The accommodation in each of these houses is for 42 boys, and here, as in the Head Master's House the system of studies for these boys has been adopted. The dining halls are. 31 feet by 17 feet, and proportionately lofty, the day rooms are large, and the dormitories are light and command exten- sive views of the Shropshire and Welsh Hills. To each house there is a picturesque entrance hall and staircase, and it is needless to say that the sanitary arrangements have been carefully carried out. An additional supply of pure drinking water from the well-known Conduit Spring, which for 400 years has furnished Shrewsbury with an unfailing quantity of absolutely pure drinking water, has also been laid to the property adjoining the School for the joint use of all residents. The Sanatorium is about a quarter of a mile from the School. 240 The Games. Attached to the School is a splendid cricket field, covering several acres. The levelling was done in part l)v the boys themselves, under the direction of Mr. Gilkes, now Head Master of Dulwich College. The work, which has been done gradually, was completed in 1888, and the whole forms a beautiful recreation ground. Here during the summer months cricket is in full swing, but Shrewsbury does not hold a very high place in the cricketing world ; ^this is partly due to the rival attractions of boating. The great match of the season is that with Rossall School, which generally takes place early in Jul}-. It is played at Shrewsbury and Rossall in alternate years. The Boat House is situated at the bottom of the hill opposite the Quarry, and the Severn presents every advantage for boating men. To be eligible for the Boat Club a boy must be over 15 and must have passed the swimming test. A regatta is held in the Quarry every year, generally during the first w^eek of July. There is also an annual boat race between Shrewsbury and Cheltenham, and Bumping Races between the different houses. Fives is now much plaj'cd in the , autumn and spring terms ; the Fives Courts, which are " buttressed," are five in number, and are between the cricket field and the Chapel. Tlie stones of the wall surroiniding the School Grounds on this side were brought from tlic Old School, and arc covered with names of old .scholars, deeply carved. Football is freely intlidgcd in on the Field during the winter mouths, the As.sociation game being the one played. For many years compulsory football has been in vogue at Shrewsbury; it is calleil "ddwliug" and is a sort of cross between the Rugby and Assucialion gauic. The School Team is looked upon as imi' of the bt'st in the district. Tliere is also a Unn-clul », Willi a li.xcil miniber of Runs over well-tlclliied Sbrewsburv? Scbool from tbc IRiver. 241 courses, wliicli arc taken every season during the autumn term. Some of these runs go several miles out into the country. The Run-club has the management of the two steeplechases and the athletic sports which take place in the spring. In the north-west corner of the cricket field are the Baths, beautifully fitted with every modern appliance, presented to the School by the Head Master. The Swimming Bath is 70 feet long and 25 feet broad, and 6| feet at the deeper end, and 3^ feet at the shallow. The water is heated in winter, so that bathing can be enjoyed at all times of the year. Bathing twice a- week is compulsoiy on all who have not passed the swimming test (five lengths of the bath). In the opposite corner of the field is the tuck-shop and pavilion; the shop is managed by a committee chosen from the boys. The officers of the different games are elected every year ; cricket has a captain, treasurer, and secretary ; football and boating the same ; fives has a captain, and the runs a huntsman and senior and junior whips. INDEX. PAGE Acting taught at tlio School 58 Actou Burnell, Meeting of Parliament at ... ... 12 Act of rarliament obtained for Better Government of the School .. . .. 132 Act of Parliament, re-organising the Governing Body and the Management of the School .. .. 158 Adams. Rev. W., M.A., appointed Second Master .. 134 Annual Speech Day . ... ... 153 ,. Regatta . .. .. 153 Archseological Institute of Great Britain, Visit to Shrewsbury . .. 157 Arms of the Bailiff's of the Town .. 56 Ash ton, Rev. Thomas, appointed Head Master, 1561 27 ,, ,, Memorial, by Andrew Downes, of 28 ,, ,, Resigned Head Mastership, 1568 39 ,, ,, Letter to the Bailiff's, etc., con- cerning Surplus of School Money ... 41,42 ,, ,, Letter to the Bailiffs, etc., after completion of the Ordinances ... . .. 44 Death of 59 Atcherley, Rev. James, appointed Head Master, 130, 133 Atkys, Richard .. .. 79, 130 131 Attempt to provide a Country House for the School 88, 89 ,, to introduce Modern Education into the School .... 153, 154 Augustinian Friars, Founded in Shrewsbury, 1255 .. 17 Bailiffs' Ordinances 48, 49, 50,51, r,2 Baker's History of St. John's College .. ... .. 70 Banquet, given by the Masters to the Scholars, 1581 62. 63 Barker, John, Second Master, 1581 ... 62,67,69,171 Battlefield, near Shrewsbury ... ,.. ... ... 128 Beaconsfield, Earl of 153 Beef Row, The 140 Benefactors to School Library, List of ... 171 to 181 Benson, P. W .. 238 Black Book of St. John's College 45 Blakeway, J. B 181,204 Blakeway, MSS 182 Boating sanctioned by Dr. Kennedy .. .. 153 Bows and Arrows in use at tlie School in 1584-5 ... 72 Brickdale, John, A.B., Third Master .. ... 125, 126 Bridgnorth School 18 Brooke, James, appointed Second Master, 1627 .. 94 ,, John, A. B., Third Master 126, 179 Burgesses limited in the right of Gratuitous Educa- tion 163 164 Burnell, Lord Chancellor 234 Bury St. Edmunds, School at ... 135 Butler, Rev. Samuel, appointed Head Master 133 ,, Dr., Stipend of .. . . 144 ,, ,, Resignation of 145 ,, ,, Made Bishop of Lichfield 145 146 ,, Death of 146 ,, ,, Funeral of... 147 ,, ,, Monument Erected to the Memory of".' 147 ,, „ Publications of ... 136, 137 Chaloner, Thomas, appointed Head Master .. .. 101 ,, Expelled 104, 106 ,, ,, Account of his Life after his Expulsion from Shrewsbury School 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 ,, ,, Appointed Head Master of Newport School 113 ,, ,, Return to Shrewsbury School .. ... 115 ,, Death of 116 Charles 1 91,93,103,104,105 Charter Granted by Charles I. to Shrewsbury .. 103 ,, ,, To Shrewsbury School by Edward VL 1654, 22 Cheltenham College 240 Chester, School at .. .. .. Ill Churchyard's Description of the Quarry . . 57, 58 Civil War in England, Effects of the 116 Clarke.William, appointed Head Master by St. Jolin's College 122 ,, ,, Resignation of Claim to Head Mastership 122 Classical Tripos, Cambridge, First Classmen .. .. 230 Parti, and IL , 232 Coleridge, S. T 133 Commencement of School Buildings, 1595 . 77, 78, 79 Commission of Enquiry into CoUeges, Schools, and Foundations appointed . ..... 158 Conspiracy to place Duke Robert on the Throne ... 10 Corbet, Reginald, Records of Shrewsbury 20 Corporation of Shrewsbury Orders 30 „ ,, Records .. 91 Corvesor, Thomas. Last Abbot of Haughmond Abbey 45 Coton, Second Master 117, 168, 175 Council of War held in School Library ... .. 105 ' . pa(;f. Council House, Charles I. at The . . 87, 105 Customs of the Scholars when any Great Man visited Shrewsbury 60, 61 David. Prince of Wales, Defeat and Death of 12, 13 Death of Ashton 59 ,, Atkys ... • .. 79 Debtors, Statute Concerning .. . .12 Decline of the School, under Richard Llovd 120, 121 Hotchkiss ■ . 12S Devereux, Robert, Earl of Leicester ... 71, 72 Disputes between the College of St. John and the Corporation of Shrewsbury 100, lOS, 109, 121, 122 Disputes between Meighen and the Corporation 77, 78, 80 Disraeli, Mr. (afterwards Earl of Beaconsfield) ... 153 Domesday Book . ... . ... ... ... 11 Dominican Friars Founded in Shrewsbury, aboutil265 17 Douningtou School ... .. ... 18 Drapers' Guild, Shrewsbury .. .. ... 16, 57 Duke's Antiquities of Shropshire . 13 Early Chronicles of Shrewsbury, Extracts from 21, 30, 42, 43, '58, 59, 61, 71, 76, 77, 83 Easter Book ... 39 Edric, Duke of Merci«, Treachery of .. 11 Education in Middle Ages .. . ... 16. Elizabeth's intended Visits to Shrewsbury . 56, 58, 65 ,, Grant to the School, 1571 . 32 „ ' Visit to Bristol ... ... ... .. 63 ,, Letter to the Corporation and Head Master, 15S8 31 Ethclred (King), at Shropshire 9, 11 Evans, David, appointed Third Master ... ... 94 ,, ,, Death of .. .... 107 Extract from the Scheme to make Shrewsbury a See .. 17 ,, Blackwood's Magazine ... ... 139 Eyton, John, appointed Master of Shrewsbury Eree School 26 Fancy Dre.s.s Ball held at the School at Christmas .. 153 Fees, School ... ... .. . .. .. 74 Festival on the Tercentenary of the Foundation of the School .. ... ... .. ... 157 Fire at Newport .. ... .. . . 114 First Clals in .Moderations 228 Foundation of Scholarships at St. John's College ... 1C8 Fowler, G. M 23S France, Francis, First Butler Exhibitioner . 145, 208 Franciscan, or Grey Friars, founded in Shrewsbury before 1246 .. 17 Funeral of Dr. Butler .. 146, 147 Games, School 74 Garrick's " The Lying Valet " 143 Gittins, Ralph, Second Master, di.s]ilaced 85 I, ,, Re-appointed Second Master ... 95 Cough's History of Myddle ... 89 Government of the School transferred from the Cor- poration to Tru.stees ... .. 132, 133 Governing liody under the Act of 1868 ... 162 Grant of £20 obtained from Elizabeth 30 Grey Friars founded in Shrewsbury before 1246 17 Harding, Andrew, Second Ma.ster . 84 Homage of Welsh Princes at Shrewsbury 13 Honour Boards. The ... . 218 Hotchkiss, Leonard, appointed Head Master ... 125 ,, Extract from MS 75 I, Publications 120 Hotchkiss' Common Place Book P.\GE .. 127 Iliff, Frederick, Second Master .. .. 141, Improvements and Additions to the School Buildings under Dr. Butler . . Increase of the School ... India Civil Service, Successful Candidates for Installment of Mr. Gittins, Mr. Jones, and Mr. Spurstow as First, Second, and Third Masters, 1612 82, Insubordination Amongst the Scholars .. 137, Introduction of University Cap to the School 142 139 135 232 S3 138 152 James II's A'isit to Shrewsbury ... ... ... 119 Jeudwine. Mr. , appointed Assistant Master .. .. 134 Jones, Ralph, Third Master . .. 82, 102, 174 Johnson, Rev. S., Second Master, Resignation of 133, ISO Kennedy, Dr. Benjamin Hall, appointed Head Master 149 „ ,, ,, Address presented to... 151 ,, Memorial, The 236 Kent, Roger, Fourth Master, 1581, Died 1588 62, 79 Kingsland, New School on ... .. .. 233 Law Suit between St. John's College and the Corpora- tion of Shrewsbury... .. ... 122 Lawrence, Tliomas, Second Master under Ashton, appointed Head Master in 1568 ... ... 60 ,, Resigned, 1583 66 ,, ,, Letter of. to the Bailiffs, etc. . 66, 67, 68 Letter of the Piailiffs concerning Tliomas Lawrence 68, 69 ,, to St. John's College concerning Raljih Gittins 81 Library furnished with Books .. .. 89, 90 Lloyd, Richanl, appointed Heail Master .. .. 120 ,, Resignation and Death of .. .. 121 List of Admissions to the School between 1562 & 1634 96 ,, ,, ,, under Pigott ... 107 ,, The First Trustees of the School ... .. 132 ,, Benefactors to the School Library .. 171 to 181 Ludlow Grammar School, jno of the oldest in the County .. 18 Market Drayton School 18 Marys, Sir, lirst Master of Shrewsbury Free School.. 26 Masters' Houses . . .. 238 ,, Salaries increa.sed ... .. . .. 103 Mathematical Tripos, Parts I. and II. .. .. 229 ,, , Cambridge Wranglers.. ... 229 Mathews, Rev. J., Third Master, Resignation of 133, 137 Meighen, John, recommemled as successor to Law- rence, by tlie Authorities of St. John's College .. 70 11 i> ap))ointed Head Master, 1583 .. 71 ,, ,, Resignation and Death . . 98 Memorial to Dr. Kennedy ... .. 159, 166 Merchants foremost in the [iromotion of Education ... 19 Mint at Slirew.sliury .. 9, 12 Monument Erected to the Memory of Dr. Butler .. 147 Mass, Rev. Henry Whitehead, appointed to Head Ma.stership 161, 212 Museum Opened in School Buildings, 1855 ... . 157 Music taught at the School .. ... ,. . 78 Mystery or Pa.ssion Plays ... 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 Neile, Dr., Letter to St. John's College 81 Newport Scliool Founded . ... 18,113,114 Firoat 114 Nowling, Rev. Charles, appointed Head Master 124, 128, 17:i, 198 ,, , ,, Resignation ,uid Death .. 129 Norfolk, Duke of. Impeached at Slircwslmry .. 12 I'AOK Opposition to the Henioval of the Scliool ... IGli, 161 Orations made before Sir Henry Sidney ... G4, (>.5 Os\ve.stry School ... ... .. ..> .. ... 18 Owen and Blakeway's History of Shrewsbury 16, 21, 56, 69, 80 Owen, Rev. Hugh, appointed Head Master 121 ,, ,, Displaced .. .. 122 Pageants at Shrewsbury ... ... ... ... 60 Palmer's Guild Incorporated at Ludlow ... ... 17 „ ,, Dissolved, 1552 .. 18 Parliament held at Shrewsbury ...• 12 ,, ,, Acton Burnell .. . . .. 12 Parry, Humiihrey, M.A., Second Master 126, 128, 179 Particulars of the Inner Working of the School 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Passion Plays 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 Peers, William, First Foundation Scholar 108 Pengwerne Powis founded in the lifth century .. 9 Petition to the House of Commons. Curious, 1447 .. 19 Petitions from Burgesses of Shrewsbury for Establish- ing a Grammar School ... . . ' ... '20 Phillips' History of Shrewsbury . ... ... 31 Phillips, Rev. Robert, DD., appointed Head Master 123, 124, 127 Pigott, Richard, appointed Head Master .. ... 107 ,, ,, E.icpulsion and Death of 109, 115, 175 Plague, The, or Sweating Sickness at Shrewsbury 87, 88, 107 Preece Ap John, hanged himself .. 76 Presentations to Dr. Butler ... ... .. 145, 146 Price, Mansfield, A. M., Second i^ster ... 125, 126 Prizes, etc. . 218 Proclamation made by the Bailiffs concerning the Scholars, 1582 76 Proposal for the»E.xtension of the System of Education at Shrewsbury School .. ... ... . 154 Prowde, Nicholas, First Foundation Scholar with Wm. Peers .. 108 Purchases of Land for the Schfcol .. .. 86, 87 Quarry, Shrewsbury 56, 57, 153 Rebellion in the School 140 Reformation. The ... 40i Removal of the School .. . .. .. 163 Reps-irs to the School ... 78, 79 Report of the Commissioners in 1613 ... ... .. 84 Resignation of Thomas Lawrence, 1583 ... ... 66 ,, Dr. Butler 145 ,, ,, Kennedy... ... .. ... 158 Revival of Learning ... .. 17 Rigg, Rev. J., B.D., 2nd Master 237 Riot in the School House ... ... ... ... 80 Rodney's Pillar ... 233 Roger de Abbodesle appointed King's Proctor .. 16 Roman Gravels 233 Rossall School .. 240 Rowlands, Rev. J., Fourth Master, Resignation of... 133 Schedule of Prices paid for the erectiou of the present Buildings 80 Scheme to make Shrewsbury a See .. 17 ,. E.xtract from .. .. .. ... .. 17 Scholars from a distance Boarded in the Town 74, 75 „ Entries of, under Hotchkiss .. .. ... 127 ,, Numbers decreased ... 151, 152 ,, lusubordination amongst the ... .. 137 Scholarships founded at St. John's College 108 I'AOK School, Acting Taught at ... .. 58 ,, Act of Parliament for better government of... 132 ,. Attitnijit to provide aCountry House 88, 89 ,i Boathouso 240 ,, Boating . . 153 ,, lluildings, Improvements and Additions to .. 139 „ ,, Museum Opened in .. 157 ,, ,, Purchased by Subscription for a Free Library and Museum 166 ,, ,, New 234, 235 ,, Chapel, Consecration of ... .. 90 ,, ,, Description of .. .. 91, 92, 93 ,, ,, New .. . ^ 236 ,, „ ,, Memorial Windows in ... 23.^ ,, Charter Granted to, by Edward VI., 155}... 22 ,, Chest .. . 83, 84 ,, Commencement of present Buildings 77. 78, 86 ,, Elizabeth's Grant to 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 ,, Fancy Dress Balls held atj in lieu of Dramatic Perforujances .. .. . . ... 153 ,, Fees . ' ... ., 74 ,, Financial Condition of, in 1775 131 ,, First Grant obtained from Edward VI. for the Foundation of... .. ... .. 21 ,, First Opened in Ratonyslone, or School Lane 29 ,, Formal Opening of, at Kingsland .. 164,165 ,, Formation of Ordinances .. ... .. 40 ,, Games . •* ' 74, 240 Government of, transferred from the Corpora- .. 132, 45, 46, 47, 48, 142, tion to Trustees ,, Honour Boards .. .. ,, Hou.se and Masters Provided ... „ Library 89, 90, 105, 139, ,, ,, List of Benefactors to . 171— ,, List of Adniis.sions to, between 1562 and 1634 ,, Masters' Stipends raised ,, Opened by Ashton, Wylton, and Atkys, in 1561 ■ ,, Ordinances ,, Plays at Christmas ,, Prayers ... ,, Pre-eminence of the . . ,, Proposal to build another ,, Punishment ,, Purchases of Land for the ,, Rebellion, or the Beef Row ,, Registers, Extracts from ,, Removal of ,, Sanatorium ,, Speeches at Midsummer ,, Success of, in 1841 ,, under Dr. Butler ,, University Cap introduced by Dr. Kennedy 152 ,, Visited by the Duchess of Kent and the Princess Victoria 139 Shakespeare ... . ... .. ... 234 Shrewsbury Abbev, founded by Roger de Montgomery 10, 15 ,, Augustinian Friars Founded in, 1255 ... 17 ,, Bailitl's Accounts, Extract from . 26, 27 ,, ,, Not fortunate in their choice of Early Masters .. ... .. 26, 27 Battle of 10, 234 „ Castle, Built by Roger de Montgomerv.. 10 ,, Castle Gate,.. . . ... " 42, 43 ,, Charter granted to, by Charles 1 . 103 ,, Compareil with other Towns .. 13, 14 ,, Corporation Accounts, Extract from 21, 100, 102 ,, Corporation, Entry in Oldest Book of .. 16 79, 163, 138, 139, 140, 133 218 26 167 -181 96 131 27 108 143 73 144 42 143 , 87 140 148 164 239 143 151 141 Shrewsbury Corporation Orders .. .. 30, 78, Dominican Friars, Foun.led in, about ] 265 Earlv Chronicles of, Extracts from 21, 30, 43, S8, 59, 60, 71, 76, 77, Fines at 11> Franciscan or Grey Friars Founded in, before 1246 ... Gaol... Homage of Welsh Princes at Mint at 9, Pageants at . ... ... Parliament at . . Plague at .. School at Schoolmaster Maintained at Show Abolished ; Singular Laws of .. Taken by Cromwell's Army Taken by Treachery ... Treatment of the King at.. Wars at Shropshire Schools, Order of Foundations South Chancel of St. Mary's fitted for the Scholars use, 1582 Spurstowc, Hugh, Accidence Master . ... 82, St. Chad's Tithes granted to the School St. John's College, E.xtract from the Records of 87, 88, 15, 91 17 42, 78 12 17 43 13 12 60 12 107 16 16 164 11 10 106 11 10 18 75 102 39 75 P.40E St. John's College, Extract from Letter from the Burser of 120 St. Mary's Tithes conferred upon the Schools ... 31 Stone, School at Ill Swettenham, J. Norman ... ... 238 Sydney, Sir Henry. Visits to Shrewsbury 61, 62, 63, 66 ,, Sir Philip, Letter to . .. 184 Taylor, Andrew, appointed Head Master 117, 118, 176 ,, ,, Resignation of ... .. ..120 Tercentenary of the Foundation of the School 155, 156, 157 Trouncer, T. R. W 238 University Scholarships . 218 Vaughan, Arthur, Third Master .. .. 126 Visit oftlie Earls of Leicester and Esse.K in 15S3-4 .. 71 ,, Archajological Institute of Great Britain to Shrewsbury 157 Wellington School Welsh Princes ... 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